Electronic journalism -- known as "EJ" or "ENG" for electronic news gathering -- is most associated with broadcast news where producers, reporters and editors make use of electronic recording devices for gathering and presenting information in telecasts and radio transmissions reaching the public. The acquisition mediums of choice in 2005 are characterized by a variety of competing types or "formats" of video tape Sound recording and editing offer a large number of analogue and digital systems. Still images, graphics and animation have their own sets of tools. The editorial systems available provide journalists with tools for fast and flexible assembly and delivery of electronically gathered and edited news reports. #REDIRECT Electronic news gathering ... Jump to: navigation, search 2005 (Roman: MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The video cassette recorder (or VCR, less popularly video tape recorder) is a type of video tape recorder that uses removable cassettes containing magnetic tape to record audio and video from a television broadcast so it can be played back later. ... A journalist is a person who practices journalism. ...

Video journalism

News via video is seen daily by millions of people around the world. Some of the typical uses include interviews, panel discussions, press conferences and speeches. Live and pre-recorded video is also used in news coverage of accidents, natural disasters and war coverage.

Technical standards for Video Journalism

The National Archives of the United States holds a collection of some of earliest examples of historically significant motion picture films for the country and similar collections exist in other nation's archives. From the earliest days of the medium's existence, film cameras have been used for the acquisition of news elements and documentary footage. Film remained important in daily news operations until the late 1960s when news outlets turned to portable video cameras, portable recorders, wireless microphones and joined those with various microwave and satellite linked delivery systems. By the mid 1980's film had all but disappeared from used in television journalism. The United States National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records. ... Film refers to the celluloid media on which movies are printed Film is a term that encompasses motion pictures as individual projects, as well as the field in general. ... Jump to: navigation, search A satellite is any object that orbits another object (which is known as its primary). ... Events and trends The 1980s marked an abrupt shift towards more conservative lifestyles after the momentous cultural revolutions which took place in the 1960s and 1970s and the definition of the AIDS virus in 1981. ...

The 1962 arrival of the "Handy-Looky", a portable video tape camera from Ikegami announced a revolution in journalism. This Handy Looky provided a self-contained system of camera with lens and video recorder, the precursor of today's hand held cameras. Jump to: navigation, search 1962 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... A camera is a device used to take pictures (usually photographs), either singly or in sequence, with or without sound, such as with video cameras. ... Ikegami Tsushinki Co. ... A lens is: a part of the eye an optical device that may be used in a camera or in a telescope; see lens (optics). ...

Some examples of improvements

As systems have improved, components have been made smaller and lighter and performance has greatly improved. Improvements have been made in image quality, colorimetry, lenses, and videotape technology. The following is a small list of improvements related to television news production. Colorimetry is the science that describe colors in numbers, or provides a physical color match using a variety of measurement instruments. ... A lens is: a part of the eye an optical device that may be used in a camera or in a telescope; see lens (optics). ... Bottom view of VHS videotape cassette with magnetic tape exposed Videotape is a means of recording television pictures and accompanying sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. ...

• Early formats of videotape included 2 inch Quadruplex videotape, 1 inch videotape, MII videotape and 3/4 inch U-matic videotape. None of these are widely used today.
• Betacam Tape was popular from the mid 1980's until early 2000's. It is still used by some television stations today, but is being overtaken by digital videotape such as DVC Pro and MiniDV.
• 1080i/720p High Definition Video
• CCD Camera Technology
• Editng Systems, Avid, Final Cut Pro, Video Vegas

2 Quadruplex (also called 2 Quad for short) was the first practical and commercially successful videotape format. ... 1 Type C (designated Type C by SMPTE) is a professional open-reel videotape format co-developed and introduced by Ampex and Sony in 1976. ... Note: The MII video tape format is not to be confused with Panasonics M2 videogame console The official logo for the MII videocassette format (courtesy Panasonic) MII is a professional videocassette format developed by Panasonic in 1986 as their answer & competitive product to Sonys Betacam SP format. ... U-matic is the name of a videocassette format developed by Sony in 1969. ... Betacam and VHS size comparison Betacam SP L (top), Betacam SP S (left), VHS (right) Betacam is a family of half-inch professional videotape formats developed by Sony from 1982 onwards. ... This article is about the decade starting at the beginning of 2000 and ending at the end of 2009. ... DVCPRO, DVCPRO 50, and DVCPRO HD refer to digital videotape formats using the DV codec, and devised by Panasonic. ... DVCPRO, DVCPRO 50, and DVCPRO HD refer to digital videotape formats using the DV codec, and devised by Panasonic. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into High-definition television. ... Jump to: navigation, search CCD can stand for: Charge-Coupled Device Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Carbonate Compensation Depth Council for a Community of Democracies MiniCD This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the... Avid Technology, Inc, a publicly traded company since 1993, is registered on the NASDAQ under the symbol AVID. The company is involved with digital nonlinear media creation, management and distribution services. ... Final Cut Pro is a non-linear editing system created by Apple Computer that allows users to edit video. ...

Photographs, graphics, animation

Apart from moving images and sound recording, electronic journalism makes liberal use of still images, graphics and animation in reports.

• In television, still photographs, may be used when no video camera can reach a correspondent or interview subject. A still photograph may also be used to show historically notable person and event or in any place where it aids the report. Photos may be recorded with a standard video camera or the photos can be placed on a special motion control device which allows precise computer controlled positioning. Whether shot in the field or in the studio, the camera operator might zoom, pan or tilt while recording the images. The director may use portions of this video or may digitally store some selected frames for insertion into the final report.

• Graphics are used to report on financial markets, labor statistics, crop reports, municipal budgets and other instances where tabular data or charts are the best choice for explaining a story element. In electronic journalism, graphics are displayed while the reporter continues to read the script. The graphics, including fonts and titles, convey news worthy information, names and titles. The use of graphics also support a station or network's image. Graphics, in some cases, may open up some revenue generating opportunities to the content delivery channel.

• Animation is an effective tool for communicating views of a natural disaster or a tragic accident like a plain crash. Producers might turn to animation to explain a complex scientific process, economic or political polling trends; to illustrate news about space flights and many other appropriate uses. Meteorologists make use of simple and complex animation to show the path of storms.

A photograph (often just called a photo) is an image (or a representation of that on e. ... A video camera can be classified two ways: Professional video cameras, such as those used in television production Camcorders used by amateurs This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A reporter is a type of journalist who researches and presents information in certain types of mass media. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Graphics are visual presentations on some surface such as a wall, canvas, computer screen, paper or stone to inform, illustrate or entertain. ... A reporter is a type of journalist who researches and presents information in certain types of mass media. ... In typography, a typeface is a co-ordinated set of character designs, which usually comprises an alphabet of letters, a set of numerals and a set of punctuation marks. ... Jump to: navigation, search Animation (plural: Animations) is the illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. ... In politics, polling is the surveying of public opinion on an issue. ... Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. ... Jump to: navigation, search Animation (plural: Animations) is the illusion of motion created by the consecutive display of images of static elements. ...

Technical standards

• CCD Camera technology
• Digital storage and transmission to news room via high-speed Internet connections. Advanced storage allows shooting hundreds of images without need to reload camera.

Jump to: navigation, search CCD can stand for: Charge-Coupled Device Confraternity of Christian Doctrine Carbonate Compensation Depth Council for a Community of Democracies MiniCD This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the...

Audio journalism

Radio has long been used to broadcast news as quickly as possible. Many important speeches and public events were covered on radio and still are today. With the growing availability of small, yet high-quality, cassette recorders, such as those from Marantz and Sony, radio reporters are able to make use of natural sounds and interviews which brings great detail to their reports. National Public Radio's All Things Considered has been a pioneer in the use of such sound elements woven into the fabric of its reports. Marantz is a company that develops and sells high-fidelity audio electronics products. ... Sony Corporation (Japanese katakana: ソニー) (TYO: 6758), NYSE: SNE is a global consumer electronics corporation based in Tokyo, Japan. ... NPR logo NPR redirects here. ... All Things Considered, sometimes abbreviated ATC, is a news radio program in the United States, broadcast on the National Public Radio network. ...

Technical standards

A wide variety of audio recording formats is used in news rooms around the world. The standard report kit includes a battery operated cassette recorder with a dynamic microphone and optional telephone interface. With this set-up, the reporter can record interviews and natural sound and then play these over a telephone line for rerecording or live broadcast by the content provider (radio or TV station, cable outlet, web radio system). This offers a rugged and relatively simple system which can be placed into a single bag along with extra batteries, tape and supplies. Audio can mean: Sound that can be heard. ... NeWS, for Network extensible Window System, was a windowing system developed by Sun Microsystems in the late 1980s. ... Inside a condenser microphone. ...

In addition to the standard compact cassette another popular choice is the digital minidisc. This has the advantage of superior sound, digital indexing and is re-recordable, reusable medium. The small cassette format known as DAT is popular with film makers and other studio professionals because of its superior sound quality and its SMPTE time code and other synchronization features. News gathering may also be accomplished with the use of recordable CD and DVD players and various fixed medium recording system. A standard audio cassette Cassette may refer to: A small cartridge of some form. ... The Sony MZ1 MiniDisc player, the first to hit the market in 1992. ... Jump to: navigation, search A digital system is one that uses numbers, especially binary numbers, for input, processing, transmission, storage, or display, rather than a continuous spectrum of values (an analog system) or non-numeric symbols such as letters or icons. ... ... The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers or SMPTE (pronounced simptee or sometimes sumptee) is a US professional association of engineers. ... Timecode is also the title of a 2000 film directed by Mike Figgis which was shot in one continuous take. ... Synchronization is coordination with respect to time. ... CD may stand for: Compact Disc Canadian Forces Decoration Cash Dispenser (at least used in Japan) CD LPMud Driver Centrum-Demokraterne (Centre Democrats of Denmark) Certificate of Deposit České Dráhy (Czech Railways) Chad (NATO country code) Chalmers Datorförening (computer club of the Chalmers University of Technology) a 1960s... DVD is an optical disc storage media format that can be used for data storage, including movies with high video and sound quality. ...

External Links

• Ikegami corporate site (English)

Bibliography

• Shook, Fredrick - The Process of Electronic News Gathering - ISBN 0-89582-082-X Morton Publishers

• Anderson, Gary - Video Editing & Production: A Professional Guide -ISBN 0-86729-114-1 Knowledge Industries, 1984

• Bensinger, Charles, - The Video Guide, 3rd edition - ISBN 0672 -22051-2, Sams Publisher, 1982

• Bensinger, Charles, - Video As a Second Language: How To Make A Video Documentary - ISBN 0-915146-06-1 VTR Publishers, 1979

• Millerson, Gerald, - Video Camera Techniques - ISBN 0-240-51225-1, Focal Press, 1983

• Wood, William - Electronic Journalism - ISBN 0-231-02857-X, Columbia U. Press

• Feinberg, Milton - Techniques of Photojournalism paper - ISBN 0-317-1070-1/201 3630, Books Demand UMI

• Eden, Clifton C. - Photojournalism: Principles & Practices, 2ed ed., - ISBN 0-697-04333-9 Wm.C.Brown 1980

• Hicks, Wilson - Words & Pictures: An Introduction to Photojournalism, - ISBN 0-685-32645-4 Ayer Co. Pub.

• Roy, Frank P. - Photojournalism: The Visual Approach (Illus) - ISBN 0-13-665548-3, PH.

• THE BROADCAST NEWS PROCESS (THIRD EDITION) - BY FREDERICK SHOOK/DAN LATIMORE, - ISBN 0-89582-164-8 MORTON PUBLISHING

• Broadcast News, Reporting & Production - by White, Ted & Meppen - ISBN 0-02-427010-5, Macmillan Press, 1984