Elektronika (Russian: Электроника) was the brand name used for many different electronic products such as calculators, electronic watches, portable games and radios in the Soviet Union. Many Elektronika designs were the result of dedicated reverse engineering efforts by Soviet engineers, who were working for the Soviet Military-industrial complex but were challenged with producing consumer goods which were in great shortage in Socialist economy. This article is about brands in marketing. ... The field of electronics comprises the study and use of systems that operate by controlling the flow of electrons (or other charge carriers) in devices such as thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) and semiconductors. ... Reverse engineering (RE) is the process of taking something (a device, an electrical component, a software program, etc. ... President Dwight Eisenhower famously referred to the military-industrial complex in his farewell speech. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ...

Calculators

Most notable is a line of calculators, which started production in 1968. The Elektronika calculators were produced in a variety of sizes and function sets, ranging from large, bulky four-function calculators to smaller models designed for use in schools operating on a special, safer 42V standard (like the MK-SCH-2). As time progressed, Elektronika calculators were produced that supported more advanced calculations, with some of the most recent models even offering full programmability and functionality similar to today's American-designed graphing calculators. For other uses, see Calculator (disambiguation). ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ...

These designs were based directly on Japanese or American calculators, and often many of the bugs from the original calculator would be found in the Elektronika version as well. Sometimes, significant errors were introduced during the design process, resulting in strange behavior during certain calculations. Elektronika calculators nevertheless had distinctive designs, legible displays, and were commonly available throughout the Soviet Union. Today, these relics can often be found on online auction sites directly from dealers in Ukraine that are willing to export them worldwide as souvenirs.

A list of Elektronika models can be found at List of Calculators. This is a list of types of calculators, many of which are obsolete but sought after by collectors. ...

Computers

• BK-0010 and BK-0011M (PDP11 clone)
• DVK
• MS 1502 (XT clone)
• KR-series (01/02/03/04) (RK-86 clones)
• Electronika 60
• UKNC

Electronics BK-0010 (Электроника БК-0010) is a series of Russian home computers from Elektronika that are clones of PDP-11. ... DVK-2 (ПЭВМ ДВК-2М) computer. ... The Electronika 60 was a terminal computer made in the Soviet Union by Elektronika. ... UKNC (Russian: ) was a Soviet PDP-11-compatible educational computer, aimed at teaching school informatics course. ...

Electronic toys

Model names for Elektronica-branded Nintendo Game & Watch clones start with IM (Russian acronym for microprocessor game). The known models include: Nintendo Company, Limited (任天堂 or ニンテンドー Nintendō; NASDAQ: NTDOY, TYO: 7974 usually referred to as simply Nintendo, or Big N ) is a multinational corporation founded on September 23, 1889[1] in Kyoto, Japan by Fusajiro Yamauchi to produce handmade hanafuda cards. ... Ball (Silver), 1980. ... A microprocessor (sometimes abbreviated µP) is a digital electronic component with transistors on a single semiconductor integrated circuit (IC). ...

• IM-02 Nu, pogodi! (1986) - Nintendo EG-26 Egg
• IM-03 Secrets of the Ocean (1989) - Nintendo OC-22 Octopus
• IM-04 Merry Cook (1989) - Nintendo FP-24 Chef
• MG-09 Space Bridge (1989) - Nintendo FR-27 Fire
• MG-13 Explorers from Space (1989)
• IM-18 Hunt (1989)
• IM-?? Funny Arithmetics (1989)
• IM-23 Car Slalom (1991)
• IM-50 Space Flight (1992)

Post-1992 versions: A scene from episode #1 Nu, pogodi! (Russian: Ну, погоди!, English translation: Just you wait!) is an animated cartoon series directed by Vyacheslav Kotyonochkin, produced at the Soyuzmultfilm studio in Moscow, between 1969 and 1986. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ...

• I-01 Car Slalom
• I-02 Merry Cook
• I-03 Space Bridge
• I-04 Cat the Fish-catcher
• I-05 Naval Combat
• I-06 Nu, pogodi!
• I-07 Frog the Croaker
• I-08 Hunt
• I-09 Explorers from Space
• I-10 Biathlon
• I-11 Circus
• I-12 Hockey
• I-13 Football
• I-14 Robbery
• I-15 Treasures of the Ocean

Original series:

• IM-29 Chess Partner

IM-11 Lunokhod was a clone of Bigtrak toy tank, a programmable battery-powered toy vehicle made by Milton Bradley Company. Lunokhod (Russian for Moon walker) 1 and 2 were a pair of unmanned lunar rovers landed on the Moon by the Soviet Union. ... BigTrak BIG TRAK / bigtrak was the programmable electric vehicle created by Milton Bradley in 1979. ... The Milton Bradley Company was an American game company established by Milton Bradley in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1860. ...

External links

• Museum of Soviet Calculators On the Web (MOSCOW) - the most thorough catalog of Soviet calculator designs to date
• Electronka IM Emulator
• Collection of Elektronika watches
• Article on Elektronika watches