Eli Biham is an Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst, currently a professor at the Technion Israeli Institute of Technology Computer Science department. Biham received his Ph.D. for inventing (publicly) differential cryptanalysis, while working under Adi Shamir. It had, it turned out, been invented at least twice before. A team at IBM discovered it during their work on DES, and was requested/required to keep their discovery secret by the NSA, who evidently knew about it as well. Pre-19th century Leone Battista Alberti, polymath/universal genius, inventor of polyalphabetic substitution (see frequency analysis for the significance of this -- missed by most for a long time and dumbed down in the Vigenère cipher), and what may have been the first mechanical encryption aid. ... Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. ... The Technion - Israel Institute of Technology (הטכניון - מכון טכנולוגי לישראל) is a university in Haifa, Israel. ... Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... IBM redirects here. ... The Data Encryption Standard (DES) is a cipher (a method for encrypting information) selected as an official Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) for the United States in 1976, and which has subsequently enjoyed widespread use internationally. ... Lieutenant General Keith B. Alexander, 16th and current director of the NSA (2005–). The National Security Agency/Central Security Service (NSA/CSS) is the United States governments cryptologic organization that was officially established on November 4, 1952. ...

In addition to his many contributions to cryptanalysis, Biham has taken part in the design of several new cryptographic primitives:

• Serpent (with Ross Anderson and Lars Knudsen), a block cipher which was one of the final five contenders to become the Advanced Encryption Standard
• Tiger (with Ross Anderson), a hash function fast on 64-bit machines, and
• Py (with Jennifer Seberry), a fast stream cipher which has some cryptanalytic claims against it.

Among his many contributions to cryptanalysis one can count: Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher which was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard contest, where it came second to Rijndael. ... Ross J. Anderson is a researcher, writer, and industry consultant in security engineering. ... Lars R. Knudsen Lars Ramkilde Knudsen (born February 21, 1962) is a Danish researcher in cryptography, particularly interested in the design and analysis of block ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes (MACs). ... Encryption Decryption In cryptography, a block cipher is a symmetric key cipher which operates on fixed-length groups of bits, termed blocks, with an unvarying transformation. ... The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), was chosen using a process markedly more open and transparent than its predecessor, the ageing Data Encryption Standard (DES). ... In cryptography, Tiger is a cryptographic hash function designed by Ross Anderson and Eli Biham in 1996 with a view for efficiency on 64-bit platforms. ... Ross J. Anderson is a researcher, writer, and industry consultant in security engineering. ... A hash function [1] is a reproducible method of turning some kind of data into a (relatively) small number that may serve as a digital fingerprint of the data. ... Py is a stream cipher submitted to eSTREAM by Eli Biham and Jennifer Seberry. ... Jennifer Seberry is Professor and Former Head, Department of Computer Science and the Director at the Centre for Computer Security Research at University of Wollongong, Australia. ... The operation of A5/1, a LFSR-based stream cipher used to encrypt mobile phone conversations. ...

• differential cryptanalysis - publicly invented during his Ph.D. studies under Adi Shamir
• Attacking all triple modes of operation.
• impossible differential cryptanalysis - joint work with Adi Shamir and Alex Biryukov
• Breaking (together with Lars Knudsen) the ANSI X9.52 CBCM mode (few days before the final standartization)
• Breaking the GSM security mechanisms (with Elad Barkan and Nathan Keller)
• Invention of Related-key attacks.
• Differential Fault Analysis - joint work with Adi Shamir

Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Alex Biryukov is a cryptographer, currently an assistant professor at the University of Luxembourg. ... Lars R. Knudsen Lars Ramkilde Knudsen (born February 21, 1962) is a Danish researcher in cryptography, particularly interested in the design and analysis of block ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes (MACs). ... Not to be confused with Get Some Mates The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

External links

• Eli Biham's homepage at Technion