NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Elias Hrawi

Elias Hrawi (Arabic: الياس الهراوي) ,(September 4, 1926–July 7, 2006) was a former President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998. He was a native of the Beqaa valley. He was elected on 24 November 1989, two days after the assassination of René Moawad, who had held office for just seventeen days. When his term was due to expire in 1995, the National Assembly amended the constitution to allow him to remain in office for another three years. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... is the 247th day of the year (248th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... This page lists presidents of Lebanon. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Béqaa is a region in Lebanon with a population of 750,000 inhabitants. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... RenÃ© Moawad RenÃ© Moawad (1925 - November 22, 1989) was President of Lebanon for 17 days in 1989, from the 5th to the 22nd of November, when he was assassinated. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ...

Hrawi was born in Hawch Al-Umara, near Zahle, to a landowning Maronite family. He was educated at Saint Joseph University in Beirut, from which he graduated with a law degree. A successful farmer and businessman, he started a vegetable export business, dealing with major Swiss companies. He also headed the Beqaa sugarbeet cooperative. When his export business was destroyed by the civil war that raged from 1975 to 1990, he switched his line of business to oil importing. ZahlÃ© (Arabic: Ø²ØÙ„Ø©; also transliterated Zahlah or Zahleh) is the capital of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon. ... Maronites (Marunoye Ü¡ÜªÜ˜Ü¢ÜÜÜ¶; in Syriac, MÃ¢runiyya Ù…Ø§Ø±ÙˆÙ†ÙŠØ© in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ... Universite de Saint-Joseph is a private higher institute of education founded by the Jesuits in 1875 in Beirut, Lebanon, known for its school of medicine and its hospital, HÃ´tel-Dieu de France. ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... Béqaa is a region in Lebanon with a population of 750,000 inhabitants. ... Combatants Lebanese Front Syria LNM PLO Commanders Bachir Gemayel Dany Chamoun Kamal Jumblatt Yasser Arafat The multi-sided Lebanese Civil War (1975â€“1990) had its origin in the conflicts and political compromises after the end of Lebanons administration by the Ottoman Empire and was exacerbated by the nations... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ...

The scion of a politically prominent family, Hrawi followed his brothers Georges and Joseph when he was elected to the National Assembly in 1972. From 1980 to 1982, he served in the Cabinet as Minister of Public Works under President Elias Sarkis and Prime Minister Shafik Wazzan. He concentrated on building bridges and highways to link all parts of the country. The National Assembly of Lebanon is the Lebanese national legislature. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Elias Sarkis Elias Sarkis (20 July 1924 - 1985) was President of Lebanon from 1976 to 1982. ... This page lists prime ministers of Lebanon. ... Shafik Wazzan was the prime minister of Lebanon from 1980 until 1984. ...

As President, Hrawi signed into law amendments to the Constitution that formalized the Taif Agreement reforms, giving a greater measure of power and influence to Lebanon's Muslim community than before. On 13 October 1990, with support from the Syrian army, he forced General Michel Aoun, who was heading a rival unconstitutional administration, to surrender in order to begin the reconstruction of Lebanon. On 22 May 1991, he signed the Treaty of fraternity, co-ordination and co-operation with Syria, in which Lebanon promised not to allow its territory to be used against Syria's interests. The Taif Agreement was negotiated in Taif, Saudi Arabia by the surviving members of Lebanons 1972 parliament; fathered by Parliament Speaker President Hussein El-Husseini. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…Ø§Ù†, Turkish: MÃ¼slÃ¼man, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... October 13 is the 286th day of the year (287th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... The President of Syria is commander in chief of the Syrian armed forces, comprising some 320,000 troops upon mobilization. ... Michel Naim Aoun (Arabic: Ù…ÙŠØ´Ø§Ù„ Ø¹ÙˆÙ†) (born 17 February 1935 in Beirut) is a Lebanese military commander and politician. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ...

Lebanese are divided in their opinion of Hrawi. Many appreciate his decisiveness in acting against the feuding militias, ending the civil war that had been tearing the country apart for fifteen years and reuniting the major political parties of Lebanon. His supporters viewed him as a realist political figure, and respected him for his long-held conviction that national loyalty should take precedence over sectarian interests, and for promoting peaceful coexistence among Lebanon's religious factions. Some have accused him of inconsistency for disarming all Christian and most Muslim militias - but not Hezbollah, a Shi'a political party. His critics also point out that he was very supportive of Syrian interests and charge that the cooperation treaty that he signed effectively turned Lebanon into a Syrian colony. He has also been criticized by some for having the Constitution amended to extend his term of office by three years; former President Amine Gemayel said at the time that such actions (which he charged were taken "almost casually") undermined the delicate constitutional fabric of the nation, and others have said since that it created the precedent that his successor, Emile Lahoud, would follow (at Syria's behest) in 2004, when his own term of office was similarly extended for three years. For other uses, see Hezbollah (disambiguation). ... ShÄ«â€˜a Islam, also Shiâ€˜ite Islam, or Shiâ€˜ism (Arabic ) is the second largest denomination of the Islamic faith. ... Sheikh Amine with George W. Bush on February 8 2007 Sheikh Amine Pierre Gemayel (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ø´ÙŠØ® Ø£Ù…ÙŠÙ† Ø¨ÙŠØ§Ø± Ø§Ù„Ø¬Ù…ÙŠÙŒÙ„) (born January 22, 1942) was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988. ... Ã‰mile Lahoud General Ã‰mile Geamil Lahoud (Arabic: Ø§Ù…ÙŠÙ„ Ù„ØÙˆØ¯) (born January 12, 1936) is the current President of Lebanon. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Hrawi was married to Mona Jammal and had three sons (George, Roy and Roland) and two daughters (Rina and Zalfa).

He died of cancer at the American University Hospital in Beirut. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ...

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