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Electronic voice phenomenon (EVP) is a term used to refer to sounds captured on recorded media or other electronic devices that are said by paranormal investigators to be voices of paranormal origin.^[1] Examples of purported EVP are typically short, usually the length of a word or short phrase, although longer segments have also been reported.^[2][3] Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... A recording medium is a physical material that holds information expressed in any of the existing recording formats. ...

Explanations proposed by those who say that they are paranormal in origin include that they are the voices of deceased human beings, psychic projections from EVP researchers, or communications from intelligent non-human entities. ^[4][5] Explanations proposed by those who say they are not of paranormal origin include that they are the result of cross modulation or interference from external RF sources, or that they are" random noise that is mistakenly perceived as voices due to pareidolia; the human propensity to find familiar patterns amongst random stimuli.^[6][3] Cross modulation is intermodulation caused by the modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by an undesired signal. ... Interference of two circular waves - Wavelength (decreasing bottom to top) and Wave centers distance (increasing to the right). ... Pareidolia (pronounced /pɛɹaɪˈdoliə/ or /pæraɪˈdəʊliə/) is a psychological phenomenon involving a vague and random stimulus (usually an image) being mistakenly perceived as recognizable. ...

The term itself was coined by publishing company Colin Smythe Ltd in the early 1970s.^[7] Previously the term “Raudive Voices”, after Dr. Konstantin Raudive whose 1970 book Breakthrough brought the subject to a wider public audience, was used. ^[8][5] References to EVP have appeared in pop culture such as in the Reality TV show Ghost Hunters, the fictional Supernatural and the Hollywood films White Noise and The Sixth Sense. Dr. Konstantin Raudive (1906-1974). ... For other uses of the name, see Ghosthunters (disambiguation). ... Supernatural is an American paranormal drama television series that debuted on September 13, 2005 on the WB, and is now part of The CWs lineup, where the second season premiered on September 28, 2006. ... White Noise is a 2005 drama/supernatural horror film, directed by Geoffrey Sax and produced by Brightlight Pictures. ... For other uses of this phrase see the Sixth sense disambigulation page. ...

EVP is a branch of Instrumental transcommunication (ITC), and deals exclusively with audio. ITC (instrumental transcommunication) is a term for the use of TVs, radios, telephones, computers, cameras, and other technical equipment to allegedly get information directly from the worlds of spirit in the form of voices, images, and text. ...

History

There is an urban legend that American inventor Thomas Edison was the first EVP researcher. ^[9] In the 1920s, he told a reporter with Scientific American that he was working on a machine that could contact the dead, and the story was printed in many newspapers. A few years later, Edison announced that he had been making a joke at the reporter's expense, and that he had not been working on such a device.^[10] Though Edison did not attempt to create such a device, others have attempted to do so. An urban legend or urban myth is a kind of modern folklore consisting of stories often thought to be factual by those circulating them. ... Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman who developed many devices which greatly influenced life around the world. ... The 1920s is a decade that is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Scientific American is a popular-science magazine, published (first weekly and later monthly) since August 28, 1845, making it the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. ...

Pre-1980

Self professed medium Attila von Szalay (Sealay) was among the first to definitively claim to have recorded the voices of the dead. Working with Raymond Bayless, von Szalay conducted a number of recording sessions with a custom-made apparatus, consisting of a microphone in an insulated cabinet connected to an external recording device and speaker. Szalay reported finding many sounds on the tape that could not be heard on the speaker at the time of recording, some of which were recorded when there was no-one in the cabinet. He believed these sounds to be the voices of discarnate spirits. Von Szalay and Bayless' work was published by the Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research.^[11] in 1959. Bayless later went on to co-author the 1979 book, Phone Calls From the Dead. Mediumship is a term used mostly in spiritualism to denote the ability to produce psi phenomena of a mental or physical nature. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Society for Psychical Research. ...

In 1959 Swedish film producer Friedrich Jürgenson captured, while recording bird songs, what he said was the discarnate voice of a man speaking Norwegian. He went on to make many more recordings, including one that he said contained a message from his late mother.^[12]

Latvian psychologist Konstantin Raudive, who worked in conjunction with Jürgenson, made over 100,000 similarly natured recordings of his own, of which over 25,000 were said to contain identifiable words.^[13][14] In an attempt to confirm the content of his collection of recordings, Raudive invited listeners to hear and interpret them. ^[13] In many cases the "voices" in Raudive's recordings were said to be heard clearly, and Raudive said that, as such, they could not be readily explained by normal means.^[13] Dr. Konstantin Raudive (1906-1974). ...

Paranormal researchers, including David Fontana, a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at Cardiff university's school of Social Sciences ^[15] write that, during the early 1970's, Raudive conducted a number of recording sessions inside an RF screened laboratory belonging to British defense contractor Belling & Lee. During these sessions, Raudive is said to have recorded a number of voices which were "clearly understandable".^{[13][16][17][18][19]} The main building of Cardiff University Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cardiff University Cardiff University (Welsh: Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a leading university located in the civic centre of Cardiff, Wales. ...

Since their release, Raudive's interpretations of his recordings have been criticized as being highly subjective,^[20] and for the fact that the speech they are said to contain is often unrelated to questions that investigators posed, to any sources of EVP that might be present, during their recording.^[21] Both Jürgenson and Raudive's recordings were said to contain sentences that were made up of several languages. ^[21]

Post-1980

In 1980, self professed medium William O'Neil constructed an electronic audio device called "The Spiricom". The device itself was said to have been built to specifications received psychically by O'Neil from Dr. George Mueller, a scientist who had died six years previously.^[13] At a Washington, DC, press conference on April 6, 1982, O'Neil said that he was able to hold two-way conversations with the spirits of the dead using this device, and O'Neil provided the design specifications to researchers for free. However, nobody is known to have ever been able to replicate O'Neil's results using their own Spiricom devices.^[3][22][23] O'Neil's partner, retired industrialist George Meek, attributed O'Neil's success, and the inability of others to replicate it, to O'Neil's "psychic abilities" forming part of the loop that made the system work.^[3][24] Mediumship is a term used mostly in spiritualism to denote the ability to produce psi phenomena of a mental or physical nature. ... Aerial photo (looking NW) of the Washington Monument and the White House in Washington, DC. Washington, D.C., officially the District of Columbia (also known as D.C.; Washington; the Nations Capital; the District; and, historically, the Federal City) is the capital city and administrative district of the United... April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In 1982, Sarah Estep founded the American Association of Electronic Voice Phenomena in Severna Park, Maryland, with the purpose of increasing awareness of EVP, and of teaching standardized methods for capturing it. Estep began her exploration of EVP in 1976, and says she has made hundreds of recordings of messages from deceased friends, relatives, and other individuals, including Konstantin Raudive, Beethoven, a lamplighter from 18th century Philadelphia, PA, and extraterrestrials whom she speculated originated from other planets or dimensions. Today, the nonprofit organization lists members in twenty countries and maintains a web site that offers techniques, concepts, and purported examples of EVP.^[25] Image File history File links EVP_sample. ... Software development stages In computer programming, development stage terminology expresses how the development of a piece of software has progressed and how much further development it may require. ... Tahoe redirects here. ... The American Association of Electronic Voice Phenomena, or AA-EVP for short, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization focused on educating and supporting people interested in electronic voice phenomenon (EVP). ... The American Association of Electronic Voice Phenomena, or AA-EVP for short, is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization focused on educating and supporting people interested in electronic voice phenomenon (EVP). ... Severna Park can refer to: Severna Park, Maryland, a census-designated place in Maryland, United States Severna Park (writer), an American science-fiction author Category: ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 90 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37°53N to 39°43N  - Longitude 75°4W to 79°33... Extraterrestrial life refers to forms of life that may exist and originate outside of the planet Earth. ...

In March 2003, paranormal investigator Alexander MacRae conducted a series of recording sessions inside an acoustically screened Faraday cage. MacRae connected a human subject to a device of his own design (known as ALPHA)^[26] that was designed to convert electrodermal responses from the subject's body into a more speech like form, the signal then being transmitted to an AM radio in the same room. Recordings were made from a microphone in the room and were then analyzed by Macrae. In an attempt to demonstrate that different individuals would interpret the samples the same way, MacRae isolated what he considered to be the best three recordings, and distributed them to seven international respondents (selected on the basis of a previous pilot test using earlier EVP recordings). Respondents were asked to compare each sample to a list of five pre-selected phrases and choose the one they thought provided the best match. Based on the environment in which the samples were recorded, and the number of responses provided which matched his interpretation of what was correct, MacRae concluded that the samples were not a form of "audible Roscharch (sic)" but genuine voices whose origins could not be explained through conventional means.^{[4][16][27][13]} MacRae's work was published by the Journal of the Society for Psychical Research in 2005.

Current enthusiasts

Current enthusiasts of EVP include those dedicated to the pursuit of paranormal investigation and ghost hunting who populate hundreds of Internet message boards, regional, and national groups.^[28][29] According to paranormal researcher John Zaffis, "There's been a boom in ghost hunting ever since the Internet took off." Enthusiasts, equipped with electronic gear such as EMF meters, video cameras and audio recorders, scour reportedly haunted venues, trying to uncover visual and audio evidence of hauntings. Many use portable recording devices in an attempt to capture EVP^[30] and a number of ghost hunting organizations feature audio files on their web sites. One popular ghost hunting organization, the International Ghost Hunters Society, states that it is "the largest ghost research society on the Internet" with over 1,000 "EVP ghost voices" on file.^[31]      Paranormal Investigation is the investigation of paranormal phenomenon. ... Ghost hunting is the process of investigating locations said to be haunted. ... John Zaffis is a paranormal researcher based in Connecticut. ... EMF meter, or Electromagnetic field meter, is a common name given to a scientific instrument for measuring Electromagnetic radiation. ... A ghostly woman coming down the stairs. ...

Others represent members of various organizations dedicated solely to EVP and a related pursuit, Instrumental transcommunication. These individuals participate in investigations, author books, deliver public presentations, and hold conferences where they share experiences with other enthusiasts.^[32] Some groups, such as the Big Circle, maintain that their mission is quite different from those who wish to record spirit voices in reportedly haunted locations, saying, "It is our intent to establish contact with one or more individuals we know and love that are now in the spiritual world."^[33] ITC (instrumental transcommunication) is a term for the use of TVs, radios, telephones, computers, cameras, and other technical equipment to allegedly get information directly from the worlds of spirit in the form of voices, images, and text. ...

Also among those having ongoing interest in EVP, adherents of Spiritualism and Survivalism^[34] believe that communication with the dead is a scientifically proven fact, and experiment with a variety of techniques for spirit communications which they believe provide evidence of the continuation of life.^[35] According to the National Spiritualist Association of Churches, "An important modern day development in mediumship is spirit communications via an electronic device. This is most commonly known as Electronic Voice Phenomena (EVP)"^[36] An informal survey by the organization's Department Of Phenomenal Evidence cites that 1/3 of churches conduct sessions in which participants seek to communicate with spirit entities using EVP.^[37] By 1853, when the popular song Spirit Rappings was published, Spiritualism was the object of intense curiosity. ... This article is about the belief in life after death. ...

Paranormal explanations

Various paranormal explanations have been put forward for EVP.^[38] Examples include:

• Discarnate entities: Communications from discarnate entities, such as the spirits of the dead,^[39] that are unable to communicate verbally with humans, but are able to imprint information on recording media by an unknown method.^[40]
• Psychokinesis: Communications imprinted directly on a medium, by a living human, through an unknown form of matter/energy manipulation.^[41] Some EVP proponents say they have received messages from a sleeping colleague.^[42]
• Extraterrestrial entities: Contact with nature energies, beings from other dimensions, or extraterrestrials.^[43]

Psychokinesis (Greek ψυχή + κίνησις, literally spirit-movement)[1][2] or PK, also known as telekinesis[3] (Greek + , literally distant-movement referring to telekinesis) or TK, is the proposed paranormal ability of the mind to influence matter or energy without the use of any currently known type of physical means. ... Extraterrestrial life refers to forms of life that may exist and originate outside of the planet Earth. ...

Naturalistic explanations

Virtually no scientific literature on EVP exists, although skeptics have put forward various naturalistic explanations for the alleged phenomenon.^[44] These include:

• Interference: Certain recordings, especially those recorded on devices which contain RLC circuitry, represent radio signals of voices/sounds from broadcast sources.^[45] Interference from CB Radio transmissions and wireless baby minders, or anomalies generated though cross modulation from other electronic devices, are all documented phenomena.^[44] It is even possible for circuits to resonate without any internal power source by means of radio reception.^[45]
• Auditory pareidolia: A condition created when the brain incorrectly interprets random patterns as being familiar patterns.^[46] In the case of EVP it could result in an observer interpreting random noise on an audio recording as being the familiar sound of a human voice.^[44][47] The propensity for an apparent voice heard in white noise recordings to be in a language understood well by those researching it, rather than in an unfamiliar language, has been cited as evidence of this.^[44]

• Apophenia Related to, but distinct from pareidolia.^[48] Defined as "the spontaneous finding of connections or meaning in things which are random, unconnected or meaningless", has also been put forward as a possible explanation.^[6][49]
• Capture errors: Anomalies created by the method used to capture audio signals, such as noise generated through the over-amplification of a signal at the point of recording.^[44][50]
• Processing artifacts: Artifacts created during attempts to boost the clarity of an existing recording through methods such as re-sampling, frequency isolation, and noise reduction/enhancement, until they take on qualities significantly different from those that were present in the original recording.^[51][44]
• Hoaxes: A percentage of recordings may be hoaxes created by frauds or pranksters.^[44]

An RLC circuit (also known as a resonant circuit or a tuned circuit) is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel. ... Citizens band radio (CB) is, in the United States, a system of short distance radio communication between individuals on a selection of 40 channels within the single 27 MHz (11 meter) band. ... Cross modulation is intermodulation caused by the modulation of the carrier of a desired signal by an undesired signal. ... This article is about resonance in physics. ... For the device which is a tuner (radio) and a amplifier and/or loudspeaker, see receiver (home stereo). ... Pareidolia (pronounced /pɛɹaɪˈdoliə/ or /pæraɪˈdəʊliə/) is a psychological phenomenon involving a vague and random stimulus (usually an image) being mistakenly perceived as recognizable. ... Apophenia is the experience of seeing patterns or connections in random or meaningless data. ...

Skeptical explanations and published works

Of attempts to capture EVP, administrator of SkepticWiki and self-described musician and sound engineer David Federlein says:

...one website says to set the "sensitivity level" of the microphone to the highest possible setting as ghosts are apparently afflicted with laryngitis. Doing this raises what's called the "noise floor" - the electrical noise created by all electrical devices - creating white noise. If I were to filter white noise (the audible equivalent of watching the snow on a detuned TV) I could make it say just about anything. This is really no different than using a wah pedal on a guitar. It's a very focused sweep filter moving about the spectrum creating open vowel sounds. Was Peter Frampton channeling? I hardly think so, however his use of the "talkbox" effect on his guitar sounds exactly like some of these recordings. When you factor in other aspects of physics, such as cross modulation of radio stations or faulty ground loops in equipment, you have a lot of people thinking they are listening to ghosts when in fact it is nothing more than a controlled misuse of electronics.^[52]

Of EVP recordings, Michael Shermer, founder of The Skeptics Society, wrote in Scientific American: In signal theory, the noise floor is the measure of the signal created from the sum of all the noise sources and unwanted signals within a measurement system. ... White noise spectrum White noise( ) is a random signal (or process) with a flat power spectral density. ... Television signal splitter consisting of a hi-pass and a low-pass filter. ... Wah-wah is an imitative word for the sound of bending or altering musical notes to improve expressiveness, sounding much like a human voice saying the syllable wah for each note. ... Peter Kenneth Frampton (born April 22, 1950 in Beckenham, Kent) is a Grammy winning English musician, best known today for his solo work in the mid-1970s as an arena rocker. // By the age of ten, he played in a band called the Little Ravens. ... The term ground loop has more than one meaning: In electrical and electronic engineering, a ground loop refers to an unwanted current that flows in a conductor connecting two points that are nominally at the same potential, for example ground potential, but are actually at different potentials. ... Michael Shermer Michael Shermer (born September 8, 1954 in Glendale, California) is a science writer, historian of science, founder of The Skeptics Society, and editor of its magazine Skeptic, which is largely devoted to investigating and debunking pseudoscientific and supernatural claims. ... The Skeptics Society is a nonprofit organization devoted to promoting scientific skepticism and resisting the spread of pseudoscience, superstition, and irrational beliefs. ...

...What we have here is a signal-to-noise problem. Humans evolved brains that are pattern-recognition machines, adept at detecting signals that enhance or threaten survival amid a very noisy world [...] if you scan enough noise, you will eventually find a signal, whether it is there or not.^[53]

Professor Chris French, from the Psychology Department at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and editor of The Skeptic magazine, says the common thread behind all the alleged examples of EVP he's heard is that people are "reading meaning into what's actually random noise": Christopher C. French BA PhD CPsychol FBPsS FRSA is a psychologist and vocal skeptic specialising in the psychology of paranormal beliefs and experiences, cognition and emotion. ... The University of London is a university based primarily in London. ...

For obvious reasons, people want to believe there's an afterlife and that means the evidence doesn't need to be very good for people to be convinced by it.^[54]

Professor of Psychology at Pace University, Terrence Hines^[55] characterizes EVP as a pseudoscience in his book, Pseudoscience And The Paranormal: A Critical Examination of the Evidence: Pace University See also: Pace University High School Pace University is a private, co-educational and comprehensive multi-campus university with campuses in New York City and Westchester County in the U.S. State of New York. ... Phrenology is regarded today as a classic example of pseudoscience. ...

If one expects to hear voices, constructive perception will produce voices ... the Indians used to believe that the dead spoke as the wind swirled through the trees. The tape recorder has simply brought this illusion into a technological age.^[56]

In 1997, Imants Barušs, of the Department of Psychology at the University of Western Ontario, conducted a series of experiments using the methods of EVP investigator Konstantin Raudive, and the work of Instrumental Transcommunication (ITC) researcher Mark Macy, as a guide. A radio was tuned to an empty frequency, and over 81 sessions a total of 60 hours and 11 minutes of recordings were collected. During recordings, a researcher either sat in silence or attempted to make verbal contact with potential sources of EVP.^[3] Barušs did record several events that sounded like voices, but they were too few and too random to represent viable data and too open to interpretation to be described definitively as EVP. He concluded: "While we did replicate EVP in the weak sense of finding voices on audio tapes, none of the phenomena found in our study was clearly anomalous, let alone attributable to discarnate beings. Hence we have failed to replicate EVP in the strong sense." The findings were published in the Journal of Scientific Exploration in 2001.^[3] Imants BaruÅ¡s is Professor of Psychology at Kings University College at The University of Western Ontario. ... Dr. Konstantin Raudive (1906-1974). ... ITC (instrumental transcommunication) is a term for the use of TVs, radios, telephones, computers, cameras, and other technical equipment to allegedly get information directly from the worlds of spirit in the form of voices, images, and text. ... The Journal of Scientific Exploration is a quarterly publication of the Society for Scientific Exploration (founded in 1982). ...

EVP in popular culture

EVP has been been the subject of radio, TV, film, books and other dramatizations. Notable examples include:

Literature

• Legion, a 1983 novel by William Peter Blatty. Written as a sequel to his 1971 novel The Exorcist, Legion contains a subplot where Dr. Vincent Amfortas, a terminally-ill neurologist, leaves a "to-be-opened-upon-my-death" letter for Lt. Kinderman detailing his accounts of contact with the dead, including the Dr's recently deceased wife, Ann, through EVP recordings. Amfortas' character and the EVP subplot do not appear in the film version of the novel, Exorcist III.
• Pattern Recognition, 2003 novel by William Gibson. The main character's mother tries to convince her that her father is communicating with her from recordings after his death/disappearance in the September 11, 2001 attacks.

Legion is a 1983 Horror novel by William Peter Blatty, a sequel to The Exorcist. ... William Peter Blatty (born January 7, 1928) is an American writer. ... The Exorcist is a horror novel written by William Peter Blatty first published in 1971. ... The Exorcist III is a 1990 horror movie directed by William Peter Blatty and based on Blattys novel Legion. It stars George C. Scott and Brad Dourif. ... Book cover Pattern Recognition (G. P. Putnams Sons 2003, ISBN 0-425-19293-8) is William Gibsons eighth novel, the first to be set in the contemporary world. ... William Ford Gibson (born March 17, 1948, Conway, South Carolina) is an American-born science fiction author resident in Canada since 1968. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...

Radio, film and television

• The Sixth Sense, a 1999 film starring Bruce Willis. The main character, a psychologist, realizes that audiotapes of his former patient interviews include the voices of dead people, who have been haunting the patient.
• Ghost Whisperer, 2005 TV series. In the episode "Voices", a dead woman tries to reach her son using EVP.
• Supernatural, a TV series launched in 2005 which draws from many legends and paranormal phenomena, frequently uses EVP as a plot device.
• White Noise, a 2005 film starring Michael Keaton, focuses exclusively on the phenomenon of EVP and the main character's attempts to contact his recently deceased wife through it. The filmmakers assert at the end of the film that 1 in 12 EVP messages received is threatening in nature, a figure disputed by many in the field.^[57]
• Coast To Coast AM hosts George Noory and Art Bell have explored the topic of EVP with featured guests such as Brendan Cook and Barbara McBeath of the Ghost Investigators Society, and paranormal investigator and demonologist Lou Gentile.^[58][59]
• The SciFi Channel's Ghost Hunters TV series often features EVP as part of investigations conducted by Atlantic Paranormal Society members^[60]
• The Spirit of John Lennon, a pay-per-view seance broadcast in 2006, in which TV crew members, a psychic, and an "expert in paranormal activity" claim the spirit of former Beatle John Lennon made contact with them through what was described as "an Electronic Voice Phenomenon (EVP)".^[61]

For other uses of this phrase see the Sixth sense disambigulation page. ... Convenience store window poster featuring American actor Bruce Willis. ... Ghost Whisperer is an American television drama-fantasy-thriller about a young woman who can communicate with the spirits of the dead. ... // Spoiler warning: Categories: | ... Supernatural is an American paranormal drama television series that debuted on September 13, 2005 on the WB, and is now part of The CWs lineup, where the second season premiered on September 28, 2006. ... White Noise is a 2005 drama/supernatural horror film, directed by Geoffrey Sax and produced by Brightlight Pictures. ... Michael Keaton (born Michael John Douglas on September 5, 1951) is an American actor best known for his roles in the films Batman, Batman Returns and Beetlejuice. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... George Ralph Noory (born June 4, 1950) is an American radio broadcaster. ... Arthur Bell III (c. ... For other uses of the name, see Ghosthunters (disambiguation). ... John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (October 9, 1940 – December 8, 1980), (born John Winston Lennon, known as John Ono Lennon) was an iconic English 20th century rock and roll songwriter and singer, best known as the founding member of The Beatles. ... A séance (SAY-ahnce) is, on its most basic level, an attempt to communicate with the dead. ... The term psychic comes from the Greek psychikos, meaning of the soul, mental, which is in turn derived from the Greek word psyche (soul/mind). ...

References

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... January 7 is the seventh day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 3 is the 337th (in leap years the 338th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dr. Konstantin Raudive (1906-1974). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Society for Psychical Research. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 27 is the 86th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (87th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... April 6 is the 96th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (97th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... March 8 is the 67th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (68th in leap years). ... James Randi (born August 7, 1928), stage name The Amazing Randi, is a stage magician and scientific skeptic best known as a debunker of pseudoscience. ... The Skeptics Dictionary is a web site with a collection of cross-referenced skeptical essays by Robert Todd Carroll, PhD. It primarily exposes claims that its editors consider pseudoscientific. ... Scientific American is a popular-science magazine, published (first weekly and later monthly) since August 28, 1845, making it the oldest continuously published magazine in the United States. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini era. ... February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Voices of Eternity, Sarah Estep, Fawcett (1988)
• EVP, Cinderella Science, by Gerry Connelly, Domra Pub. (2001)
• There is No Death, by Tom & Lisa Butler, AA-EVP Pub. (2003)
• Roads to Eternity, by Sarah Estep, Fawcett (2005)
• Experimenting With "EVP" - The Skeptic Express

See also

• Parapsychology
• Backward message
• Ghost hunting
• Reverse speech
• Pareidolia

Parapsychology is the study of certain types of paranormal phenomena (parapsychology comes from the Greek para, “beside, beyond,” + psychology, derived from the Greek psyche, “soul, mind,” + logos “rational discussion”). The term was coined by Max Dessoir (1889). ... A backward message (also known as backward masking or backmasking) is a supposed subliminal message hidden in an audio recording that is only fully apparent when played backwards. ... Ghost hunting is the process of investigating locations said to be haunted. ... Reverse speech is a hypothesis first put forward by David John Oates. ... Pareidolia (pronounced /pɛɹaɪˈdoliə/ or /pæraɪˈdəʊliə/) is a psychological phenomenon involving a vague and random stimulus (usually an image) being mistakenly perceived as recognizable. ...

External links

• The Beyond: E.V.P. - Theories, classification, techniques, ideas, and tutorials.
• The American Association of Electronic Voice Phenomena
• EVP Research Association United Kingdom
• Maryse and John Locke, researchers in Transcommunication
• Listen here to some Marcello Bacci Audio samples of Direct Radio Voices (DRV)
• "White Noise" - on The Atlantic Paranormal Society (TAPS) website.
• Stephen Wagner Talks about EVP on Associated Content
• Night Paranormal Paranormal Investigators
• Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal
• EVP Online Resource, Founded by TAPS's Bill Lonero
• Overview of EVP in Fortean Times by Judith Chisholm
• The official website of the G.I.S. - Ghost Investigators Society
• EVP: Beyond White Noise
• EVP in the Skeptic's Dictionary
• Raymond Cass - UK Pioneer of EVP research
• EVPs at Ufopsi
• Ghosts or Gobbledegook?- Karen Stollznow's Bad Language.
• EVP Information Site
• Site critical of pseudoskeptical commentators on EVP