Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens OM (March 29, 1869 - January 1, 1944), was arguably the greatest British architect of the 20th century (some have said the greatest since Wren, others, simply, the greatest). He designed many English country houses and was instrumental in the design and building of New Delhi. He was born and died in London. His surname is pronounced "Lut-chens." E Lutyens Amended image from Brookies collection File links The following pages link to this file: Edwin Lutyens User:Brookie/Pictures Categories: GFDL images ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... March 29 is the 88th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (89th in Leap years). ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Architect at his drawing board, 1893 An architect is a person involved in the planning, designing and oversight of a buildings construction. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK... In Britain (and also in Ireland) the term country house generally refers to a large house which was built on an agricultural estate as the private residence of the landowner. ... The Humayuns Tomb, situated in New Delhi, has an architectural design similar to the Taj Mahal. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ...

He studied Architecture at South Kensington School of Art, London from 1885 to 1887. After college he joined the Ernest George and Harold Ainsworth Peto architectural practice. It was here that he first met Sir Herbert Baker. Sir Herbert Baker (1862-1946) was the dominant force in South African architecture for two decades, 1892-1912. ...

His own practice

He began his own practice in 1888, his first commission being a private house at Crooksbury, Farnham, Surrey. During this work, he met the garden designer and horticulturalist Gertrude Jekyll. In 1896 he began work on a house for Jekyll at Munstead Wood, Godalming, Surrey. It was the beginning of a fruitful professional partnership that would define the look of many Lutyens country houses. 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Farnham is a small town (pop. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ... Gertrude Jekyll (1843–1932) was an influential British garden designer, writer, and artist who created over 400 gardens in the UK, Europe and the USA. She also contributed over 1,000 articles to Country Life, The Garden and other magazines. ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Pepperpot, Godalmings former town hall. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, part of the South East England region and one of the Home Counties. ...

The "Lutyens-Jekyll" garden overflowed with hardy shrub and herbaceous planting within a firm classicising architecture of stairs and balustraded terraces. This combined style, of the formal with the informal, exemplified by brick paths, softened by billowing herbaceous borders, full of lilies, lupins, delphiniums, and lavender was in direct contrast to the very formal bedding schemes favoured by the previous generation in the Victorian era. This new "natural" style was to define the "English garden" until modern times. For other uses of the word see: Lupin (disambiguation) Species over 150 recognised species, including: Lupinus albus Lupinus angustifolius Lupinus arboreus Lupinus luteus Lupinus mutabilis Lupinus nootkatensis Lupinus polyphyllus Lupinus x regalis Lupinus texensis Lupin, often spelled lupine in the US, is the common name for members of the genus... Species About 250 species, including: Delphinium altissimum Delphinium andersonii Delphinium barbeyi Delphinium bakeri Delphinium bicolor Delphinium brunonianum Delphinium bulleyanum Delphinium caeruleum Delphinium californicum Delphinium cardinale Delphinium carolinianum Delphinium cashmerianum Delphinium cheilanthum Delphinium consolida Delphinium corymbosum Delphinium decorum Delphinium delavayi Delphinium denudatum Delphinium depauperatum Delphinium dictyocarpum Delphinium duhmbergii Delphinium elatum Delphinium... Species About 25-30, including: Lavandula angustifolia Lavandula canariensis Lavandula dentata Lavandula lanata Lavandula latifolia Lavandula multifida Lavandula pinnata Lavandula stoechas Lavandula viridis The lavenders Lavandula are a genus of about 25-30 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, native from the Mediterranean region south to tropical... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her Accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of Great Britain is considered the height of the British industrial revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ...

His works

Initially, his designs all followed the Arts and Crafts style, but in the early 1900s his work became more classical in style. His commissions were of a varied nature from private houses to two churches for the new Hampstead Garden Suburb, London to Castle Drogo, Drewsteignton, Devon and on to his contributions to India's new imperial capital New Delhi (where he worked as chief architect with Herbert Baker and others). Here he added elements of local architectural styles to his classicism, and based his urbanization scheme on Mughal water gardens. It has been suggested that Handicraft be merged into this article or section. ... // Events and Trends Technology Lawrence Hargrave makes the first stable wing design for a heavier-than-air aircraft Orville and Wilbur Wright make the first documented flight in a powered heavier-than-air aircraft Mass production of automobile Wide popularity of home phonograph Panama Canal is built by the United... Classicism door in Olomouc, The Czech Republic. ... Hampstead Garden Suburb is an example of early 20th Century domestic architecture and town planning located in the London Borough of Barnet in North West London. ... Castle Drogo is a country house in Drewsteignton, Devon, England. ... The inner harbour, Brixham, south Devon, at low tide Devon is a large county in South West England, bordering on Cornwall to the west, Dorset and Somerset to the east. ... The Humayuns Tomb, situated in New Delhi, has an architectural design similar to the Taj Mahal. ... The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...

After the Great War, he was involved with the creation of monuments to commemorate the fallen. The best known of these monuments are the Cenotaph, London and the memorial to the Missing of the Somme, Thiepval. Many local war memorials (such as the one at All Saints, Northampton) are Lutyen designs - based on the Cenotaph. He also designed the War Memorial Gardens in Dublin, which were restored to their full splendour in the 1990s. Other works include the Tower Hill memorial, and a memorial in Victoria Park in Leicester. Lutyens also refurbished Lindisfarne Castle for its wealthy owner. Combatants Entente Powers Central Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties > 5 million military deaths > 3 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War I, also known as the First World War and (before 1939) the Great War, the War of the Nations, War to End All Wars was a world... The Cenotaph, London A ceremony at the Cenotaph, London, on Sunday 12th June 2005, remembering Irish war dead Memorial Cenotaph, Hiroshima, Japan A cenotaph is a tomb or a monument erected in honor of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere. ... Combatants United Kingdom France Canada India Newfoundland New Zealand South Africa Australia German Empire Commanders Douglas Haig Ferdinand Foch Max von Gallwitz Fritz von Below Strength 13 British & 6 French divisions (initial) 51 British divisions (final) 10. ... This article is about the Thiepval village and memorial, for other uses see Thiepval (disambiguation) Thiepval is a village in the Somme département, Picardy region of Northern France. ... This article is about Northampton in England; for other places of the same name see Northampton (disambiguation) Northampton Guildhall, built 1861-4, E.W. Godwin, architect Northampton is a large market town and a local government district in central England upon the River Nene, and the county town of Northamptonshire. ... The National War Memorial is a 8 hectare war memorial in the Islandbridge area of Dublin, built to commemerate Irish soldiers who died in World War 1. ... Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Ireland, located near the midpoint of Irelands east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin Region. ... The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, the last decade of the 20th Century. ... Tower Hill Memorial, corridor The Tower Hill Memorial is a national war memorial on the south side of Trinity Square Gardens, just to the north of the Tower of London. ... Categories: UK geography stubs | Leicestershire | Parks and commons of Great Britain ... Leicester city centre, looking towards the clock tower Leicester (pronounced ) is the largest city in the English East Midlands. ... Lindisfarne Castle is located on the Northumbrian island of Lindisfarne. ...

He was knighted in 1918, and elected to the Royal Academy in 1921. The silver Anglia knight, commissioned as a trophy in 1850, intended to represent the Black Prince. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... This article refers to an art institution in London. ... 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Whilst work continued in New Delhi, Lutyens continued to receive other commissions including several commercial buildings in London and the British Embassy in Washington, DC. Deanery Garden House Brookies own picture File links The following pages link to this file: Edwin Lutyens Categories: GFDL images ... The chancery building The British Embassy in Washington D.C. is the United Kingdoms embassy to the United States. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United...

In 1924 he completed the supervision of the construction of what is perhaps his most popular design: Queen Mary's Dolls' House. This four storey Palladian villa was built in 1/12th scale and is now a permanent exhibit in the public area of Windsor Castle. It was not conceived or built as a plaything for children - its goal was to serve as an exhibit of the finest British craftmanship of the period. 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Queen Marys Dolls House was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens, for Queen Mary (Consort of George V). ... A villa with a superimposed portico, from Book IV of Palladios I Quattro Libri dellArchitettura, in a modestly priced English translation published in London, 1736. ... An early 18th century view of Windsor Castle by Kip and Knyff. ...

He was commissioned in 1929 to design a new Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool. Work on this magnificent building started in 1933, but was stopped during the Second World War (after the war the project ended due to a shortage of funding, with only the crypt completed). (The architect of the present Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, which was built over land adjacent to the crypt and consecrated in 1967, was Sir Frederick Gibberd.)-1... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Liverpool waterfront by night, as seen from the Wirral. ... 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Allied Powers Axis Powers Commanders {{{commander1}}} {{{commander2}}} Strength {{{strength1}}} {{{strength2}}} Casualties 17 million military deaths 7 million military deaths {{{notes}}} World War II, also known as the Second World War (sometimes WW2 or WWII or World War Two), was a mid-20th century conflict that engulfed much of the... Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral steps The south elevation and main entrance to the Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral, a Roman Catholic cathedral in Liverpool, has the official name of Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral of Christ the King. ... Frederick Gibberd (1908-1984) was a British architect. ...

New Delhi

One of Delhi's most famous landmarks, the India Gate, was designed by Edwin Lutyens.

Largely designed by Lutyens, over the last twenty or so years of his career New Delhi was chosen to replace Calcutta as the seat of the British Indian government in 1912; the project was completed in 1929 and officially inaugurated in 1931. In undertaking this project, Lutyens invented his own new order of classical columns etc, which has become know as the "Delhi Order". Unlike the more traditional British architects who came before him, he was both inspired by and incorporated various features from the local and traditional Indian architecture - something most clearly seen in the great drum-mounted Buddhist dome of Viceroy's House now Rashtrapati Bhavan. This palatial building, containg 340 rooms, is built on an area of some 330 acres (1.3 km²) and incorporates a private garden also designed by Lutyens. The building was designed as the official residence of the Viceroy of India and is now the official residence of the First Citizen of India – its President. Image File history File links Indiagatedelhi. ... Image File history File links Indiagatedelhi. ... This article deals with the metropolis of Delhi. ... Built in the memory of more than 90,000 Indian soldiers who lost their lives during the Afghan Wars and World War 1, the India Gate is one of the most famous monuments in Delhi. ... The Humayuns Tomb, situated in New Delhi, has an architectural design similar to the Taj Mahal. ... This article is on Calcutta/Kolkata, the city. ... Immediately in front of Rashtrapati Bhavan is the Jaipur Column, topped by a star. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The columns at the front entrance of the palace have bells carved into them which Lutyens had designed with the idea that as the bells were silent the British rule would never come to an end! At one time, more than 2,000 people were required to look after the building and serve the Viceroy's household.

The new city contains both the Parliament buildings and government offices and were distinctively built of the local red sandstone using the traditional Mogul style.

When drawing up the plans for New Delhi Lutyens planned for the new city to lie southwest of the walled city of Shahjahanbad. His plans for the city also laid out the street plan for New Delhi consisting of wide tree-lined avenues.

Built in the spirit of British colonial rule, the point where the new imperial city and the older native settlement met was intended to be a market; it was here that Lutyens imagined the Indian traders would participate in "the grand shopping centre for the residents of Shahjahanabad and New Delhi", thus giving rise to the present D-shaped market we see today.

Works in Ireland

While in Ireland, Lutyens was involved with Hugh Lane's proposal to build a Gallery of Modern Art in Dublin. Several suggested designs were produced, including a colonnaded building on St Stephen's Green opposite the Royal College of Surgeons. The most controversial design was a suggested 'bridge gallery' over the Liffey. This aroused much criticism, mostly from the Irish architectural journals complaining on the choice of a 'foreign' architect - even though Lutyen's mother was Irish. This design took the form of two pavilions at either end with a columned pergola between over a three arched bridge. Eventually the idea foundered when Lane died in the sinking of the Lusitania.

Marriage & later life

Two years after she proposed to him and in the face of parental disapproval, Lutyens married Lady Emily Lytton, daughter of Edward Bulwer-Lytton (the 1st Earl of Lytton), a former Viceroy of India, on 4 August 1897 at Knebworth, Hertfordshire. They had five children but the union was largely unsatisfactory, practically from the start. The Lutyens' marriage quickly deterioriated, with Lady Emily turning her interest to theosophy and Eastern religions and a fascination -- emotional and philosophical -- with the guru Jiddu Krishnamurti. Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, 1st Baron Lytton (May 25, 1803 - January 18, 1873) was an English novelist, playwright, and politician. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Knebworth is a village in the north of Hertfordshire, England. ... Hertfordshire (pronounced Hartfordshire and abbreviated as Herts) is an inland county in the United Kingdom, officially part of the East of England Government region. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...

The couple's daughter Elisabeth Lutyens (1906-1983) became a well-known composer; another daughter, Mary Lutyens, became a writer known for her books about Krishnamurti. Download high resolution version (1643x722, 363 KB)Lutyens plans for the Ferry Inn, Rosneath This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... (Agnes) Elisabeth Lutyens (July 9, 1906–April 14, 1983) was an English composer, one of the five children of architect Sir Edwin Lutyens. ...

In the later years of his life, Luytens suffered with several bouts of pneumonia. In the early 1940s he was diagnosed with cancer. He died on New Year's Day in 1944. Pneumonia is an illness of the lungs and respiratory system in which the microscopic, air-filled sacs (alveoli) responsible for absorbing oxygen from the atmosphere become inflamed and flooded with fluid. ... // Events and trends World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ... When normal cells are damaged beyond repair, they are eliminated by apoptosis. ... For information on the movie, New Years Day, see New Years Day (film). ...

In 2004, the Indian Government announced that it was demolishing hundreds of private villas that were part of Lutyens' original scheme for New Delhi to make way for high-rise apartment blocks for the poor.

External links

• Web page about Edwin Lutyens (archINFORM database)
• The Lutyens Trust
• Jane Ridley, "Architect for the mteropolis", City Journal, Spring 1998