An electrostatic motor or capacitor motor is a type of electric motor based on the attraction and repulsion of electric charge. Electrostatic motors are the dual of conventional coil-based motors, and they typically require a high voltage power supply. Conventional electric motors instead employ magnetic attraction and repulsion, and require high current at low voltages. Electric motors of various sizes. ... Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. ... In electronics, the word dual refers to two devices or circuits that have mathematical descriptions that are identical except that voltages in one correspond to currents in the other, and vice versa. ...
Electrostatic motors could provide a source of mechanical free energy with atmospheric potential supplied by antennae. Radiant energy is the energy transported by electromagnetic waves. ... Atmosphere may refer to: a celestial body atmosphere, e. ... Antennae (singular antenna), are the paired appendages connecting to the first (and in crustaceans also to the second) segment of the head of the members of all subphyla of the arthropods except Chelicerata. ...
As Dr. Jefimenko points out, "It is clear that electrostatic motor research still constitutes an essentially unexplored area of physics and engineering, and that electrostatic motor research must be considered a potentially highly rewarding area among the many energy-related research endeavors.” The atmospheric potential of the planet is not less than 200,000 megawatts. He has succeeded in constructing demonstration motors that run continuously off atmospheric electricity. Jefimenko's largest output motor was an electret design that had a 0.1 Hp rating. “Outside-the-Box” Technologies, Their Critical Role Concerning Environmental Trends, and the Unnecessary Energy Crisis
The modern DC motor was invented by accident in 1873, when Zénobe Gramme connected a spinning dynamo to a second similar unit, driving it as a motor.
Generally, the rotational speed of a DC motor is proportional to the voltage applied to it, and the torque is proportional to the current.
Closely related in design to three-phase AC synchronous motors are stepper motors, where an internal rotor containing permanent magnets or a large iron core with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically.