Egon Orowan (in Hungarian Orován Egon) (August 2, 1901 — August 3, 1989) was an Hungarian/US physicist and metallurgist. Hungarian may refer to: Hungary or the Kingdom of Hungary. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 1989 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság) or Hungary (Magyarország) is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. ... US,Us or us may stand for the United States of America us, the oblique case form of the English language pronoun we. ... The word physicist should not be confused with physician, which means medical doctor. ... Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and of materials engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. ...

Life

Born in the Obuda district of Budapest, Orowan's father, Berthold, was a mechanical engineer and factory manager, and his mother, Josze Spitzer Ságvári, the daughter of an impoverished land owner. In 1928, Orowan commenced his education at the Technical University of Berlin in mechanical and electrical engineering but soon transfered to physics, completing his doctorate on the fracture of mica in 1932. He seems to have experienced some difficulty in finding immediate employment and spent the next few years living with his mother and ruminating on his doctoral research. Óbuda (sometimes is written in English as Obuda) was a historical city in Hungary. ... Budapest (pronounced BOO-dah-pesht, IPA ), the capital city of Hungary and the countrys principal political, industrial, commercial and transportation centre, has more than 1. ... Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. ... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Central Institute for Modern Languages at the Technical University The Technical University of Berlin (TUB, TU Berlin, German: Technische Universität Berlin) is located in Berlin in Germany. ... Mechanical engineering is the application of physical principles to the creation of useful devices, objects and machines. ... Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline that deals with the study and application of electricity and electromagnetism. ... Physics (from the Greek, φυσικός (phusikos), natural, and φύσις (phusis), nature) is the science of nature in the broadest sense. ... A fracture is the separation of a body into two, or more, pieces under the action of stress. ... rock with mica Mica sheet mica flakes The mica group of minerals includes several closely related materials having highly perfect basal cleavage. ... 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ...

In 1934, Orowan, roughly contemporarily with G. I. Taylor and Michael Polanyi, realised that the plastic deformation of ductile materials could be explained in terms of the theory of dislocations developed by Vito Volterra in 1905. Though the discovery was neglected until after World War II, it was critical in developing the modern science of solid mechanics. 1934 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor (7 March 1886 - 27 June 1975) was a physicist, mathematician and expert on fluid dynamics and wave theory. ... Michael Polanyi (March 11, 1891 - February 22, 1976) was a Hungarian/ English polymath whose thought and work extended across physical chemistry, philosophy, theology and economics. ... In physics and materials science, plasticity is a property of a material to undergo a non-reversible change of shape in response to an applied force. ... Ductility is the physical property of being capable of sustaining large plastic deformations without fracture (in metals, such as being drawn into a wire). ... For the syntaxic operation, see Dislocation (syntax) For the medical term, see Dislocation (medicine) In materials science a dislocation is a linear crystallographic defect, or irregularity, in crystal structure. ... Vito Volterra (May 3, 1860 - October 11, 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, best known for his contributions to mathematical biology. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Solid mechanics (also known as the theory of elasticity) is a branch of physics, which governs the response of solid material to applied stress (e. ...

After working for a short while on the extraction of krypton from the air for the manufacture of light bulbs, in 1937 Orowan moved to the University of Birmingham, England where he worked on the theory of fatigue collaborating with Rudolf Peierls. For other meanings see Krypton (disambiguation) General Name, Symbol, Number krypton, Kr, 36 Chemical series Noble gases Group, Period, Block 18 (VIIIA), 4 , p Density, Hardness 3. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Birmingham is the oldest of three universities in the English city of Birmingham. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area  - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... In materials science, fatigue is a process by which a material is weakened by cyclic loading. ... Rudolf Ernst Peierls (1907, Berlin - 1995, Oxford) was a German-Born British physicist. ...

In 1939, he moved to the University of Cambridge where William Lawrence Bragg inspired his interest in x-ray diffraction. During World War II, he worked on problems of munitions production, particularly that of plastic flow during rolling. In 1944, he was central to the reappraisal of the causes of the tragic loss of many Liberty ships during the war, identifying the critical issues of the notch sensitivity of poor quality welds and the aggravating effects of the extreme low temperatures of the North Atlantic. 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world (after Oxford). ... William Lawrence Bragg William Lawrence Bragg (March 31, 1890 - July 1, 1971) was a physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1915. ... X-ray crystallography is a technique in crystallography in which the pattern produced by the diffraction of x-rays through the closely spaced lattice of atoms in a crystal is recorded and then analyzed to reveal the nature of that lattice. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Rolling is a fabricating process in which the metal, plastic, paper, glass, etc. ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... SS is one of only two surviving Liberty ships. ... Welding is a joining process that produces coalescence of materials (typically metals or thermoplastics) by heating them to welding temperature, with or without the application of pressure or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler material. ... For other uses, see Atlantic (disambiguation) The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ...

In 1950, he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where, in addition to continuing his metallurgical work, he developed his interests in geological and glacialogical fracture and in what he termed socionomy. In the latter study, Orowan developed the writings of the 14th century Tunisian historian Ibn Khaldun to forecast an eventual failure of market demand similar to that predicted by Karl Marx. His ideas found little acceptance among the majority of economists. 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... MIT redirects here. ... Geology (from Greek γη- (ge-, the earth) and λογος (logos, word, reason)) is the science and study of the Earth, its composition, structure, physical properties, history, and the processes that shape it. ... Glaciology is the study of glaciers, or more generally the study of ice and natural phenomena that involve ice. ... (13th century - 14th century - 15th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 14th century was that century which lasted from 1301 to 1400. ... The Tunisian Republic (الجمهرية التونسية), or Tunisia, is a Muslim Arab country situated on the North African Mediterranean coast. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The supply and demand model describes how prices vary as a result of a balance between product availability at each price (supply) and the desires of those with purchasing power at each price (demand). ... Karl Marx Karl Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was an influential German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary organizer of the International Workingmens Association. ... An economist is someone who studies Economics. ...

Throughout his life, he patented many inventions. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a government to an inventor or applicant for a limited amount of time (normally maximum 20 years from the filing date, depending on extension). ... In music, an invention is a short composition with two or three part counterpoint. ...

Honours

• Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, (1951)
• Member of the National Academy of Sciences, (1969);
• Eugene Bingham Medal of the American Society of Rheology, (1959);
• Gauss Medal of the Braunschweiger Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft, (1968);
• Vincent Bendix Gold Medal of the American Society of Engineering Education, (1971);
• Paul Bergse Medal of the Danish Metallurgical Society, (1973);
• The Acta Metallurgica Gold Medal, (1985).

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is an organization dedicated to scholarship and the advancement of learning, particularly in areas of political science. ... 1951 was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the United States is a government-established corporation supporting scientific research. ... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... 1959 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1968 was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). ... 1973 was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Biographical Memoir of the National Academy of Sciences (http://stills.nap.edu/html/biomems/eorowan.html)