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 | Shōgakko (小学校) is the elementary school in Japan. Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ...
Image File history File links Nuvola_apps_important. ...
More than 99 % of Japanese elementary school-age children are enrolled in school. All children enter first grade at age six, and starting school is considered a very important event in a child's life. Primary or elementary education is the first years of formal, structured education that occurs during childhood. ...
Virtually all elementary education takes place in public schools; less than 1 % of the schools are private. Private schools tended to be costly, although the rate of cost increases in tuition for these schools had slowed in the 1980s. Some private elementary schools are prestigious, and they serve as a first step to higher-level private schools with which they are affiliated, and thence to a university. Competition to enter some of these "ladder schools" is quite intense.
Although public elementary education is free, some school expenses are borne by parents, for example, school lunches and supplies. For many families, there are also nonschool educational expenses, for extra books, or private lessons, or juku. Such expenses rose throughout the 1980s, reaching an average of 184,000 Yen in FY 1987 for each child. Costs for private elementary schools are substantially higher. Cram schools are specialized schools that train their students to meet particular goals, most commonly to pass the entrance examinations of high schools or universities. ...
Japanese 10 yen coin (obverse) showing Phoenix Hall of Byodoin Yen is the currency used in Japan. ...
Elementary school classes are large, about thirty-one students per class on average, but higher numbers are permitted. Students are usually organized into small work groups, which have both academic and disciplinary functions. Discipline also is maintained, and a sense of responsibility encouraged, by the use of student monitors and by having the students assume responsibility for the physical appearance of their classroom and school. A university classroom with permanently-installed desk-chairs and green chalkboards. ...
Course of study
The ministry's Course of Study for Elementary Schools is composed of a wide variety of subjects, both academic and nonacademic, including moral education and "special activities." "Special activities" refer to scheduled weekly time given over to class affairs and to preparing for the school activities and ceremonies that are used to emphasize character development and the importance of group effort and cooperation. The standard academic curriculum include Japanese language, social studies, arithmetic, and science. Nonacademic subjects taught include art and handicrafts, music, homemaking, physical education, and moral education. Japanese language is the most emphasized subject. The complexity of the written language and the diversity of its spoken forms in educated speech (keigo) require this early attention. ...
Japanese ) is a language spoken by over 130 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant communities around the world. ...
Social studies is a term used to describe the broad study of the various fields which involve past and current human behavior and interactions. ...
Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αÏιθμός = number) is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple daily counting to advanced science and business calculations. ...
Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ...
The Bath, a painting by Mary Cassatt (1844-1926). ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Applied art. ...
For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ...
Two homemakers. ...
Physical instruction at the U.S. Naval Training Station, Newport, Rhode Island, 1917 Physical education (PE) is the interdisciplinary study of all areas of science relating to the transmission of physical knowledge and skills to an individual or a group, the application of these skills, and their results. ...
Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji This article describes the modern Japanese writing system and its history. ...
There are several different levels of politeness in the Japanese language, keigo (敬語) being the highest. ...
A new course of study was established in 1989, partly as a result of the education reform movement of the 1980s and partly because of ongoing curriculum review. Important changes scheduled were an increased number of hours devoted to Japanese language, the replacement of the social sciences course with a daily life course- -instruction for children on proper interaction with the society and environment around them--and an increased emphasis on moral education. While evidence is still inconclusive, it appears that at least some children are having difficulties with the Japanese language. New emphasis also was to be given in the curriculum to the national flag and the national anthem. The ministry suggested that the flag be flown and the national anthem sung at important school ceremonies. Because neither the flag nor the anthem had been legally designated as national symbols, and because of the nationalistic wartime associations the two had in the minds of some citizens, this suggestion was greeted with some opposition. The revised history curriculum emphasized cultural legacies and events and the biographies of key figures. The ministry provided a proposed list of biographies, and there was some criticism surrounding particular suggestions. A national flag is a flag that symbolises a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that country. ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that is evoking and eulogizing the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nations government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ...
Office building Office building The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology ), also known as MEXT, is one of the ministries of the Japanese government. ...
Teachers Elementary teachers are generally responsible for all subjects, and classes remain in one room for most activities. Teachers are well prepared. Most teachers, about 60 % of the total, are women; but most principals and head teachers in elementary schools are men. A principal is generally the chief administrator in an elementary school, middle school, or high school. ...
Equipment There is an excellent system of educational television and radio, and almost all elementary schools use programs prepared by the School Education Division of Japan's ex Broadcasting Corporation (Nippon Hoso Kyokai--NHK). In addition to broadcast media, schools increasingly are equipped with computers. Although only 6.5 % of public elementary schools had personal computers in 1986, by 1989 the number had passed 20 %. Educational Television (Traditional Chinese: 教育電視), shortly known as ETV, is a series of educational television programmes jointly produced by Radio Television Hong Kong and Education and Manpower Bureau (formerly Education Department) of Hong Kong. ...
NHK NHK (日本放é€å”会, Nippon HÅsÅ KyÅkai), or Japan Broadcasting Corporation, is Japans public broadcaster. ...
Lunch Virtually all elementary schoolchildren receive a full lunch at school. Although heavily subsidized by the government, both directly and indirectly, the program is not altogether free. Full meals usually consist of bread (or increasingly, of rice), a main dish, and milk. Although the program grew out of concern in the immediate postwar period for adequate nutrition, the school lunch is also important as a teaching device. Because there are relatively few cafeterias in elementary schools, meals are taken in the classroom with the teacher, providing another informal opportunity for teaching nutrition and health and good eating habits and social behavior. Frequently, students also are responsible for serving the lunch and cleaning up. The updated USDA food pyramid, published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption. ...
Problems Japanese elementary schooling is acknowledged both in Japan and abroad to be excellent, but not without some problems, notably increasing absenteeism and school refusal and a declining but troublesome number of cases of bullying (ijime). In addition, special provision for the many young children returning to Japan from long absences overseas is an issue of major interest. The government also is concerned with the education of Japanese children residing abroad, and it sends teachers overseas to teach in Japanese schools. School refusal is a term originally used in Great Britain to describe refusal to attend school, due to emotional distress. ...
Bullying involves the tormenting of others through verbal harassment, physical assault, or other more subtle methods of coercion such as manipulation. ...
In 2003, a boy was told to kill him self by jumping off from a rooftop, because his great-grandfather was an American, by a thacher. 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Society's view Elementary school education is seen in Japan as fundamental in shaping a positive attitude toward lifelong education. Regardless of academic achievement, almost all children in elementary school are advanced to junior high schools (lower secondary schools), the second of the two compulsory levels of education. Middle school (known also as intermediate school or junior high school) covers a period of education that straddles primary education and secondary education, serving as a bridge between the two. ...
History In Edo period, people made their children go to terakoya, where children learn practical methods of reading, writing, and calculation. The following text needs to be harmonized with text in the article History of Japan#Edo Period. ...
Terakoya (寺å屋, which literally means temple schools) are private educational institutions that taught writing and reading to the children of Japanese commoners during the Edo era. ...
In 1886, modern elementary school system started as compulsory education. The term was 6 years, same as today's elementary schools. Until 1947, elementary schools were the only compulsory education for Japanese people. Compulsory education is education which children are required by law to receive and governments to provide. ...
Reference The Country Studies are works published by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress ( USA), freely available for use by researchers. ...
The U.S. Constitution, adopted in 1789 by a constitutional convention, sets down the basic framework of American government in its seven articles. ...
The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...
External links - Discussion on bullying in Japanese schools (Nov. 2006) (Streaming audio & mp3)
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