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The term electromagnetic pulse (EMP) has the following meanings: Image File history File links Broom_icon. ...

1. electromagnetic radiation from an explosion (especially a nuclear explosion) or an intensely fluctuating magnetic field caused by Compton-recoil electrons and photoelectrons from photons scattered in the materials of the electronic or explosive device or in a surrounding medium. The resulting electric and magnetic fields may couple with electrical/electronic systems to produce damaging current and voltage surges. See Electromagnetic bomb for details on the damages resulting to electronic devices. The effects are usually not noticeable beyond the blast radius unless the device is nuclear or specifically designed to produce an electromagnetic shockwave.
2. A broadband, high-intensity, short-duration burst of electromagnetic energy.

In the case of a nuclear detonation or an asteroid impact, most of the energy of the electromagnetic pulse is distributed in the frequency band between 3 Hz and 30 kHz.^{[citation needed]} Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ... It has been suggested that Nuclear explosive be merged into this article or section. ... In physics, a fluctuation is a variation in an extensive or intensive quantity, such as energy, density or voltage, from its spatial or temporal average. ... Magnetic field lines shown by iron filings In physics, a magnetic field is a solenoidal vector field in the space surrounding moving electric charges and magnetic dipoles, such as those in electric currents and magnets. ... In physics, Compton scattering or the Compton effect, is the decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of an X-ray or gamma ray photon, when it interacts with matter. ... e- redirects here. ... The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a surface (usually metallic) upon exposure to, and absorption of, electromagnetic radiation (such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation) that is above the threshold frequency particular to each type of surface. ... In modern physics the photon is the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena. ... Scattering is a general physical process whereby some forms of radiation, such as light, sound or moving particles, for example, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by one or more localized non-uniformities in the medium through which it passes. ... A transmission medium is any material substance, such as fiber-optic cable, twisted-wire pair, coaxial cable, dielectric-slab waveguide, water, or air, that can be used for the propagation of signals, usually in the form of modulated radio, light, or acoustic waves, from one point to another. ... In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. ... Voltage spikes are fast, short duration surges (overvoltages) in the electric potential in a given circuit. ... An electromagnetic bomb or E-bomb is a weapon designed to disable electronics on a wide scale with an electromagnetic pulse. ... It has been suggested that Nuclear explosive be merged into this article or section. ... In physics, intensity is a measure of the time-averaged energy flux. ... For other uses, see Pulse (disambiguation). ... FreQuency is a music video game developed by Harmonix and published by SCEI. It was released in November 2001. ...

Practical considerations

The mechanism for a 400 km high altitude burst EMP: gamma rays hit the atmosphere between 20–40 km altitude, ejecting electrons which are then deflected sideways by the earth's magnetic field. This makes the electrons radiate EMP over a massive area. Because of the curvature of earth's magnetic field over the USA, the maximum EMP occurs south of the detonation and the minimum occurs to the north.

The worst of the pulse lasts for only a second, but any unprotected electrical equipment — and anything connected to electrical cables, which act as giant lightning rods or antennae — will be affected by the pulse. Older, vacuum tube (valve) based equipment is much less vulnerable to EMP; Soviet Cold War–era military aircraft often had avionics based on vacuum tubes. There are a number of websites that explore methods for protecting equipment in the home or business from the effects of an EMP attack. ^{[citation needed]} Image File history File links Download high resolution version (618x729, 37 KB) Summary Colored version of illustrations from the 1994 U.S. Army report ADA278230, Nuclear Environment Survivability. The mechanism is for a 400 km high altitude burst EMP: gamma rays hit the atmosphere between 20-40 km altitude, ejecting... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (618x729, 37 KB) Summary Colored version of illustrations from the 1994 U.S. Army report ADA278230, Nuclear Environment Survivability. The mechanism is for a 400 km high altitude burst EMP: gamma rays hit the atmosphere between 20-40 km altitude, ejecting... An example of a standard, pointed-tip air terminal A lightning rod (or lightning protector) is a metal strip or rod, usually of copper or similar conductive material, used as part of lightning safety to protect tall or isolated structures (such as the roof of a building or the mast... A Yagi-Uda beam antenna Short Wave Curtain Antenna (Moosbrunn, Austria) A building rooftop supporting numerous dish and sectored mobile telecommunications antennas (Doncaster, Victoria, Australia) An antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive radio waves which are a class of electromagnetic waves. ... Structure of a vacuum tube diode Structure of a vacuum tube triode In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube, or (outside North America) thermionic valve or just valve, is a device used to amplify, switch or modify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space. ... Soviet redirects here. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

It is important to note that many nuclear detonations have taken place using bombs dropped by aircraft. The aircraft that delivered the atomic weapons at Hiroshima and Nagasaki did not fall out of the sky due to damage to their electrical or electronic systems. This is simply because electrons (ejected from the air by gamma rays) are stopped quickly in normal air for bursts below 10 km, so they do not get a chance to be significantly deflected by the Earth's magnetic field (the deflection causes the powerful EMP seen in high altitude bursts), but it does point out the limited use of smaller burst altitudes for widespread EMP.^{[citation needed]} The Japanese city of Hiroshima ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the ChÅ«goku region of western HonshÅ«, the largest of Japans islands. ... Nagasaki ) ( ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ... e- redirects here. ... The magnetosphere shields the surface of the Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind. ...

If the B-29 planes had been within the intense nuclear radiation zone when the bombs exploded over Hiroshima and Nagasaki, then they would have suffered effects from the charge separation (radial) EMP. But this only occurs within the severe blast radius for detonations below about 10 km altitude. EMP disruptions were suffered aboard KC-135 photographic aircraft flying 300 km from the 410 kt Bluegill and 410 kt Kingfish detonations (48 and 95 km burst altitude, respectively) in 1962 [1], but the vital aircraft electronics then were far less sophisticated than today and did not crash the aircraft. The Boeing B-29 Superfortress (Boeing Model 341/345) was a four-engine heavy bomber flown by the United States Army Air Force. ... Photoinduced charge separation is the process of an electron in an atom being excited to a higher energy level and then leaving the atom to a nearby electron acceptor. ... The Boeing KC-135 Stratotanker is an aerial refueling tanker aircraft, first manufactured in 1956 and expected to remain in service into the 2020s. ... Pacific Ocean detonation Operation Dominic I and II was a series of 105 nuclear test explosions conducted in 1962 and 1963 by the United States. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Several major factors control the effectiveness of an EMP weapon. These are:

1. The altitude of the weapon when detonated;
2. The yield of the weapon;
3. The distance from the weapon when detonated;
4. Geographical depth or intervening geographical features.

Beyond a certain altitude a nuclear weapon will not produce any EMP, as the gamma rays will have had sufficient distance to disperse. In deep space or on worlds with no magnetic field (the moon or Mars for example) there will be little or no EMP. This has implications for certain kinds of nuclear rocket engines. See Project Orion.
// The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy discharged when the weapon is detonated, expressed usually in the equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene (TNT), either in kilotons (thousands of tons of TNT) or megatons (million of tons of TNT), but sometimes also in terajoules (1 kiloton of... An artists conception of the NASA reference design for the Project Orion spacecraft powered by nuclear propulsion. ...

Weapon altitude

How the peak EMP on the ground varies with the weapon yield and burst altitude. Note that the yield here is the prompt gamma ray output measured in kilotons. This varies from 0.115–0.5% of the total weapon yield, depending on weapon design. The 1.4 Mt total yield 1962 Starfish Prime test had an output of 0.1%, hence 1.4 kt of prompt gamma rays. (The blue 'pre-ionisation' curve applies to certain types of thermonuclear weapon, where gamma and x-rays from the primary fission stage ionise the atmosphere and make it electrically conductive before the main pulse from the thermonuclear stage. The pre-ionisation in some situations can literally short out part of the final EMP, by allowing a conduction current to immediately oppose the Compton current of electrons.)

According to an internet primer published by the Federation of American Scientists^[1] Image File history File links High_altitude_EMP2. ... Image File history File links High_altitude_EMP2. ... The debris fireball stretching along Earths magnetic field [1] with air-glow aurora as seen at 3 minutes from a KC-135 surveillance aircraft The flash created by the explosion as seen through heavy cloud cover from Honolulu 1,300 km away Another view of Starfish Prime through thin... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ... In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... Ionisation can be: the process of creating an ion, see ionization a piece of music by Edgar Varèse; see Ionisation (Varèse) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Federation of American Scientists (FAS)[1] is a non-profit organization formed in 1945 by scientists from the Manhattan Project who felt that scientists, engineers and other innovators had an ethical obligation to bring their knowledge and experience to bear on critical national decisions. ...

A high-altitude nuclear detonation produces an immediate flux of gamma rays from the nuclear reactions within the device. These photons in turn produce high energy free electrons by Compton scattering at altitudes between (roughly) 20 and 40 km. These electrons are then trapped in the Earth's magnetic field, giving rise to an oscillating electric current. This current is asymmetric in general and gives rise to a rapidly rising radiated electromagnetic field called an electromagnetic pulse (EMP). Because the electrons are trapped essentially simultaneously, a very large electromagnetic source radiates coherently.

The pulse can easily span continent-sized areas, and this radiation can affect systems on land, sea, and air. The first recorded EMP incident accompanied a high-altitude nuclear test over the South Pacific and resulted in power system failures as far away as Hawaii. A large device detonated at 400–500 km (250 to 312 miles) over Kansas would affect all of CONUS. The signal from such an event extends to the visual horizon as seen from the burst point.

Thus, for equipment to be affected, the weapon needs to be above the visual horizon. Because of the nature of the pulse as a large, long, high powered, noisy spike, it is doubtful that there would be much protection if the explosion were seen in the sky just below the tops of hills or mountains. The circumstances inside the bottom of deeper valleys may be different, and locations with a large mountain range in-between (such as the Rocky Mountains) likely have some protection.^{[citation needed]} Thus a weapon detonated high over Kansas might have only indirect effects on the US West Coast.^{[citation needed]} flux in science and mathematics. ... This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ... In modern physics the photon is the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena. ... e- redirects here. ... In physics, Compton scattering or the Compton effect, is the decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of an X-ray or gamma ray photon, when it interacts with matter. ... The magnetosphere shields the surface of the Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind. ... Oscillation is the periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure as seen, for example, in a swinging pendulum. ... Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. ... The electromagnetic field is a physical field that is produced by electrically charged objects and which affects the behaviour of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. ... Coherence is the property of wave-like states that enables them to exhibit interference. ... Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area  Ranked 43rd  - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 km²)  - Width n/a miles (n/a km)  - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km)  - % water 41. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The continental United States refers (except sometimes in U.S. federal law and regulations) to the largest part of the U.S. that is delimited by a continuous border. ... Horizon. ... Voltage spikes are fast, short duration surges in the electric potential in a given circuit. ... The Himalaya as seen from the International Space Station A mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by passes or rivers. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...

The altitude indicated above is greater than that of the International Space Station and many low Earth orbit satellites. Large weapons could have a dramatic impact on satellite operations and communications; smaller weapons have less such potential. “ISS” redirects here. ... A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit in which objects such as satellites are below intermediate circular orbit (ICO) and far below geostationary orbit, but typically around 350 - 1400 km above the Earths surface. ... An Earth observation satellite, ERS 2 In the context of spaceflight, satellites are objects which have been placed into orbit by human endeavor. ...

Weapon yield

Typical nuclear weapon yields quoted in such scenarios are in the range of 20 megatons. This is roughly 1,000 times the sizes of the weapons the United States used in Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. // The explosive yield of a nuclear weapon is the amount of energy discharged when the weapon is detonated, expressed usually in the equivalent mass of trinitrotoluene (TNT), either in kilotons (thousands of tons of TNT) or megatons (million of tons of TNT), but sometimes also in terajoules (1 kiloton of... The Japanese city of Hiroshima ) is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the ChÅ«goku region of western HonshÅ«, the largest of Japans islands. ... Nagasaki ) ( ) is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture in Japan. ...

Weapon distance

The major energy in an EMP is electromagnetic, and radiates out from the point of detonation in a sphere. EMP is electromagnetic radiation. The intensity of these fields decreases in proportion to the circumference and distance from explosion. The actual amount of EMP energy deposited per unit area is entirely different, and that falls off as the inverse-square of distance. Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...

How the area affected depends on the burst altitude.

The range of deposition of gamma rays would be smaller for a surface burst because of the greater air density, which shields the initial gamma rays that cause the EMP. Conversely, for a burst at greater altitudes, the range of the deposition would be far greater than 10 miles, because the gamma rays could travel much further in the low density air before being stopped. The actual energy deposited per unit area, if emitted from an isotropic point source, is always governed by the inverse-square law. Image File history File links EMP_areas. ... Image File history File links EMP_areas. ... Look up point source in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

But the damaging effect of EMP is determined largely by the peak electric field (measured in volts/metre), which falls only inversely with distance. The amount of EMP energy passing through a unit of area is proportional to the square of the field strength. Within the range of gamma ray deposition, these simple laws no longer hold as the air is ionised and there are other EMP effects such as a radial (non-radiated) electric field due to the separation of Compton electrons from air molecules, and other complex phenomena. so its energy = 1/d^2 ʐIn physics, the field strength of a field is the magnitude of its vector (spatial) value. ... Ionisation can be: the process of creating an ion, see ionization a piece of music by Edgar Varèse; see Ionisation (Varèse) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse

A right front view of a Boeing E-4 advanced airborne command post (AABNCP) on the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator for the testing.

Non-nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NNEMP) is an electromagnetic pulse generated without use of nuclear weapons. There are a number of devices to achieve this objective, ranging from a large low-inductance capacitor bank discharged into a single-loop antenna or a microwave generator to an explosively pumped flux compression generator. To achieve the frequency characteristics of the pulse needed for optimal coupling into the target, wave-shaping circuits and/or microwave generators are added between the pulse source and the antenna. A vacuum tube particularly suitable for microwave conversion of high energy pulses is the vircator. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 750 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 2400 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 750 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 2400 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Boeing E-4B Nightwatch, formerly known as NEACP (National Emergency Airborne Command Post - pronounced Kneecap) and sometimes called NAOC (National Airborne Operations Center), is a Boeing 747-200 aircraft specially built to serve as a survivable mobile command post for the President of the United States of America during... Capacitors: SMD ceramic at top left; SMD tantalum at bottom left; through-hole tantalum at top right; through-hole electrolytic at bottom right. ... A cutaway view of a flux compression generator. ... In electronics and telecommunication, coupling is the desirable or undesirable transfer of energy from one medium, such as a metallic wire or an optical fiber, to another medium, including fortuitous transfer. ... A Yagi-Uda beam antenna Short Wave Curtain Antenna (Moosbrunn, Austria) A building rooftop supporting numerous dish and sectored mobile telecommunications antennas (Doncaster, Victoria, Australia) An antenna is a transducer designed to transmit or receive radio waves which are a class of electromagnetic waves. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Substubs ...

USS Estocin (FFG-15) moored near an Electro Magnetic Pulse Radiation Environmental Simulator for Ships I (EMPRESS I) facility. (Antennas at top of image)

NNEMP generators can be carried as a payload of bombs and cruise missiles, allowing construction of electromagnetic bombs with diminished mechanical, thermal and ionizing radiation effects and without the political consequences of deploying nuclear weapons. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 753 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 2388 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 753 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (3000 × 2388 pixel, file size: 2. ... USS Estocin (FFG-15), ninth ship of the Oliver Hazard Perry class of guided-missile frigates, was named for Captain John Michael Estocin (1931–1967). ... A Tomahawk cruise missile A cruise missile is a guided missile which uses a lifting wing and most often a jet propulsion system to allow sustained flight. ... An electromagnetic bomb or E-bomb is a weapon designed to disable electronics on a wide scale with an electromagnetic pulse. ...

NNEMP generators also include large structures built to generate EMP for testing of electronics to determine how well it survives EMP.^{[citation needed]} In addition, the use of ultra-wideband radars can generate EMP in areas immediately adjacent to the radar;^{[citation needed]} this phenomenon is only partly understood.^{[citation needed]}

Modern scenarios

Typical modern scenarios seen in news accounts speculate about the use of nuclear weapons by rogue states or terrorists in an attack on the United States. These typically involve weapons similar to those used over Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Aerial detonation would require the use of aircraft, or surface launched missiles of limited range (typically a range 100 to 300 miles). The scenarios have the detonations typically occurring within the earth's atmosphere, and likely relatively close to the ground (within a dozen or so miles). Rogue state is a term applied by some international theorists to states considered threatening to the worlds peace. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Akash Missile Firing French Air Force Crotale battery Bendix Rim-8 Talos surface to air missile of the US Navy A surface-to-air missile (SAM) is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. ...

This would limit the EMP effect because the altitude of the explosion would be much lower than that needed to be above the visual horizon of the entire United States. Also, the power of the weapons would typically be hundreds if not thousands of times smaller than optimum, and thus the effect would be significantly smaller than that of a larger weapon.

However, the EMP at a fixed distance from a nuclear weapon does not depend directly on the yield but at most only increases as the square root of the yield (see illustration above). This means that although a 10 kt weapon has only 0.7% of the total energy release of the 1.4 Mt Starfish Prime test, the EMP will be at least 8% as powerful. Since the EMP depends on the prompt gamma ray output, which was only 0.1% of yield in Starfish Prime but can be 0.5% of yield in pure fission weapons of low yield, a 10 kt bomb can easily be 5 x 8% = 40% as powerful as the 1.4 Mt Starfish Prime at producing EMP [2]. The debris fireball stretching along Earths magnetic field [1] with air-glow aurora as seen at 3 minutes from a KC-135 surveillance aircraft The flash created by the explosion as seen through heavy cloud cover from Honolulu 1,300 km away Another view of Starfish Prime through thin... The debris fireball stretching along Earths magnetic field [1] with air-glow aurora as seen at 3 minutes from a KC-135 surveillance aircraft The flash created by the explosion as seen through heavy cloud cover from Honolulu 1,300 km away Another view of Starfish Prime through thin... The debris fireball stretching along Earths magnetic field [1] with air-glow aurora as seen at 3 minutes from a KC-135 surveillance aircraft The flash created by the explosion as seen through heavy cloud cover from Honolulu 1,300 km away Another view of Starfish Prime through thin...

The total prompt gamma ray energy in a fission explosion is 3.5% of the yield, but in a 10 kt detonation the high explosive around the bomb core absorbs about 85% of the prompt gamma rays, so the output is only about 0.5% of the yield in kilotons. In the thermonuclear Starfish Prime the fission yield was less than 100% to begin with, and then the thicker outer casing absorbed about 95% of the prompt gamma rays from the pusher around the fusion stage. Thermonuclear weapons are also less efficient at producing EMP because the first stage can pre-ionise the air [3], which becomes conductive and hence rapidly shorts out the electron Compton currents generated by the final, larger yield thermonuclear stage. Hence, small pure fission weapons with thin cases are far more efficient at causing EMP than most megaton bombs. At the end of the 20th century, Thermonuclear has came to imply anything which has to do with fusion nuclear reactions which are triggered by particles of thermal energy. ... The debris fireball stretching along Earths magnetic field [1] with air-glow aurora as seen at 3 minutes from a KC-135 surveillance aircraft The flash created by the explosion as seen through heavy cloud cover from Honolulu 1,300 km away Another view of Starfish Prime through thin... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... In physics, Compton scattering or the Compton effect, is the decrease in energy (increase in wavelength) of an X-ray or gamma ray photon, when it interacts with matter. ...

A terrorist EMP attack might profoundly affect any major city; however, since the high cost of real estate and traffic issues, many major businesses have relocated valuable assets outside of major urban areas, and have taken other measures to protect themselves. Therefore, the long-term economic and technological impact of such an event might not be as grave as previously imagined, depending on the nature of the original attack. ^{[citation needed]} Crowded Shibuya, Tokyo shopping district An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ...

A common scenario is detonation of a device over the middle of the U.S. using long-range missiles available only to major military powers. An offshore detonation at high altitude, by contrast, would present less technical difficulty and would disrupt both an entire coast and regions hundreds of miles inland (e.g. 120 mile altitude, 1000 mile EMP radius). Moreover, a high altitude burst could be positioned over international waters by means of a missile of low accuracy, launched from a ship, also in international waters. North Korea, Iran, and Pakistan (for example) have Scud-derived missiles of more than adequate capability. The term electromagnetic pulse (EMP) has the following meanings: electromagnetic radiation from an explosion (especially a nuclear explosion) or an intensely fluctuating magnetic field caused by Compton-recoil electrons and photoelectrons from photons scattered in the materials of the electronic or explosive device or in a surrounding medium. ... For other uses, see Scud (disambiguation). ...

Popular culture

Main article: Electromagnetic pulse in fiction

Scenarios depicted in works of fiction, such as science fiction, where small weapons create gigantic effects are not completely accurate, often having been exaggerated for the purposes of artistic license and dramatic effect. Electromagnetic pulses have made many appearances in fictional media. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... The Artistic License is a software license used for certain free software packages, most notably the standard Perl implementation, most of CPAN modules and Parrot, which are dual-licensed under the Artistic License and the GNU General Public License (GPL). ...

In the cyberpunk sub-genre, EMP is often portrayed as a superweapon that distorts social order by destroying technological artifacts central to a society, or as a potent weapon against mechanical or robotic enemies. Berlins Sony Center reflects the global reach of a Japanese corporation. ... A superweapon is an extremely powerful weapon by the standards of its time and its scale. ... Social order is a concept used in sociology, history and other social sciences. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/emp.htm

See also

• High Energy Radio Frequency weapons (HERF)
• Explosively pumped flux compression generator
• Transient electromagnetic device
• Electromagnetic environment
• Electromagnetic propulsion
• Electromagnetic bomb
• Electromagnetism
• Pulsed power
• Neutron flux

High Energy Radio Frequency weapons (HERF) or High Power Radio Frequency weapons (HPRF) are weapons that use high intensity radio waves to disrupt electronics. ... A cutaway view of a flux compression generator. ... A transient electromagnetic device (TED) is a device that emits a transient pulse of electromagnetic radiation of a few picoseconds in length. ... In telecommunication, the term electromagnetic environment (EME) has the following meanings: 1. ... Electromagnetic Propulsion using the concepts and applications of electromagnets. ... An electromagnetic bomb or E-bomb is a weapon designed to disable electronics on a wide scale with an electromagnetic pulse. ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. ... Pulsed power is the science and technology of accumulating energy over a relatively long period of time and releasing it very quickly. ... neutron flux n : the rate of flow of neutrons; the number of neutrons passing through a unit area in unit time via dictionary. ...

External links

• GlobalSecurity.org – Electromagnetic Pulse: From chaos to a manageable solution
• Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and Tempest Protection for Facilities – U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
• EMP data from Starfish nuclear test measured by Richard Wakefield of LANL, and review of evidence pertaining to the effects 1,300 km away in Hawaii, also review of Russian EMP tests of 1962