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Encyclopedia > Effective dose

In pharmacology an effective dose is the amount of drug that produces a therapeutic response in 50% of the people taking it. In radiation protection effective dose is an estimate of the stochastic effect that a non-uniform radiation dose to a human.

Contents

Radiation

Effective dose is used in radiation protection, to compare the stochastic risk of a non-uniform exposure of ionizing radiation, with the risks caused by a uniform exposure of the whole body. The stochastic risks are carcinogenesis and hereditary effects. It is not intended as a measure for acute or threshold effects of radiation exposure such as erythema, radiation sickness or death. Radiation protection, sometimes known as radiological protection, is the science of protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of radiation. ... Stochastic, from the Greek stochos or goal, means of, relating to, or characterized by conjecture; conjectural; random. ... Radiation hazard symbol. ... In medicine, an acute disease is a disease with either or both of: a rapid onset; a short course (as opposed to a chronic course). ... Erythema is an abnormal redness of the skin caused by capillary congestion. ... Radiation poisoning, also called radiation sickness, is a form of damage to organic tissue due to excessive exposure to ionizing radiation. ...


Effective dose equivalent is used to compare radiation doses on different body parts on an equivalent basis because radiation does not affect different parts in the same way. The effective dose (H) to an individual is found by calculating a weighted average of the equivalent dose (E) to different body tissues, with the weighting factors (W) designed to reflect the different radiosensitivities of the tissues: The equivalent dose is a measure of the radiation dose to tissue where an attempt has been made to allow for the different relative biological effect of different types of radiation. ...


H = ∑i Ei Wi


The unit for effective dose is the sievert (Sv). The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the SI derived unit of dose equivalent. ...


The International Commission on Radiological Protection provide guidance on the risk caused by radiation. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an advisory body providing recommendations and guidance on radiation protection; It was founded in 1928 by the International Society of Radiology (ISR) and was then called the ‘International X-ray and Radium Protection Committee’. Then it was restructured to better take account...


References

This no reason for the Patient to be able to smoke weed. They should just be given a muscle relaxing pill.

  • ICRP. ICRP Publication 60: 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Elsevier Science Pub Co (April 1, 1991). ISBN 0-08-041144-4.

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is an advisory body providing recommendations and guidance on radiation protection; It was founded in 1928 by the International Society of Radiology (ISR) and was then called the ‘International X-ray and Radium Protection Committee’. Then it was restructured to better take account...

Pharmacology

In pharmacology, effective dose is the minimal dose that produces the desired effect of a drug. The effective dose is often determined based on analysing the dose-response relationship specific to the drug. The dosage that produces a desired effect in half the test population is referred to as the ED-50, for "Effective dose, 50%". Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... Oral medication Caffeine is one of the most widely used psychoactive substances in the world. ... The Dose-response relationship describes the change in effect on an organism caused by differing levels of exposure (or doses) to a substance. ...


References


  Results from FactBites:
 
Effective dose at AllExperts (267 words)
Effective dose is a measure used in radiation protection to estimate the risk resulting from an exposure of ionizing radiation.
Effective dose n is the amount of radiation required to produce a certain effect in n% of a population.
Effective dose is used as a measure of the likelihood of stochastic effects of radiation exposure: carcinogenesis and hereditary effects.
Whole Body Scanning Using Computed Tomography (CT) - What are the radiation risks from CT? (896 words)
A CT examination with an effective dose of 10 millisieverts (abbreviated mSv; 1 mSv = 1 mGy in the case of x rays.) may be associated with an increase in the possibility of fatal cancer of approximately 1 chance in 2000.
The effective doses from diagnostic CT procedures are typically estimated to be in the range of 1 to 10 mSv.
Effective dose is evaluated in units of millisieverts (abbreviated mSv; 1 mSv = 1 mGy in the case of x rays.) Using the concept of effective dose allows comparison of the risk estimates associated with partial or whole-body radiation exposures.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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