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Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on whether it is capable of ionizing atoms and breaking chemical bonds. Ultraviolet and higher frequencies, such as X-rays or gamma rays are ionizing. These pose their own special hazards: see radiation and radiation poisoning. Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...
Ionization is the physical process of converting an atom or molecule into an ion by changing the difference between the number of protons and electrons. ...
Non-ionizing radiation (or, esp. ...
A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between atoms and molecules, and that which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic chemical compounds. ...
“UV†redirects here. ...
In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by Röntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz...
This article is about electromagnetic radiation. ...
Radiation as used in physics, is energy in the form of waves or moving subatomic particles. ...
Radiation Hazard symbol. ...
Non-ionizing radiation, discussed here, is associated with two major potential hazards: electrical and biological. Additionally, induced electric current caused by radiation can generate sparks and create a fire or explosive hazard. Electromagnetic induction is the production of an electrical potential difference (or voltage) across a conductor situated in a changing magnetic flux. ...
Electrical hazards
The oscillating electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic radiation will induce an electric current in any conductor through which it passes. Strong radiation can induce current capable of delivering an electric shock to persons or animals. It can also overload and destroy electrical equipment. The electromagnetic field is a physical field that is produced by electrically charged objects and which affects the behaviour of charged objects in the vicinity of the field. ...
Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. ...
Fire Hazards Extremely high power electromagnetic radiation can cause electric currents strong enough to create sparks. These sparks can then ignite flammable materials or gases, possibly leading to an explosion. This can be a particular hazard in the vicinity of explosives or pyrotechnics, since an electrical overload might ignite them. This risk is commonly referred to as RadHaz or HERO (Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance). This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ...
Pyrotechnics is a field of study often thought synonymous with the manufacture of fireworks, but more accurately it has a wider scope that includes items for military and industrial uses. ...
Biological hazards of EMF The best understood biological effect of electromagnetic fields is to cause dielectric heating. For example, touching an antenna while a transmitter is in operation can cause severe burns. Birds sitting on very high-power antennas when transmission begins can be instantly cooked by RF energy[citation needed]. In fact, that is the principle behind the operation of a microwave oven. A yagi antenna Most simply, an antenna is an electronic component designed to send or receive radio waves. ...
Antenna tower of Crystal Palace transmitter, London A transmitter (sometimes abbreviated XMTR) is an electronic device which with the aid of an antenna propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Radio waves. ...
It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Microwave oven and Microwave heating. ...
This heating effect varies with the frequency of the electromagnetic energy. The eyes are particularly vulnerable to RF energy in the microwave range, and prolonged exposure to microwaves can lead to cataracts.[citation needed] Each frequency in the electromagnetic spectrum is absorbed by living tissue at a different rate, called the specific absorption rate or SAR, which has units of watts per kilogram (W/kg). The IEEE and many national governments have established safety limits for exposure to various frequencies of electromagnetic energy based on SAR. FreQuency is a music video game developed by Harmonix and published by SCEI. It was released in November 2001. ...
Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than those of terahertz (THz) frequencies, but relatively short for radio waves. ...
Cataract is also used to mean a waterfall or where the flow of a river changes dramatically. ...
Legend γ = Gamma rays HX = Hard X-rays SX = Soft X-Rays EUV = Extreme ultraviolet NUV = Near ultraviolet Visible light NIR = Near infrared MIR = Moderate infrared FIR = Far infrared Radio waves EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves) SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves) UHF = Ultra high frequency VHF = Very high frequency HF = High...
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which radio frequency (RF) energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to radio-frequency electromagnetic field. ...
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers or IEEE (pronounced as eye-triple-ee) is an international non-profit, professional organization incorporated in the State of New York, United States. ...
There are publications which supports the existence of complex biological effects of weaker non-thermal electromagnetic fields (see Bioelectromagnetics), including weak ELF magnetic fields[1][2] and modulated RF and microwave fields[3][4]. Fundamental mechanisms of the interaction between biological material and electromagnetic fields at non-thermal levels are not fully understood[5]. Bioelectromagnetics is the study of how electromagnetic fields interact with and influence biological processes. ...
Because the definite existance and possible extent of non-thermal effects is not fully established, the effects are not known. Sir William Stewart (chairman of the UK Health Protection Agency), has commented that as there is evidence of a possible but undetermined risk (Stewart Report, 2000 and 2005), the public approach should follow the precautionary principle. The official stance of the Health Protection Agency is that there is currently no proven risk from RF communication devices. The Health Protection Agency (HPA), originally established as a special health authority (SpHA) in 2003, is an independent national organisation charged with protecting the health and well-being of the United Kingdom citizens from infectious diseases and in preventing harm and reducing impacts when hazards involving chemicals, poisons or radiation...
The precautionary principle is a moral and political principle which states that if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public, in the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on those who would advocate taking the...
U.S. military definition In Federal Standard 1037C, the United States government adopts the following definition: Federal Standard 1037C, entitled Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms is a United States Federal Standard, issued by the General Services Administration pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended. ...
- Electromagnetic radiation hazards (RADHAZ or EMR hazards): Hazards caused by a transmitter/antenna installation that generates electromagnetic radiation in the vicinity of ordnance, personnel, or fueling operations in excess of established safe levels or increases the existing levels to a hazardous level; or a personnel, fueling, or ordnance installation located in an area that is illuminated by electromagnetic radiation at a level that is hazardous to the planned operations or occupancy. These hazards will exist when an electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity is generated to: (a) induce or otherwise couple currents and/or voltages of magnitudes large enough to initiate electroexplosive devices or other sensitive explosive components of weapon systems, ordnance, or explosive devices; (b) cause harmful or injurious effects to humans and wildlife; (c) create sparks having sufficient magnitude to ignite flammable mixtures of materials that must be handled in the affected area.
—Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...
The magnitude of an electric field surrounding two equally charged (repelling) particles. ...
In physics, intensity is a measure of the time-averaged energy flux. ...
The Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms is a compedium of terminology used by the United States Department of Defense (DOD). ...
References - ^ Delgado, JM; J Leal, JL Monteagudo, MG Gracia (May 1982). "Embryological changes induced by weak, extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields". J Anat 134 (Pt 3): 533-51.
- ^ Harland, JD; Robert Liburdy (1997). "Environmental magnetic fields inhibit the antiproliferative action of tamoxifen and melatonin in a human breast cancer cell line". Bioelectromagnetics 18 (8): 555-62.
- ^ Aalto, S; C Haarala, A Bruck, H Sipila, H Hamalainen, JO Rinne (July 2006). "Mobile phone affects cerebral blood flow in humans". J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26 (7): 885-90.
- ^ Koivisto, M; CM Krause, A Revonsuo, M Laine, H Hamalainen (June 2000). "The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory". Neuroreport 11 (8): 1641-3.
- ^ Binhi, V (2002). Magnetobiology: Underlying Physical Problems. Academic Press, New York.
See also Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. ...
Magnetobiology is an approach in radiobiology of non-ionizing radiation; the line of investigation in biophysics that studies biological effects of mainly weak static and low-frequency magnetic fields, which do not cause heating of tissues. ...
A Greenfield-type tower used in base stations for mobile telephony A mobile phone (Samsung) Mobile phone radiation and health concerns have been raised, especially following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephony throughout the world (as of August 2005, there were more than 2 billion users...
For mobile phones see Mobile phone radiation and health With the focus on health concerns of mobile phones, people are also beginning to question the health risks of other wireless devices now being increasingly used at work and in the home, such as wireless local area networks, wireless phones, Bluetooth...
Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is a measure of the rate at which radio frequency (RF) energy is absorbed by the body when exposed to radio-frequency electromagnetic field. ...
Electrical sensitivity (ES) - sometimes also called electrosensitivity or electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) - is a condition in which a person experiences physical and/or psychological symptoms that they claim, against scientific and medical opinion, to be aggravated by electric or magnetic fields (EMF) or other electromagnetic waves at exposure levels tolerated by...
External links - [1] World Health Organization information page on electromagnetic fields.
- The Dangers Of Electro Magnetic Radiation (EMF)
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