NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Eihaz

Eihwaz (Ihwaz; *īhaz or *īwaz) was a Proto-Germanic word for "yew", and the reconstructed name of the rune ᛇ. The rune survives in the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc as ᛇ Ēoh "yew" (note that eoh "horse" has a short diphtong). Map of the Pre-Roman Iron Age culture(s) associated with Proto-Germanic, c. ... Binomial name Taxus baccata L. Taxus baccata is a conifer native to western, central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Asia. ... A rune can mean a single character in the Runic alphabet as well as an inscription of several runic charcters or symbols. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ... Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the e-rune Ɇ, meaning horse (cognate to Latin equus). ...

It is commonly transliterated as ï or æ, or, in reconstructions of Proto-Germanic, ē₂. Its phonetic value at the time of the invention of the Futhark (2nd century) was not necessarily a diphthong, but possibly a vowel somewhere between IPA [i] and [e], or [æ], continuing PIE *ei. Transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another. ... The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... IPA may refer to: The International Phonetic Alphabet or India Pale Ale ... The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, believed to have been spoken around 4000 BC in Central Asia (according to the Kurgan hypothesis) or millennia before that in Anatolia (according to the Anatolian hypothesis). ...

Two variants of the word are reconstructed for Proto-Germanic, *īhaz (*ē₂haz, PIE *eikos), continued in Old English as ēoh (also īh) , and *īwaz (*ē₂waz, PIE *eiwos), continued in Old English as īw (whence yew). The latter is possibly an early loan from the Celtic, compare Gaulish ivos, Old Irish ēo. The common spelling of the rune's name, "Eihwaz", combines the two variants, strictly building on the Old English evidence, a spelling "Eihaz" would be more proper. Note: This article contains special characters. ...

The Anglo-Saxon rune poem has: The rune poems list the letters of a runic alphabet with a short verse characterizing each one. ...

In the Younger Futhark, there is the R-rune ᛦ Yr "yew", but neither its shape nor its sound is related to the Eihwaz rune: it is, rather, a continuation of Algiz. Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ...

The rune is sometimes associated with the World tree Yggdrasil, which, imagined as an ash in Norse mythology, may formerly have been a yew or an oak. The Proto-Germanic for "oak" was *aiks (PIE *aigs, likely cognate to Greek krat-aigon) is continued the name of another Futhorc rune, ᚪ ac, which has, however, no Elder Futhark predecessor. In certain Indo-European religions there was a belief in a world tree, such as Yggdrasil, in Norse mythology, an Oak in Slavic mythology and in Hinduism, a banyan tree. ... This illustration shows a 19th century attempt to visualize the world view of the Prose Edda. ... Species Many, see text. ... Norse or Scandinavian mythology comprises the pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, including those who settled on Iceland, where the written sources for Norse mythology were assembled. ... Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus, and some related genera, notably Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus. ... Species See text. ...

The rune is not to be confused with the Sowilo rune, which has a somewhat similar shape.
The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ...

Category: Runes Younger Futhark inscription on the Vaksala Runestone The Runic alphabets are a set of related alphabets using letters known as runes, formerly used to write Germanic languages, mainly in Scandinavia and the British Isles, but before Christianization also on the European Continent. ... The 24 runes of the Elder Futhark The Elder Futhark (or Elder FuÃ¾ark, Older Futhark, Old Futhark) are the oldest form of the runic alphabet, used by Germanic tribes for Proto-Norse and other Migration period Germanic dialects of the 2nd to 8th centuries for inscriptions on artefacts (jewellery... The Fe rune ᚠ represents the f-sound. ... The rune áš¢ representing the sound u is called Ur in all three rune poems, however with different meanings: Norwegian áš¢ er af illu jarne; Dross comes from bad iron; the reindeer often races over the frozen snow. ... The rune expressing the is called Thurs (Ãžurs giant, see Jotun) in the Icelandic and Norwegian rune poems: In Anglo-Saxon England, the same rune was called Thorn and it survives as the letter Ãž. The corresponding Gothic letter, , is called Ã¾iuÃ¾. This lack of agreement makes it difficult to reconstruct... The a-rune , Younger Futhark was probably named after the Ã†sir, in Proto-Germanic *Ansuz. ... RaidÃ´ ride, journey is the suggested Proto-Germanic name of the r-rune of the Elder Futhark áš±. The name is attested for the same rune in all three rune poems, Norwegian RÃ¦iÃ° Icelandic ReiÃ°, Anglo-Saxon Rad, as well as for the corresponding letter of the Gothic alphabet ð‚ r... The k-rune ᚲ (Younger Futhark ᚴ, Anglo-Saxon Futhorc ᚳ) is called Kaun in both the Norwegian and Icelandic rune poems, meaning ulcer. The reconstructed Proto-Germanic name is Kaunan. ... Gyfu is the name for the g-rune ᚷ in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, meaning gift or generosity: ᚷ Gyfu gumena byþ gleng and herenys, wraþu and wyrþscype and wræcna gehwam Generosity brings credit and honour, which support ones dignity; it furnishes help and subsistence to all broken... Wynn () (also spelled Wen) is a letter of the old English alphabet. ... Haglaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the h-rune Ɇ, meaning hail (the precipitation). ... Naudiz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the n-rune ᚾ, meaning need, distress. In the Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, it is continued as ᚾ nyd, in the Younger Futhark as ᚾ, Icelandic naud, Norse naudhr. ... Isaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the i-rune ᛁ, meaning ice. In the Younger Futhark it is called Iss in Icelandic and isa in Norse. ... Jāra or Jēra harvest, (good) year is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the j-rune ᛃ. ... á›ˆ is the rune denoting the sound p in the Old Futhark runic alphabet, in the Anglo-Saxon rune poem named peorÃ°. It does not appear in the Younger Futhark. ... Algiz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic name for the ᛉ rune, representing Proto-Germanic final z. ... The Trundholm Sun Chariot pulled by a horse is believed to be a sculpture illustrating an important part of Nordic Bronze Age mythology. ... Tyr rune The t-rune á› is named after Tyr, and was identified with this god. ... Berkanan is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the b-rune ᛒ, meaning birch. In the Younger Futhark it is called bjarken in Icelandic and bjarkan in Norse. ... Ehwaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the e-rune Ɇ, meaning horse (cognate to Latin equus). ... Mannaz or Manwaz is the Proto-Germanic term for man, in the gender-neutral sense of person, human being. The word developed into Old English man, mann human being, person, (c. ... Laguz Laguz or Laukaz is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic name of the l-rune á›š, laguz meaning water or lake and laukaz meaning leek. In the Anglo-Saxon rune poem, it is called lagu ocean. In the Younger Futhark it is called lÃ¶gr waterfall in Icelandic and logr water in... Yngvi, Ingui or Ing appears to have been the older name for the god Freyr, which meant lord. In Scandinavian mythology, Yngvi, alternatively Yngve, was the progenitor of the Yngling lineage, a legendary dynasty of Swedish kings from whom the earliest historical Norwegian kings in turn claimed to be descended... In Norse mythology, Dagr (modern Scandinavian: Dag, modern Icelandic: Dagur) was the god of the daytime, a son of Delling (god of twilight) and Nott (goddess of night). ... The Odal rune. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... Technical note: Due to technical limitations, some web browsers may not display some special characters in this article. ... The rune poems list the letters of a runic alphabet with a short verse characterizing each one. ... A rune stone Rune stones are somewhat flat standing stones with runic stone carvings from the Iron Age (Viking Age) and early middle ages found in most parts of Scandinavia. ... Runology is the study of the Runic alphabets and inscriptions. ...