The Trial of Adolf Eichmann were held in Israel in the early 1960s. In this Trial, Adolf Eichmann sentenced to death penalty that executed after Eichmann's appeal to the supreme court turned down. Adolf Eichmann, Germany 1940 Photo from United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Photo Archives. ...

Adolf Eichmann during his 1961 trial in Jerusalem.

Image of Adolf Eichmann during trial in Jerusalem. ... Image of Adolf Eichmann during trial in Jerusalem. ...

Capture

Throughout the 1950s many Jews and other victims of the Holocaust dedicated themselves to finding Eichmann and other Nazi war criminals. Among them was legendary Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal. In 1954, Wiesenthal's suspicions that Eichmann was in Argentina were sparked upon receiving a postcard from an associate who had moved to Buenos Aires. "I saw that dirty pig Eichmann," the letter read in part, "He lives near Buenos Aires and works for a water company". With this (and other) information collected by Wiesenthal, the Israelis had solid leads regarding Eichmann's whereabouts. Isser Harel, the then-head of Mossad (Israeli Secret Service), later claimed in an unpublished manuscript that Wiesenthal "'had no role whatsoever' in Eichmann's apprehension but in fact had endangered the entire Eichmann operation and aborted the planned capture of Auschwitz doctor Josef Mengele." (Schachter, Jonathan "Isser Harel Takes On Nazi-Hunter. Wiesenthal 'Had No Role' In Eichmann Kidnapping." The Jerusalem Post 7 May 1991) // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the height of the baby-boom from returning... A war crime is a punishable offense, under international law, for violations of the law of war by any person or persons, military or civilian. ... Nazi hunters are private individuals and groups who track down and gather information on fugitive Nazis and others so that they can be brought to justice for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the Holocaust. ... Simon Wiesenthal Simon Wiesenthal, honorary KBE, (31 December 1908 – 20 September 2005), was an Austrian-Jewish architectural engineer who became a Nazi hunter after surviving the Holocaust. ... Buenos Aires (Good Airs in Spanish, originally meaning Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest cities in South America. ... Isser Harel (January, 1912 — 18 February 2003) was spymaster of the intelligence and the security services of Israel and head of the Mossad (1952 - 1963). ... Official seal of the Mossad   Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim? (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Assignments) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Josef Mengele Dr. Josef Mengele, Ph. ...

Also instrumental in exposing Eichmann's identity was Lother Hermann, a half-Jewish worker who fled to Argentina from Germany following his incarceration in the Dachau concentration camp. By the 1950s, Hermann had settled into life in Buenos Aires with his family; daughter Sylvia became acquainted with the Eichmann family and romantically involved with Klaus, the oldest Eichmann son. Due to Klaus's boastful remarks about his father's life as a Nazi and direct responsibility for the Holocaust, Hermann knew he had struck gold in 1957 after reading a newspaper report about German war criminals - of which Eichmann was one. Soon after, he sent Sylvia to the Eichmanns' home on a fact-finding mission. She was met at the door by Eichmann himself, and after unsuccessfully asking for Klaus, she inquired as to whether she was speaking to his father. Eichmann confirmed this fact. Excited, Hermann soon began a correspondence with Fritz Bauer, chief prosecutor for the West German state of Hesse, and provided details about Eichmann's person and life. Bauer knew Germany, served by former employees of the Nazi regime, would do little to serve justice to Eichmann. He contacted Israeli officials, who worked closely with Hermann over the next several years to learn about and formulate a plan to capture Eichmann. SS Chief Heinrich Himmler inspects the Dachau concentration camp (1936) The Dachau concentration camp was a Nazi German concentration camp near the city of Dachau, north of Munich, in southern Germany. ... Concentration camp inmates during the Holocaust The Holocaust was Nazi Germanys systematic genocide (ethnic cleansing) of various ethnic, religious, national, and secular groups during World War II. Early elements include the Kristallnacht pogrom and the T-4 Euthanasia Program established by Hitler that killed some 200,000 people. ... Fritz Bauer, born on July 16, 1903 in Stuttgart, Germany -- died on July 1, 1968 in Frankfurt am Main, was a German judge and prosecutor. ... In countries adopting the common law adversarial system or the civil law inquisitorial system, the prosecutor is the chief legal representative of the prosecution. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ... With an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants, Hesse (German: Hessen) is one of Germanys sixteen federal states (Bundesländer). ...

In 1960, the Mossad discovered that Eichmann was in Argentina and began an effort to locate his exact whereabouts when through relentless surveillance, it was confirmed that Ricardo Klement was, in fact, Adolf Eichmann. The Israeli government then approved an operation to capture Eichmann and bring him to Jerusalem for trial as a war criminal. He was kidnapped (against international law) by a team of Mossad agents on May 11, 1960, as part of a covert operation. He was flown aboard an El Al jet from Argentina to Israel on May 21, 1960. 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Official seal of the Mossad   Ha-Mossad le-Modiin ule-Tafkidim Meyuhadim? (Hebrew: המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, Institute for Intelligence and Special Assignments) is an Israeli intelligence agency, commonly referred to as Mossad. ... Jerusalem (31°46′ N 35°14′ E; Hebrew:   יְרוּשָׁלַיִם [?]; Yerushalayim; Arabic:   القُدس[?] al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Covert operations are military or political activities that are not only clandestine (undertaken in a manner that disguises the identity of the perpetrators) but also covert, i. ... Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

For some time the Israeli government denied involvement in Eichmann's capture, claiming that he had been taken by Jewish volunteers. Eventually, however, the pretense was dropped, and then prime minister David Ben Gurion announced Eichmann's capture to the Knesset (Israel's national legislature) on May 25, 1960, receiving a standing ovation in return. Isser Harel, head of the Mossad at the time of the operation, wrote a book about Eichmann's capture entitled The House on Garibaldi Street; some years later a member of the capture team, Peter Malkin, authored Eichmann in my Hands, a book that contains fascinating insights into Eichmann's character and motivations but whose veracity has been attacked. The Knesset (כנסת, Hebrew for assembly) is the Parliament of Israel. ... Isser Harel (January, 1912 — 18 February 2003) was spymaster of the intelligence and the security services of Israel and head of the Mossad (1952 - 1963). ... Peter Malkin was an Israeli secret agent. ...

Trial

Eichmann in a bulletproof glass booth during the open trial.

His trial in front of an Israeli court in Jerusalem started on February 11, 1961. He was indicted on 15 criminal charges, including charges of crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization. As part of Israeli criminal procedure, his trial was presided over by three judges instead of a jury. Gideon Hausner, the Israeli attorney general, personally acted as chief prosecutor. Eichmann in bulletproof glass booth during the open trial This work is copyrighted. ... Eichmann in bulletproof glass booth during the open trial This work is copyrighted. ... Jerusalem (31°46′ N 35°14′ E; Hebrew:   יְרוּשָׁלַיִם [?]; Yerushalayim; Arabic:   القُدس[?] al-Quds; see also names of Jerusalem) is an ancient Middle Eastern city of key importance to the religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. ... February 11 is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is in need of attention. ... This article can be confusing for some readers, and needs to be edited for clarity. ... Gideon Hausner ( Israel, 1915 – 1990), the legal adviser of the Israeli Government, was the main prosecutor at the war crimes trial of Adolf Eichmann in 1961. ...

The trial caused huge international controversy as well as an international sensation. The Israeli government deliberately fuelled the sensation by allowing news programs all over the world to broadcast the trial live without any restrictions. Television viewers saw a nondescript man sitting in a bulletproof glass booth while witnesses, including many Holocaust survivors, testified against him and his role in transporting victims to the extermination camps. During the whole trial, Eichmann insisted that he was only "following orders." Bulletproof glass is usually transparent material, such as polycarbonate thermoplastic (i. ... Children survivors of the Holocaust before their liberation The Holocaust is the name applied to the systematic state-sponsored persecution and genocide of various ethnic, religious and political groups during World War II by Nazi Germany and its collaborators. ...

Convicted on all counts, Eichmann was sentenced to death on December 15, 1961, and was hanged a few minutes after midnight on June 1, 1962, at Ramla prison, the only civil execution ever carried out in Israel. His body was cremated and ashes scattered at sea, so that no nation would serve as Adolf Eichmann's final resting place. December 15 is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Hanging is a form of execution, or a method for suicide. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. ... 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... Ramla (Hebrew רמלה Ramlāh; Arabic الرملة ar-Ramlah, colloquial Ramleh), is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ...