An electride is an ionic compound in which an electron is the anion.[1] The first electrides to be studied in depth were solutions of alkali metals in ammonia.[2] When sodium metal dissolves in ammonia, the result is a blue solution consisting of [Na(NH3)6]+ and solvated electrons. Such solutions are powerfully reducing, as demonstrated by their use in Birch Reductions. Evaporation of these blue solutions affords a mirror of Na. Such solutions slowly lose their colour as the electrons reduce ammonia: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... e- redirects here. ... An anion is an ion with negative charge. ... The alkali metals are a chemical series. ... Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. ... Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. ... A reducing agent (also called a reductant or reducer) is the element or a compound in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction (see electrochemistry) that reduces another species. ... The Birch reduction is the organic reduction of aromatic rings by sodium in liquid ammonia invented by Arthur Birch. ...
[Na(NH3)6]+e- + NH3 → [Sodium amide|NaNH2] + H2
Addition of 2,2,2-cryptand to a solution of [Na(NH3)6]+e- affords [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]+e-. Evaporation of these solutions yields a blue-black paramagnetic salt with the formula [Na(2,2,2-crypt)]+e-. Such salts decompose above 240 K. In these salts, the electron is delocalized between the cations. Electrides are paramagnetic and Mott insulators. Cryptands (trade name Kryptofix) are a group of cyclic or polycyclic multidentate ligands that are used in the synthesis of other molecules and also have significant biological importance. ... Paramagnetism is the tendency of the atomic magnetic dipoles, due to quantum-mechanical spin, in a material that is otherwise non-magnetic to align with an external magnetic field. ... A Mott Insulator is a metal that naturally does not conduct electricity, however under certain conditions the metal can be made to conduct electricity. ...
References
J. L. Dye, M. J. Wagner, G. Overney, R. H. Huang, T. F. Nagy, and D. Tománek. Cavities and Channels in Electrides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118, 7329 (1996).
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