Einstein and Szilárd's patent application.

The "Einstein Refrigerator" is a type of refrigerator co-invented in 1926 by Albert Einstein and former student Leó Szilárd, who were awarded U.S. Patent 1,781,541  on November 11, 1930. The machine is a single-pressure absorption refrigerator, similar in design to the gas absorption refrigerator. The refrigeration cycle uses ammonia (pressure-equalizing fluid), butane (refrigerant), and water (absorbing fluid). It has been claimed that the Einstein refrigerator is portable, made of inexpensive, nonmoving parts, operates silently, and is very reliable. However, ammonia leaks caused problems among the earlier models, and whether it can cool things adequately is unknown. Download high resolution version (640x1024, 63 KB)Einstein Refrigerator The text of U.S. patents is in the public domain [1]. Patent illustrations may be copyrighted, but U.S. patent regulations explicitly require applicants to allow the facsimile reproduction by any­one of the patent document or the patent disclosure... Download high resolution version (640x1024, 63 KB)Einstein Refrigerator The text of U.S. patents is in the public domain [1]. Patent illustrations may be copyrighted, but U.S. patent regulations explicitly require applicants to allow the facsimile reproduction by any­one of the patent document or the patent disclosure... Fridge redirects here. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... “Einstein” redirects here. ... Leó Szilárd (February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964 Originally Szilárd Leó) was a Jewish Hungarian-American physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and worked on the Manhattan Project. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that utilizes a heat source to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling system rather than being dependent on electricity to run a compressor. ... For other uses, see Ammonia (disambiguation). ... Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. ... A refrigerant is a compound used in a heat cycle that undergoes a phase change from a gas to a liquid and back. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

Einstein undertook this invention as a way of helping along his former student. He used the knowledge he had acquired during his years at the Swiss Patent Office to get valid patents for the invention in several countries. The refrigerator was not immediately put into commercial production, but rights to use the patents were sold to companies such as Electrolux of Sweden, and the funds obtained supported Szilárd for several years. Electrolux manufactures a similar Gas-absorption refrigerator design invented by Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters in 1922 under the brand name Dometic. This article is about the current worldwide manufacturer of Electrolux products. ... The absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that utilizes a heat source to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling system rather than being dependent on electricity to run a compressor. ... Baltzar von Platen ( 1898- 1984) together with Carl Munters was the inventor of the gas absorption refrigerator in 1922 while they were both Swedish engineering students at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. ... Carl Georg Munters (1897–1989), born 22 March 1897 in Dala-Järna, Kopparbergs län, Sweden, died in 1989. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Dometic was formerly a subsidiary of Electrolux specialising in small refridgerators. ...

See also

• Refrigeration
• Refrigeration cycle
• Rudolf Goldschmidt (for the Einstein-Goldschmidt hearing aid)
• Icy Ball

Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space, or from a substance, and rejecting it elsewhere for the primary purpose of lowering the temperature of the enclosed space or substance and then maintaining that lower temperature. ... A refrigeration cycle describes the changes that take place to a refrigerant in absorbing heat and subsequently radiating it as it is circulated around a refrigerator. ... Rudolf Goldschmidt (March 19, 1876, Neubukow, Mecklenburg - 1950, London) was a German engineer and inventor. ... Crosley Icy Ball Cold side ball on left, hot side ball on right. ...

External links

• How kerosene fridge works[1].

References

• Dannen, Gene. "The Einstein-Szilard Refrigerator". Scientific American. January 1997. 6 pages.
• Einstein, A., L. Szilard, "Refrigeration" (Appl: 16 December 1927; Priority: Germany, 16 December 1926) U.S. Patent 1,781,541 , 11 November 1930.
• Einstein, A., L. Szilard, "Accompanying notes and remarks for Pat. No. 1,781,541". Mandeville Special Collections Library USC. Box 35, Folder 3, 1927; 52 pages.
• Einstein, A., L. Szilard, "Improvements Relating to Refrigerating Apparatus." (Appl: 16 December. 1927; Priority: Germany, 16 December 1926). Patent Number 282,428 (United Kingdom). Complete accept.: 5 November 1928.

is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 350th day of the year (351st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Delano, Andrew, "Design Analysis of the Einstein Refrigeration Cycle". Georgia Institute of Technology. June 1998.
• Goettling, Gary "[2]". Completed project that works.
• Flanigan, Allen, "History and Philosophy of Science (German site) Wolfgang Engels from the University Oldenburg rebuilt the original concept— the housing is manufactured out of concrete, i.e. the total mass of the completed apparatus is around 400 kg and 20 kg alcohol in the refrigeration cycle. The project was completed in 2005.
• Patent document US1781541 (European Patent Office)
• Patent document GB282428 (European Patent Office)