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TElephone NUMber Mapping (ENUM or Enum) is a suite of protocols to unify the telephone system with the Internet by using E.164 addresses with DDDS and DNS. The acronymn ENUM can also mean "E164 NUmber Mapping." Look up Protocol in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Protocol may mean: Protocol (treaty), a treaty or international agreement that supplements a previous one Protocol (politics), a logbook or other artifact of a political meeting between persons from different nations Protocol (diplomacy), the etiquette of diplomacy and affairs of state Communications...
The telephone or phone (Greek: tele = far away and phone = voice) is a telecommunications device which is used to transmit and receive sound (most commonly voice and speech) across distance. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Defined in RFC 3401, RFC 3402, RFC 3403, RFC 3404, and RFC 3405. ...
The Domain Name System or DNS is a system that stores information about host names and domain names in a kind of distributed database on networks, such as the Internet. ...
ENUM is not required for VoIP (although it does facilitate it) and should not be confused with common VoIP routing based on SIP and H.323 protocols with a Uniform Resource Identifier. VoIP Service Providers assign a URI to a customer in order to complete calls over the internet. ENUM is a DNS-based protocol that is best suited to offer services that not only help facilitate, but expand on ways to complete calls over VoIP networks as described below. It provides a user with a domain name on an E.164 server in order to associate a common international telephone number with a URI and provide other DNS-related services. The server is maintained by the Service Provider and is expected to become standard since it can successfully address locating URIs with nothing more than a common international telephone number. IP Telephony, also called Internet telephony, is the technology that makes it possible to have a telephone conversation over the Internet or a dedicated Internet Protocol (IP) network instead of dedicated voice transmission lines. ...
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a protocol developed by the IETF MMUSIC Working Group and proposed standard for initiating, modifying, and terminating an interactive user session that involves multimedia elements such as video, voice, instant messaging, online games, and virtual reality. ...
H.323 is an umbrella recommendation from the ITU-T, that defines the protocols to provide audio-visual communication sessions on any packet network. ...
A Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), is an Internet protocol element consisting of a short string of characters that conform to a certain syntax. ...
The ITU ENUM allocates a specific zone, namely e164.arpa for use with E.164 numbers. Any phone number, such as +1 555 42 42 can be transformed into a hostname by reversing the numbers, separating them with dots and adding the e164.arpa suffix, like so: 2.4.2.4.5.5.5.1.e164.arpa Monument in Bern, Switzerland. ...
DNS can then be used to look up Internet addresses for services such as SIP VoIP telephony. NAPTR records are used to 'translate' E.164 addresses to SIP addresses for example. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a protocol developed by the IETF MMUSIC Working Group and proposed standard for initiating, modifying, and terminating an interactive user session that involves multimedia elements such as video, voice, instant messaging, online games, and virtual reality. ...
IP Telephony, also called Internet telephony, is the technology that makes it possible to have a telephone conversation over the Internet or a dedicated Internet Protocol (IP) network instead of dedicated voice transmission lines. ...
NAPTR stands for Naming Authority Pointer and is a newer type of DNS record that supports regular expression based rewriting. ...
An example NAPTR record looks like this :
$ORIGIN 2.4.2.4.5.5.5.1.e164.arpa. IN NAPTR 100 10 "u" "sip+E2U" "!^.*$!sip:phoneme@example.net!" . IN NAPTR 102 10 "u" "mailto+E2U" "!^.*$!mailto:myemail@example.com!" . This specifies that if you want to use the "sip+E2U" service, you should use sip:phoneme@example.net as the address. The regular expression can be used by a telephone company to easily assign addresses to all of its clients; e.g. if your number is +15554242 your SIP address is sip:4242@555telco.example.net and if your number is +15551234 your SIP address is sip:1234@555telco.example.net. A regular expression (abbreviated as regexp, regex, or regxp, with plural forms regexps, regexes, or regexen) is a string that describes or matches a set of strings, according to certain syntax rules. ...
ITU e164.arpa subdomains are first delegated to ('registered by') regulatory bodies designated by the national government of the country code concerned, which further delegates zones to telecommunications providers. Your telephone company is therefore in charge of the NAPTR records, usually. Some countries are proposing to let end-users register their own telephone numbers via an intermediary which need not be their own telco. This is a good idea, since Enum is mostly useful for VoIP (Voice over IP) - people who use an Enum-enabled VoIP service can dial your existing number, and be connected not to your existing phone line, but to your own VoIP telephone, directly via the Internet, bypassing the telephone system entirely - but when they call some one who does not use Enum, calls run over the conventional telephone system. Monument in Bern, Switzerland. ...
IP Telephony, also called Internet telephony, is the technology that makes it possible to have a telephone conversation over the Internet or a dedicated Internet Protocol (IP) network instead of dedicated voice transmission lines. ...
Alternative free public ENUM services such as E164.org have also emerged. These services often verify PSTN numbers, and can be used in addition to the e164.arpa. Some perceive competitive ENUM zones as a good thing, since it will open the VoIP market to competition from the beginning. The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the concatenation of the worlds public circuit-switched telephone networks, in much the same way that the Internet is the concatenation of the worlds public IP-based packet-switched networks. ...
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