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Encyclopedia > Electrical potential of the reaction

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Electric potential differences in chemistry are often denoted by ΔE. Under standard conditions: 273ο Kelvin, 1 atm pressure or 1 Molar concentrations, the electric potential is denoted by ΔEο This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... Chemistry (in Greek: χημεία) is the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo. ... Temperature and air pressure can vary from one place to another on the Earth, and can also vary in the same place with time. ... Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that force in a given area. ... This page refers to concentration in the chemical sense. ...

Contents


Calculation

Standard conditions

You can calculate ΔEο in a Voltaic Cell by the following formula: Voltaic cell can connote: Galvanic cell Voltaic pile see also: battery (electricity), fuel cell This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...


ΔEοcell = ΔEοred(cathode) - ΔEοred(anode)


where ΔEοred is the standard electrode potential for reduction. There values can be found from almost any chemistry textbook. Please note that when you balance the equation and you flip over the oxidation half reaction, you do not change the sign of ΔEοred, the formula takes care of that! The standard electrode potential (abbreviated E0) is the electrode potential at the standard conditions: temperature 298K, 1 atm pressure and at 1 mol of the activity of redox participants of the half-reaction. ...


Non-standard conditions

When dealing with non-standard conditions(not 273ο Kelvin, 1 atm Pressure or 1 Molar concentrations) the cell potential can be calculated by the Nernst_equation. In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation gives the electrode potential (E), relative to the standard electrode potential, (E0), of the electrode couple or, equivalently, of the half cells of a battery. ...


See also


  Results from FactBites:
 
Electrochemistry Dictionary (11053 words)
In an unstirred solution, the potential will rise to the electrode potential of the reaction requiring the least amount of energy to proceed, and it will increase in time due to the concentration overpotential developing as the concentration of the reactant is exhausted at the electrode surface.
An electrode reaction is considered to be under “diffusion control” when the overall rate of the reaction is is controlled by the rate of the diffusion of the reactants to the electrode surface rather than the rate of the reaction itself.
In contrast, in the spontaneous electrochemical reaction in a galvanic cell the hydrogen is oxidized at the anode by transferring electrons to the anode and the oxygen is reduced at the cathode by accepting electrons from the cathode.
Electric potential - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (850 words)
Electric potential is the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field, also called the electrostatic potential, typically measured in volts.
The electric potential is therefore measured in units of energy per unit of electric charge.
The electric potential and the magnetic vector potential together form a four vector, so that the two kinds of potential are mixed under Lorentz transformations.
  More results at FactBites »


 
 

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