74-year-old Eileen Chang holding a newspaper which reports the death of Kim Il-sung

Eileen Chang (Traditional Chinese: 張愛玲; Simplified Chinese: 张爱玲; pinyin: Zhāng Àilíng) (September 30, 1920 – found dead September 8, 1995) was a Chinese writer. She had also used the pseudonym Liang Jing (梁京), which is almost unknown. Her works frequently deal with the tensions between men and women in love. Image File history File links A01. ... Kim Il-sung (15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994) was the leader of North Korea from its founding in 1948 until his death, when he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong-il. ... Traditional Chinese characters are one of two standard character sets. ... Simplified Chinese characters (Simplified Chinese: 简体字; Traditional Chinese: 簡體字; pinyin: jiÇŽntǐzì; also called 简化字/簡化字, jiÇŽnhuàzì) are one of two standard character sets of printed contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音; Pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n), also known as scheme of the Chinese phonetic alphabet (Simplified Chinese: 汉语拼音方案; Traditional Chinese: 漢語拼音方案; Pinyin: HànyÇ” PÄ«nyÄ«n fāngàn), while pin means spell(ing) and yin means sound(s)), is a system of romanization (phonemic notation... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 92 days remaining. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The term writer can apply to anyone who creates a written work, but the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ...

Early life

Born in Shanghai on September 30, 1920, to a renowned family, Eileen Chang's paternal grandfather Zhang Peilun was a son-in-law to Li Hongzhang, an influential Qing court official. Chang was named Zhang Ying (张瑛) at birth. Her family moved to Tianjin in 1922, where she started school at the age of four. Shanghai (Chinese: 上海; pinyin: ; Shanghainese: ), situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta in East China, is Chinas largest city by population. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 92 days remaining. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January January 3 - Babe Ruth is traded by the Boston Red Sox to the New York Yankees for $125,000, the largest sum ever paid for a player at that time. ... Li Hongzhang (February 15, 1823 – November 7, 1901) was a Chinese general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire of the Great Qing... (Chinese: 天津; Pinyin: TiānjÄ«n; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China. ... 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

When Chang was five, her birth mother left for the United Kingdom after her father took in a concubine. Change became addicted to opium. Although she did return four years later, following his promise to quit the drug and split with the concubine, a divorce could not be averted. Chang's unhappy childhood in the broken family probably gave her later works their pessimistic overtone. A swampy marsh area ... Opium is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). ...

The family moved back to Shanghai in 1928. Two years later, Chang was renamed Eileen (her Chinese first name, Ailing, was actually a transliteration of Eileen) in preparation for her entry into the Saint Maria Girls' School. 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Transliteration is a mapping from one system of writing into another. ...

During her secondary education, Chang was already deemed a genius in literature. Her writings were published in the school magazine. In 1939, she was accepted into the University of Hong Kong to study Literature. She also received a scholarship to study in the University of London, though the opportunity had to be given up due to the ongoing Pacific War. Hong Kong fell to the Empire of Japan on December 25, 1941. The Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong would last until 1945. Old book bindings at the Merton College library. ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The University of Hong Kong (zh-hk: 香港大學, zh-cn: 香港大学, Jyutping: hoeng1 gong2 daai6 hok6; pinyin: Xiānggǎng Dàxué; abbreviated as HKU and 港大, sometimes called as Kong U) is an English-speaking university. ... The University of London is a federation of colleges and institutes which together constitute one of the worlds largest universities. ... US landings in the Pacific, 1942–1945 The Pacific War was the part of World War II that occurred in the Pacific Ocean, its islands, and in East Asia, 1937 to 1945. ... Official language Japanese Capital Tokyo Area 7. ... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... The Japanese prostitutes of Hong Kong began when the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Mark Young, surrendered to Japan on 25 December 1941 after 18 days of fierce fighting. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

Chang had left occupied Hong Kong for her native Shanghai. She fed herself with what she was best at - writing. It was during this period when some of her most acclaimed works, including Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (倾城之恋) and Jin Suo Ji (金锁记), were penned.

First marriage

Chang met her first husband Hu Lancheng (胡兰成) in 1943 and married him in the following year. She loved him dearly, despite his being already married as well as labelled a traitor to the Japanese. When Japan was defeated in 1945, Hu escaped to Wenzhou, where he fell in love with yet another woman. When Chang traced him to his refuge, she realized she could not salvage the marriage. They finally divorced in 1947. Hu Lancheng (Traditional Chinese: 胡蘭成; Simplified Chinese: 胡兰成; pinyin: Hú Lánchéng) (1906 – 1981) was a Chinese writer, editor, and was married to the novelist Eileen Chang from 1943 to 1947. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Wenzhou (Simplified Chinese: 温州; Traditional Chinese: 溫州; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a prefecture-level city with a population of 873,000 in southeastern Zhejiang province, Peoples Republic of China. ... 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ...

Life in the United States

In 1952, Chang migrated back to Hong Kong, where she worked as a translator for the American News Agency for three years. She then left for the United States in the fall of 1955, never to return to Mainland China again. 1952 (MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: 中国大陆; Traditional Chinese: 中國大陸; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Dàlù; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is an informal (disputed — see talk page) geographical term which is usually synonymous with the area...

In New York, Chang met her second husband, the American scriptwriter Ferdinand Reyer, whom she married in August 1956. Reyer was paralyzed after he was hit by strokes in 1961, while Chang was on a trip to Taiwan, and eventually died in 1967. After Reyer's death, Chang held short-term jobs at Radcliffe College and UC Berkeley. Official language(s) None, English de facto Capital Albany Largest city New York City Area  Ranked 27th  - Total 54,520 sq mi (141,205 km²)  - Width 285 miles (455 km)  - Length 330 miles (530 km)  - % water 13. ... This list is poorly defined, permanently incomplete, or has become unverifiable or an indiscriminate list or repository of loosely associated topics. ... 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (the link is to a full 1961 calendar). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Radcliffe College is the historical name of a womens educational institution closely associated with Harvard University. ... The University of California, Berkeley (also known as Cal, UC Berkeley, UCB, or simply Berkeley) is a prestigious, public, coeducational university situated in the foothills of Berkeley, California to the east of San Francisco Bay, overlooking the Golden Gate and its bridge. ...

Chang relocated to Los Angeles in 1973. Two years later, she completed the English translation of The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (海上花列傳, literally The Biography of Hai Shang Hua), a celebrated Qing novel in the Wu dialect by Han Bangqing 韓邦慶, 1856-1894. She became increasingly reclusive in her later years. Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire of the Great Qing...

Chang was found dead in her apartment on September 8, 1995, by her Iranian-American landlord. Her death certificate states the immediate cause of her death to be Arteriosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). According to her will, she was cremated without any open funeral and her ashes were released to the Pacific Ocean. September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Iranian-Americans (sometimes called Persian-Americans) are Americans of Iranian descent, including those who are expatriates in exile or permanent immigrants. ...

Works

• 《秧歌》
• 《赤地之戀》
• 《流言》
• 《怨女》
• 《傾城之戀-張愛玲短篇小說集之一》
• 《第一爐香-張愛玲短篇小說集之二》
• 《半生緣》
• 《張看》
• 《紅樓夢魘》
• 《海上花開-國語海上花列傳一》
• 《海上花落-國語海上花列傳二》
• 《惘然記》
• 《續集》
• 《餘韻》
• 《對照記》
• 《同學少年都不賤》
• 《愛默森選集》

Works in English Translation

• "The Golden Cangue" (金锁记) is found in Modern Chinese Stories and Novellas, 1919-1949 (ed. Joseph S M Lau et al.) HC ISBN 0231042027 PB ISBN 0231042035
• Naked Earth (tr. of 赤地之戀) Hong Kong: Union Press, 1956.
• The Rice Sprout Song: a Novel of Modern China (tr. of 秧歌 by the author) HC ISBN 0520214374, PB ISBN 0520210883
• The Rouge of the North ( tr. of 怨女) HC ISBN 0520214382 PB 0520210875
• Traces of Love and Other Stories PB ISBN 962-7255-22-X
• The Sing-song Girls of Shanghai (Eileen Chang's tr. of Han Bangqing's novel) ISBN 0231122683
• Written on Water (tr. of 流言 by Andrew Jones) ISBN 0231131380

Bibliography

Chang's main works put on screen include:

• Tao hua yun (1959) ("The Wayward Husband")
• Liu yue xin niang (1960) ("The June Bride")
• Xiao er nu (1963) ("Father takes a Bride")
• Yi qu nan wang (1964)
• Qing Cheng Zhi Lian (1984) (倾城之恋, Love in a Fallen City)
• Yuan Nu (1988)
• Hong Meigui Yu Bai Meigui (1994) (红玫瑰与白玫瑰, The Red Rose and the White Rose)
• Ban Sheng Yuan (1997) (半生缘, Yuan of Half a Life, also known as Eighteen Springs)
• Jin Suo Ji (金锁记, The Golden Cangue)

1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1960 calendar). ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal. // Events January Bill Clinton January 1 : North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) goes into effect. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

• List of Chinese authors

// Chronological list Antiquity, Qin, Han and pre-Tang dynasties 屈原 Qu Yuan (340 ? -278 ? BC) 宋玉 Song Yu (3rd century BC) 司馬遷 Sima Qian (145- ? BC) 司馬相如 Sima Xiangru (179-117 BC) 班固 Ban Gu (32-92) 張衡 Zhang Heng (78-139) 曹操 Cao Cao (155-220) 曹丕 Cao Pi (187-226) 曹植 Cao Zhi (192-232) 嵇康 Xi Kang...

External links

• The Birthday of Eileen Chang
• Death certificate of Eileen Chang
• Collected drawings of Eileen Chang, Shanghai 1936-1946 in mini-tofu#7