Brazil

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Brazil Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Brazil. ... Politics of Brazil takes place in a framework of a federal presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Brazil is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Constitution National Congress Federal Senate Chamber of Deputies President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva Vice President: José Alencar Supreme Federal Tribunal Political Parties in Brazil Elections in Brazil Gun referendum 2006 general States Governors Human Rights Foreign Relations

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Brazil elects on the national level a head of state – the president – and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. The National Congress (Congresso Nacional) has two chambers. The Chamber of Deputies (Câmara dos Deputados) has 513 members, elected for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Federal Senate (Senado Federal) has 81 members, elected for an eight-year term, with elections every four years for alternatively one-third and two-third of the seats. Brazil has a multi-party system, with numerous parties in which often no one party has a chance of gaining power alone, and so must work with each other to form coalition governments. Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ... In its present configuration, the Brazilian Senate (Portuguese: Senado Federal) is a federal legislative body and the upper house of the National Congress of Brazil. ... The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The first president of Brazil was Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the republic in a military coup detât against the Emperor Dom Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two dictatorships and three democratic periods. ... Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born October 6, 1945) is a left-wing Brazilian politician. ... Category: ... The Vice-President and Minister of Defense José Alencar. ... The Supreme Federal Tribunal (in Portuguese Supremo Tribunal Federal, or simply STF) is the highest court of law of the Federative Republic of Brazil. ... This article lists political parties in Brazil. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In 2006, Brazil held general elections in two rounds. ... Brazil is divided into twenty-six estados (states; singular estado) and one district, the Distrito Federal (Federal District) which contains the capital city, Brasília. ... This is a list of the current governors of the States of Brazil. ... There are serious issues in regard to abuses of human rights in Brazil. ... Traditionally, Brazil has been a leader in the inter-American community and has played an important role in collective security efforts, as well as in economic cooperation in the Western Hemisphere. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... Brazilian Presidential Standard The first president of Brazil was Deodoro da Fonseca, who proclaimed the republic in a military coup detât against the Emperor Dom Pedro II. Since then, Brazil had six constitutions, two dictatorships and three democratic periods. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ... The bicameral legislature of the United States is housed in a capitol building with two wings. ... The Chamber of Deputies of Brazil (Portuguese: Câmara dos Deputados) is a federal legislative body and the lower house of the National Congress of Brazil. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ... Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ... A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a cabinet in parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate. ...

The Brazilian voting machines

UE 2000 transparent prototype. Brazilian voting machine developed by Diebold-Procomp and used in the October 2000 general elections.

Brazil was the first country in the world to have fully electronic elections. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 525 pixel Image in higher resolution (1999 × 1311 pixel, file size: 596 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Voting machine Elections... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 525 pixel Image in higher resolution (1999 × 1311 pixel, file size: 596 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Voting machine Elections... Electronic voting machine by Diebold Election Systems used in all Brazilian elections and plebiscites. ...

Electronic voting was introduced to Brazil in 1996 (when the first tests were carried out in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil). The chief goal of the Brazilian voting machine is its extreme simplicity, attempting to be as straightforward as a public phone booth. 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Santa Catarina is a state in southern Brazil. ... For the 2002 movie, see Phone Booth (movie). ...

The Brazilian voting machines were firstly developed in 1996 by a Brazilian partnership formed by three companies OMNITECH (previously known as TDA), Microbase and Unisys do Brasil attending the TSE RFP for the Brazilian Elections in 1996. This machine was an IBM PC 80386 compatible adapted to perform as a voting machine, and was known as UE96. In 1998, Diebold-Procomp, Microbase and Samurai (formerly known as OMNITECH) teamed up to produce UE98. Again in 2000, Microbase and Diebold-Procomp developed UE2000 together. In 2000 Brazil achieved the first completely automated election. A voting machine is a device to record and register votes to be counted as per any voting system, with or without printing a ballot for the voter to verify. ... Unisys Corporation (NYSE: UIS), based in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware[2], is a global provider of information technology services and solutions. ... The abbreviation TSE can refer to: Tallinn Stock Exchange Tokyo Stock Exchange Toronto Stock Exchange, who changed their abbreviation to TSX Tehran Stock Exchange Terminal Server Edition Torque Shader Engine Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy Testicular self-examination Test of Spoken English This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that... For the electronic voting machines, see Diebold Election Systems An old Diebold safe. ...

The original operating system was VirtuOS, similar to the old DOS complemented with multi-tasking, developed and copyrighted by Microbase. It was used in 1996, 1998 and 2000. In 2002, Unisys was incapable to set a partnership with Microbase, and Microsoft provided the Windows CE operating system free of charge. In 2004, Diebold-Procomp decided to migrate to Linux as a cost reduction measure. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Linux (IPA pronunciation: ) is a Unix-like computer operating system family. ...

The Brazilian voting machine accumulate the first three steps (elector identification, secret voting and results in each machine) in only one process, then it can eliminate the public documents which were considerate as fraud source. Therefore, there still remain some questions about the security of the electronic voting system, but no case of election fraud has yet been uncovered: Electoral fraud is the deliberate interference with the process of an election. ...

1. Critics argue that they do not produce a printed vote verified by the voter which would permit an audit of the vote-counting. This makes them highly dependent on the trusting of the software. The application program which verifies the internal integrity of the system is itself vulnerable to adulterations. [1] An inspection report of the City of Sto. Estevão, Bahia described the system of seals and closure of the box are simple and permitting access to the socket of the internal memory cartridge.[2][3]

2. It is not possible auditor the voting machine’s programs, because the Brazilian Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) doesn’t permit it. The Supreme Electoral court (Portuguese:Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Court. ...

3. There is the possibility to violate the voting, because the elector number is typed in one machine which is connected to the voting machine, but it is not possible to know that it means that it is the same name (person).

4. The political parties cannot check the final counts, because it is not possible to ask for the recount.

5. People working in the voting section can vote by absent electors.

6. Some electors can be manipulated during the voting, because they don’t know how to use the voting machine, so someone can tell them which number he or she should type.

The voting system has been widely accepted, due in great part to the fact that it speeds up the vote count tremendously. In the 1989 presidential election between Fernando Collor de Mello and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, the vote count required nine days. In the 2002 general election, the count required less than 12 hours. In some smaller towns the election results are known minutes after the closing of the ballots. Fernando Affonso Collor de Mello, pron. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Categories: | | ...

Supporters of the electronic vote claim that unless the fraud were intentionally designed into the machines, it would be impossible to carry an extensive fraud in such a small amount of time. However, security has always been an issue, and the Brazilian Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) regularly funds research aimed at improving it. The source code to the voting software is proprietary and the public is not able to examine it. In order to be able to recount the votes, a printing system has been developed and a new elector's registration system is planned. The Supreme Electoral court (Portuguese:Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Court. ...

Brazil lends the machines to other countries for elections as well. They have been used in Paraguay and Ecuador and there are plans to export the patented machines. A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee (the inventor or assignee) for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which...

Brazilian Supreme Electoral Court (TSE) is testing a new machine which has a digital screen, so the electors just have to put three fingerprints which will recognize them. It will make more difficult to fraud the voting for the absents. However, the National Congress of Brazil has to approve a law to determine the elector re-register, because then they will register their finger printers in the Electoral Court computers. The goal is to have this law totally approved until July, 2008, so the election in 2012 will be in this new system. The Supreme Electoral court (Portuguese:Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) is the highest body of the Brazilian Electoral Court. ... Brazils bicameral National Congress (Portuguese: Congresso Nacional) consists of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. ...

History

List of elections held from 1945

• Brazilian legislative election, 1945
• Brazilian legislative election, 1947
• Brazilian legislative election, 1950
• Brazilian legislative election, 1954
• Brazilian legislative election, 1958
• Brazilian legislative election, 1962
• Brazilian legislative election, 1966
• Brazilian legislative election, 1970
• Brazilian legislative election, 1974
• Brazilian legislative election, 1978
• Brazilian legislative election, 1982
• Brazilian legislative election, 1986
• Brazilian legislative (Senate) election, 1987
• Brazilian presidential election, 1989
• Brazilian legislative election, 1990
• Brazilian legislative (Senate) election, 1991
• Brazilian general election, 1994
• Brazilian general election, 1998
• Brazilian general election, 2002
• Brazilian general election, 2006

Database of Brazilian elections Political database of the Americas This Brazil-related article is a stub. ... The Brazilian general elections of 1998 resulted in the re-election of Fernando Henrique Cardoso. ... Categories: | | ... In 2006, Brazil held general elections in two rounds. ... The Democratic Social Party (PDS) was established in 1979 as a continuation of the National Renewal Alliance, the party which supported the 1965-79 Brazilian dictatorship, at a time in which the country turned to be a democracy. ... The Reform Progressive Party (PPR) was a Brazilian party, formed by the fusion of the Democratic Social Party (PDS) and the Christian Democratic Party (PDC) in 1993. ... The Progressive party is a right-wing Brazilian party embracing liberal-conservatism. ... The Liberal Front Party (Partido da Frente Liberal) is a political party in Brazil. ... The Liberal Party (Portuguese: Partido Liberal) is a political party of Brazil. ... The Brazilian Labour Party (PTB) (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro) is a right-wing political party based on clientelism that arose in Brazil in 1945 and today forms part of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silvas government. ... The PRN or National Reconstruction Party (Partido da Reconstrução Nacional) was a social liberal (center-right) political party in Brazil (or economic liberal or neoliberal or conservative for its critics). ... The Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (Portuguese: Partido do Movimento Democrático Brasileiro, PMDB) is the successor of the Brazilian Democratic Movement. ... The Brazilian Social Democracy Party (Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira) is a political party in Brazil. ... Wikinews has news related to this article: Category:Political crisis in Brazil The Partido dos Trabalhadores (Portuguese for Workers Party) is a left-wing political party in Brazil. ... The late President of PSB Miguel Arraes. ... For alternative meanings, see Democratic Labour Party The Democratic Labour Party (PDT) (Partido Democrático Trabalhista) is a left-wing political party in Brazil. ... The Socialist Peoples Party (Portuguese: Partido Popular Socialista, PPS) is a political party in Brazil. ... The Brazilian Green Party (in Portuguese, Partido Verde - PV) was constituted after the military dictatorship period and, like other Green Parties arround the world, is committed to establishing an whole set of policies on ensuring social-democracy and sustainable development. ...

Referenda

Brazil has held three national referenda in its history. In the first, held on January 6, 1963, the people voted for the re-establishment of the presidential system of government (82% of valid ballots), which had been modified by a constitutional amendment in 1961. A second referendum, as ordered by the Federal Constitution of 1988, was held on April 21, 1993, when the voters voted for a republican form of government and reaffirmed the presidential system.

A third national referendum, on the prohibition of the commerce of personal firearms and ammunition, was held on October 23, 2005. The ban proposal was rejected by the electorate (No: 64%; Yes: 36%). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

See also

• Electoral calendar
• Electoral system

This electoral calendar lists the national/federal direct elections in the countries listed in the list of countries. ...

External links

• Adam Carr's Election Archive
• Simulated voting machine (Portuguese) Courtesy of the Brazilian Supreme Electoral Court website. (Java required)
• Brief history of electronic voting in Brazil
• Brazil: The Perfect Electoral Crime (II) (Security analysis of the Brazilian voting machines by James Burk, Oct. 21, 2006)