Directly-elected mayors (elected by the general electorate as opposed to by borough councils) were introduced into England in the 1990s and 2000s. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the late 1980s and shortly after the year 2000. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

London

The Greater London Authority Act 1999 first introduced the principle of a directly elected London Mayor under universal suffrage into England. The first election was in 2000, and former leader of the abolished Greater London Council, Ken Livingstone, won as an independent. However, the position is a strategic regional one, and quite different to that of local authority Mayors. The Greater London Authority Act 1999 (1999 c. ... The Mayor of London is an elected politician in London, United Kingdom, who heads the Greater London Authority and is responsible for budgeting and strategic planning of some governmental functions across the whole of the region of London. ... The first election to the office of Mayor of London took place on May 4, 2000. ... Arms of the Greater London Council The Greater London Council (GLC) was the top-tier local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986. ... Ken Livingstone Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born June 17, 1945), is an English politician who has been the Mayor of London since the creation of the post in 2000. ... The region, also known as Government Office Region, is currently the highest tier of local government subnational entity of England in the United Kingdom. ... A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger,greater) is in modern times the title of the highest ranking municipal officer, who discharges certain judicial and administrative functions, in many systems an elected politician, who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of municipalities. ...

Mayors of local authorities

Most Mayors in the UK are ceremonial figures whose only real power is to chair sessions of their Councils. In 2000 the Labour government led by Tony Blair passed the Local Government Act 2000 which introduced the option of directly elected mayors for local authorities in England and Wales. In the United Kingdom, the office of Mayor or Lord Mayor (Provost and Lord Provost in Scotland) had long been ceremonial posts, with little or no duties attached to it. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the UK Labour Party, and Member of the UK Parliament for the constituency of Sedgefield in North East England. ... The principal purposes of the Local Government Act 2000 are: to give powers to local authorities to promote economic, social and environmental well-being within their boundaries to require local authorities to shift from their traditional committee-based system of decision-making to an executive model, possibly with a directly...

The Act ended the previous committee-based system, where functions were exercised by committees of the council, and produced three distinct methods of local authority administration (and the opportunity for the Government to define more by secondary legislation). All three separated the decision-making Executive function from backbench councillors and created opportunities for overview and scrutiny processes. A committee is a (relatively) small group that can serve one of several functions: Governance: in organizations too large for all the members to participate in decisions affecting the organization as a whole, a committee (such as a Board of Directors) is given the power to make decisions. ... Delegated legislation (sometimes referred to as secondary legislation or subordinate legislation) is law made by ministers under powers given to them by parliamentary acts (primary legislation) in order to implement and administer the requirements of the acts. ... A backbencher is a Member of Parliament or a legislature who does not hold governmental office and is not a Front Bench spokesperson in the Opposition. ... Overview and Scrutiny is a function of local authorities in England and Wales. ...

The title Lord Mayor of London refers only to the City of London within the greater city, while within Stoke-on-Trent the title Lord Mayor refers to the chair of Council and is a separate post to that of Elected Mayor. It may be, however, that if other cities whose mayor has the right to bear the title Lord Mayor adopted an Elected Mayoral model of governance, they would grant the tite of Lord Mayor to their Elected Mayor. Coat of arms The City of London is a small area in Greater London. ... This page is about Stoke-on-Trent in England. ... Councillor Patrick (Pat) John Stannard, Lord Mayor of Oxford (2004). ...

Several districts in England now have directly-elected mayors with real powers and an advisory cabinet to assist them. The changes were encouraged by the central government but usually required local request and ratification by referendum. Referendums (or referenda) are only occasionally held by the government of the United Kingdom. ...

This system had been considered by the previous government, and former Environment Secretary Michael Heseltine had been a proponent of it. [1] Michael Heseltine walks out of the cabinet meeting having resigned, January 9, 1986 Michael Ray Dibdin Heseltine, Baron Heseltine, CH, PC (born 21 March 1933) is a British Conservative politician and businessman. ...

Twelve districts now have directly-elected mayors. Some of the mayoral elections were initially won by independents, notably in Hartlepool where the election was won by a man in a monkey suit on a campaign of free bananas for schools, Stuart Drummond; and in Middlesbrough, where it was won by former police officer Ray Mallon who left the local Police Force to stand for election. Having receded somewhat as an issue after 2002 it has now moved up the political agenda, following positive reports of mayors' performance under the new system and recent Labour gains in several mayoralties. In February 2006, the Labour-leaning Institute for Public Policy Research published a report calling for elected mayors in Birmingham and Manchester, which was positively received by the government though not in the two city councils concerned. Hartlepool (pronounced HART-le-pool) is a town and North Sea port in North East England. ... This article refers to the politician Stuart Drummond, for the English footballer, please see Stuart Drummond (footballer) Stuart Drummond is the first directly-elected mayor of Hartlepool, County Durham, North East England. ... This is the article on the town, for the article on the football club see Middlesbrough F.C. Statistics Population: 142,691 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: NZ495201 Administration District: Middlesbrough Region: North East England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: North Yorkshire Historic county: North... Ray Mallon is the directly-elected Mayor of Middlesbrough in England. ... The Institute for Public Policy Research is a think tank in the United Kingdom, with close links to the ruling Labour Party. ... The city from above Centenary Square. ... Manchester is a major city in North West England, historically notable for being the worlds first industrialised city, and its subsequent central role in the Industrial Revolution. ...

In October 2005, Torbay elected their first elected mayor, [2], who is the only Conservative directly-elected mayor in the country at the moment. Torbay is an east facing bay at the western most end of Lyme Bay in the south west of England, situated roughly midway between the cities of Exeter and Plymouth. ...

There has been some public backlash about perceived excessive power of directly elected mayors. Campaigns are now under way in four of the twelve local authorities with directly elected mayors (Doncaster, Hartlepool, Lewisham and Stoke-on-Trent) to hold referendums to abolish the posts. [3]

In October 2006, the DCLG white paper Strong and prosperous communities proposed that in future the requirement for a referendum to approve the creation of an elected mayor for a council area be dropped in favour of a simple resolution of the council following community consultation. It also proposed the direct election of council cabinets where requested and that the mayor and council manager system in Stoke-on-Trent be reformed into a conventional mayor and cabinet system, it having being the only English council to adopt that system [4]. The Department for Communities and Local Government is a United Kingdom government department. ... A white paper is an authoritative report; a government report outlining policy; or a document whose purpose is to educate industry customers or collect leads for a company. ...

Powers of local authority mayors

A local authority elected mayor has similar powers to the Executive Committee in a Leader and Cabinet model local authority. These can be described as 'exclusive' powers and as 'codecision' powers and are defined in the |Local Government (Functions and Responsibilities) (England) Regulations 2000.

Codecision powers are those which the Mayor shares with the Council and consist of the power to make the local authority's Annual Budget and its Policy Framework Documents. These are: Annual Library Plan; Best Value Performance Plan; Children's Services Plan; Community Care Plan; Community Strategy; Crime and Disorder Reduction Strategy; Early Years Development Plan; Education Development Plan; Local Development Framework; and the Youth Justice Plan.

In order to amend or reject a Mayor's proposals for any of the Budget and Policy Framework Documents, their Council must resolve to do so by a two-thirds majority. This is again from secondary legislation, in this case the |Local Government (Standing Orders) (England) Regulations 2001. Delegated legislation (sometimes referred to as secondary legislation or subordinate legislation) is law made by ministers under powers given to them by parliamentary acts (primary legislation) in order to implement and administer the requirements of the acts. ...

Exclusive powers are less easy to define, because they consist of all the powers which are granted to a local authority by Act of Parliament except those defined as codecision powers or as 'not to be the responsibility of an authority's Executive'. This latter is a highly limited list (including quasi-judicial decisions on planning and licensing, and certain ceremonial, employment and legal decisions). In Westminster System parliaments, an Act of Parliament is a part of the law passed by the Parliament. ...

An Elected Mayor (in a Mayor and Cabinet system) also has the power to appoint up to 9 Councillors as members of a cabinet and to delegate powers to them as individuals, to the Mayor and Cabinet committee, or to subcommittees of the Mayor and Cabinet committee. In practice, the Mayor remains personally accountable, so most Mayors have chosen to delegate to a very limited extent - if at all.

Protecting the British tradition of independent civil service has led to the interesting situation where the apparent introduction of separation of powers has led only from the transfer of powers from one elected branch (the Council) to another (the Mayor). The separation of powers (or trias politica, a term coined by French political enlightenment thinker Montesquieu) is a model for the governance of democratic states. ...

Local authorities in Britain remain administered by a permanent staff of Chief Officers led by a Chief Executive, who are politically neutral bureaucrats whose powers remain unaffected by the introduction of an Elected Mayor (though obviously the policies they are required to implement may change). Senior Officers continue to be appointed by a politically representative committee of Councillors (and more junior Officers by the Senior Officers) and the Mayor may not attempt to influence the decision as to who is appointed (except within the committee as a member of the committee). Chief Executive may refer to: Chief Executive of Hong Kong Chief Executive of Macau Chief Executive Officer This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In order to maintain the professional and political independence of the staff, the Mayor (or any other member of the Council) may not personally direct any member of staff. Changing the direction of an authority may only be made through a formal decision making process and then only on the basis of official Reports put together by Officers.

Accordingly, an Elected Mayor cannot really be accurately characterised as an Executive Mayor as exists in parts of the US and certain other countries, but more as a semi-Executive. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning larger,greater) is in modern times the title of the highest ranking municipal officer, who discharges certain judicial and administrative functions, in many systems an elected politician, who serves as chief executive and/or ceremonial official of many types of municipalities. ...

List of directly-elected mayors

Currently there are thirteen directly elected Mayors in England (including the Mayor of London).

Ex-mayors are: Bedford is a local government district and borough in the East of England. ... Non-metropolitan districts (usually just called Districts) are local government sub-divisions of English Counties. ... Frank Branston is the mayor of the borough of Bedford in Bedfordshire, England. ... Doncaster is a metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England. ... A Metropolitan Borough (or Metropolitan District) is a type of local government district in England, covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. ... Martin Winter is the current mayor of Doncaster. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... Greater London is the top level administrative subdivision covering London, England. ... The region (sometimes known as Government Office Region) is currently the highest level of local government in England. ... Ken Livingstone Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born June 17, 1945), is an English politician who has been the Mayor of London since the creation of the post in 2000. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... Hackney Town Hall was built in the 1930s for the old Metropolitan Borough. ... The administrative area of Greater London contains 32 London Boroughs, of which 12 (plus the City of London) make up Inner London and 20 Outer London. ... Jules Pipe is the first directly-elected mayor of the London Borough of Hackney. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... Hartlepool (pronounced HART-le-pool) is a town and North Sea port in North East England. ... A unitary authority is a type of local authority, which has a single tier and is responsible for all local government functions within its area. ... This article refers to the politician Stuart Drummond, for the English footballer, please see Stuart Drummond (footballer) Stuart Drummond is the first directly-elected mayor of Hartlepool, County Durham, North East England. ... now. ... Steve Bullock (born 1954) is the first directly-elected mayor of the London Borough of Lewisham (since 2002). ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... Mansfield is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. ... Tony Egginton is the directly elected mayor of the Mansfield district in Nottinghamshire, England. ... This is the article on the town, for the article on the football club see Middlesbrough F.C. Statistics Population: 142,691 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: NZ495201 Administration District: Middlesbrough Region: North East England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: North Yorkshire Historic county: North... Ray Mallon is the directly-elected Mayor of Middlesbrough in England. ... Newham Town Hall in East Ham (E6) Logo on the roadside at sunset The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in East London, England. ... Sir Robin Wales is in local government in London and a Labour Party politician. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the North East of England, part of the Tyne and Wear urban area centred on Newcastle and formerly part of Northumberland. ... John Harrison is the current mayor of North Tyneside Council, North Tyneside, England. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... This page is about Stoke-on-Trent in England. ... Mark Joseph Meredith, born 21 August 1965, Pyenest Street, Shelton, in Stoke-on-Trent, was elected to the position of Executive Mayor of Stoke-on-Trent Unitary Authority on 5 May 2005. ... The Labour Party has been, since its founding in the early 20th century, the main democratic socialist[1] political party in the United Kingdom. ... Torbay is an east facing bay at the western most end of Lyme Bay in the south west of England, situated roughly midway between the cities of Exeter and Plymouth. ... Nicholas Bye is a Conservative politician in the United Kingdom. ... The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative & Unionist Party) is currently the second largest political party in the United Kingdom in terms of sitting Members of Parliament (MPs), and the largest in terms of public membership. ... Watford is a town and district in Hertfordshire, England and is situated 27 km (17 miles) northwest of central London and within the bounds of the M25 motorway. ... The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal political party based in the United Kingdom. ...

• Linda Arkley, North Tyneside (2003-2005).
• Chris Morgan North Tyneside (May 2002-April 2003).
• Mike Wolfe, Stoke-on-Trent (October 2002-May 2005).

Linda Arkley was the Conservative mayor of North Tyneside until her defeat in 2005 by Labour candidate John Harrison. ... Chris Morgan was the Conservative mayor of North Tyneside from his election in May 2002 until he resigned in April 2003. ... Mike Wolfe was the elected mayor of Stoke on Trent from 2002, until coming fourth out of eight in his bid for re-election in May 2005 where a record 9,600 people defaced their ballot papers. ...

Mayoral referendums

To date there have been 34 referendums on whether to establish an elected Mayor in English local authorities. 12 have been passed and 22 rejected by the voters.

To cause a referendum, the normal procedure is for the Council to request it, which has happened in 22 cases. In 12, the voters themselves have requested a referendum by petition and in one (Southwark) central Government forced the holding of a referendum.

The majority of these were held between June 2001 and May 2002 - a further seven have been held since. 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...

"Yes" majority shown in green, "No" majority shown in red.

Source: |Electoral Commission; Ceredigion County Council

Berwick-upon-Tweed is a local government district and borough in Northumberland in the north_east of England, on the border with Scotland. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Cheltenham (or Cheltenham Spa) is a spa town and borough in Gloucestershire, England, near Gloucester and Cirencester. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Gloucester (pronounced ) is a city and district in south-west England, close to the Welsh border. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Watford is a town and district in Hertfordshire, England and is situated 27 km (17 miles) northwest of central London and within the bounds of the M25 motorway. ... July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Doncaster is a metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England. ... September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... ... October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... The City of Sunderland is a metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of Tyne and Wear in North East England. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Brighton & Hove is a unitary authority and city in East Sussex on the south coast of England. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Hartlepool (pronounced HART-le-pool) is a town and North Sea port in North East England. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... now. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... This is the article on the town, for the article on the football club see Middlesbrough F.C. Statistics Population: 142,691 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: NZ495201 Administration District: Middlesbrough Region: North East England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: North Yorkshire Historic county: North... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... North Tyneside is a metropolitan borough in the North East of England, part of the Tyne and Wear urban area centred on Newcastle and formerly part of Northumberland. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Sedgefield is a local government district and borough in County Durham, in north-east England. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Church Green and St. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Durham is a local government district and city in County Durham. ... November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... // The London Borough of Harrow is a London borough of outer northwest London. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Plymouth is a city in the southwest of England, or alternatively the Westcountry, and is situated within the traditional county of Devon. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Harlow is a local government district and new town in Essex, United Kingdom. ... January 24 is the 24th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Newham Town Hall in East Ham (E6) Logo on the roadside at sunset The London Borough of Newham is a London borough in East London, England. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The London Borough of Southwark is a London borough in London, England. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... West Devon is a local government district and borough in Devon, England. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Shepway is a local government district in Kent, England. ... January 31 is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Bedford is a local government district and borough in the East of England. ... February 21 is the 52nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Hackney Town Hall was built in the 1930s for the old Metropolitan Borough. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Mansfield is a local government district in Nottinghamshire, England. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Newcastle-under-Lyme is a local government district with borough status in Staffordshire, England. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Oxford is a city and local government district in Oxfordshire, England, with a population of 134,248 (2001 census). ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Stoke-on-Trent is a city in Staffordshire in the West Midlands region of England. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Corby is an industrial town and a local government district located 8 miles north of Kettering in Northamptonshire, England. ... October 1 is the 274th day of the year (275th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The London Borough of Ealing is a London borough in the west of the city. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... For other uses please see Ceredigion (disambiguation) Ceredigion is a county in Wales. ... May 20 is the 140th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (141st in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Isle of Wight is an English island and county, off the southern English coast, to the south of the county of Hampshire. ... May 5 is the 125th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (126th in leap years). ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Fenland is a local government district in Cambridgeshire, England. ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Torbay is an east facing bay at the western most end of Lyme Bay in the south west of England, situated roughly midway between the cities of Exeter and Plymouth. ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Crewe and Nantwich is one of six local government districts in the administrative county of Cheshire, England. ... May 4 is the 124th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (125th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Wales and Scotland

Although Wales is included in the legislation, only one Welsh authority, Ceredigion, has gone down this route and the proposal was rejected in a referendum. Motto: (Welsh for Wales forever) Anthem: Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau Capital Cardiff Largest city Cardiff Official language(s) English, Welsh Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Rhodri Morgan AM Unification    - by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1056  Area    - Total 20,779 km² (3rd in... For other uses please see Ceredigion (disambiguation) Ceredigion is a county in Wales. ...

The Act does not apply in Scotland and the Scottish Parliament has chosen to reform local government instead by introducing the Single Transferrable Vote electoral system. Motto: , traditionally rendered in Scots as Wha daur meddle wi me?[1] and in English as No one provokes me with impunity. ... The Scottish Parliaments logo in English and Gaelic. ... The local government of Scotland is organised into 32 unitary authorities covering the mainland and islands of Scotland. ... The Single Transferable Vote, or STV, is a preference voting system designed to minimise wasted votes in multi-candidate elections while ensuring that votes are explicitly for candidates rather than party lists. ...

External links

• NLGN mayoral pages (inc. FAQ)
• Arguments for elected mayors
• Arguments against elected mayors