Eleutheria is a play by Samuel Beckett, written in French in 1947. It was his first completed dramatic endeavour (after an aborted effort about Samuel Johnson). Roger Blin was considering staging it in the early fifties, but opted for Waiting for Godot, because it was so much cheaper. At this point, Beckett suppressed the manuscript, as was his custom for much of his lesser works.

In 1985, his long term American publisher, Barney Rosset, was fired after a buyout of Grove Press. Beckett offered to help Rosset, and proposed translating Eleutheria into English for him to publish. In the end, Beckett couldn't bring himself to do so, and offered other work.

After Beckett's death in 1989, Rosset still favored publishing Eleutheria in English. It was his view, that like so much other work that Beckett suppressed but eventually published, he would have changed his mind again had he lived. But J�r�me Lindon, Beckett's French publisher and literary executor, was against publication. After much wrangling and some legal threats, Lindon and the estate reluctantly allowed Rosset to publish, and issued their own in the original French. The estate will not grant performance licenses, however, a few private shows have been done.

The American edition, published in 1995 by Rosset's new company Foxrock, is translated by Michael Brodsky, himself a novelist and playwright. (The title gained an extra accent: Eleuth�ria.) The English has been criticized as too "American", and thus not appropriate for Beckett. A British edition was published in 1996 by Faber and Faber, translated by Barbara Wright.

The plot concerns the efforts of a young man, Victor Krap, to cut himself off from society and his own family (the title reflects this: "Eleutheria" is Greek for "liberty"). Beckett recycled this name for his play Krapp's Last Tape. It is Beckett's only three act play.