In organic chemistry, an electrophilic addition reaction is an addition reaction where in chemical compound a pi bond is removed by the creation of two new covalent bonds. In electrophilic additions common substrates have a carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond. Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds. ... An addition reaction, in chemistry, is a reaction where two molecules combine to form a larger one. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are those bonds between two atoms in a molecule that do not exhibit orbital hybridization. ... Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ...

Y-Z + C=C → Y-C-C-Z

The driving force for this reaction is the formation of an electrophile Y⁺ that forms a covalent bond with a electron-rich unsaturated system (-C=C-) (step 1). The positive charge on Y is transferred to the carbon - carbon bond. In chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a reagent attracted to electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a substance. ... Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane. ... The term saturation generally means thoroughly full, and can refer to the following: In chemistry, see saturation (chemistry) for a number of meanings. ...

step (1) Y⁺ + -C=C- → Y-C-C⁺-

In step 2 of an electrophilic addition the positively charged intermediate combines with (Z) that is electron-rich to form the second covalent bond.

step (2) Y-C-C⁺- + Z → Y-C-C-Z

Step 2 is also found in a SN1 reaction. The exact nature of the electrophile and the nature of the positively charged intermediate is not always clear and depends on reactants and reaction conditions. The SN1 reaction is an organic reaction in chemistry. ...

In all asymmetric addition reactions to carbon regioselectivity is important and often determined by Markovnikov's rule. Organoborane compounds give anti-Markovnikov additions. Electrophilic attack to an aromatic system results in electrophilic aromatic substitution rather than an addition reaction. In chemistry, regioselectivity is the preference of one direction of chemical bond making or breaking over all other possible directions. ... In chemistry, Markovnikovs rule is an observation based on Zaitsevs Rule. ... Organoborane or organoboron compounds are chemical compounds comprised of boron and carbon. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... An electrophilic aromatic substitution is a chemical reaction in which a hydrogen atom of an aromatic ring is replaced by an electrophile. ...

Typical electrophilic additions

• dihalo addition reaction
• Hydrohalogenation
• Hydration reaction
• Hydrogenation
• Oxymercuration reaction
• Hydroboration-oxidation reaction

A halogen addition reaction is a simple organic reaction where a halogen molecule is added to the carbon-carbon double bond of an alkene functional group. ... Hydrohalogenation is the electrophilic addition of acids like hydrogen chloride or hydrogen bromide to alkenes to yield the corresponding haloalkanes. ... In organic chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a hydroxyl group (OH-) and a hydrogen cation (an acidic proton) are added to the two carbon atoms bonded together in the carbon-carbon double bond which makes up an alkene functional group. ... Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which unsaturated bonds between carbon atoms are reduced by attachment of a hydrogen atom to each carbon. ... A hydroboration-oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction found in organic chemistry and is used to add a hydroxyl group (OH-) and a hydrogen cation (H+) anti-Markovnikov. ...

See also

• The other basic organic chemistry raction types: elimination reactions, substitution reactions and rearrangement reactions