The electronuclear force is the unification of the strong nuclear force and the electroweak force (itself a unification of weak nuclear force and electromagnetic force). This unification takes place at extremely high energies such as those thought to have existed between 10^-43 seconds and 10^-36 seconds after the Big Bang. The strong nuclear force or strong interaction (also called color force or colour force) is a fundamental force of nature which affects only quarks and antiquarks, and is mediated by gluons in a similar fashion to how the electromagnetic force is mediated by photons. ... In physics, the electroweak theory presents a unified description of two of the four fundamental forces of nature: electromagnetism and the weak nuclear force. ... The weak nuclear force or weak interaction is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... According to the Big Bang theory, the universe originated in an extremely dense and hot state (bottom). ...