NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Elizabeth Bishop

Elizabeth Bishop (February 8, 1911 – October 6, 1979), was an American poet and writer. She was the Poet Laureate of the United States from 1949 to 1950. She enjoyed critical acclaim in her lifetime, and her poetry continues to be widely read and studied. Ella is considered one of the finest 20th century poets to have written in English. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Massachusetts. ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E - City Manager Michael V. OBrien - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Massachusetts. ... Boston redirects here. ... This article is about work. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress is appointed by the United States Librarian of Congress and earns a stipend of $35,000 a year. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... ... American Modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the USA starting at the turn of the 20th Century with its core period between World War I and World War II. Characteristically, Modernist art has a tendency to abstraction, is innovative, aesthetic, futuristic and self-referential. ... Marianne Moore photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Marianne Moore (December 11, 1887 - February 5, 1972) was a Modernist American poet and writer. ... Robert Lowell (March 1, 1917â€“September 12, 1977), born Robert Traill Spence Lowell, IV, was a highly regarded mid-twentieth-century American poet. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ... Andrew Nelson Lytle (1902-December 12, 1995) was an American poet, dramatist, and professor of literature. ... Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 â€“ April 19, 1998) was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature. ... JoÃ£o Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999) was born in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and is considered one of the greatest Brazilian poets of all time. ... Carlos Drummond de Andrade (October 31, 1902 - August 17, 1987) was perhaps the most influential Brazilian poet of the 20th century. ... Frank Bidart (b. ... Eamon Grennan (1941 - ) is an Irish poet born in Dublin. ... Margherita Guidacci (April 25, 1921-1992), was an Italian poet born in Florence, Italy. ... Mary Jo Salter (1954 - ) is an American poet, a coeditor of The Norton Anthology of Poetry [1] and is the Emily Dickinson Senior Lecturer in the Humanities at Mount Holyoke College. ... Lloyd Schwartz is an American poet who is Frederick S. Troy Professor of English at The University of Massachusetts Boston, Classical Music Editor of The Boston Phoenix, and a regular commentator for NPRs Fresh Air. ... Biography Poet Jo Shapcott was born in London in 1953. ... Anne Stevenson is an American-British poet and writer. ... Colm TÃ³ibÃn Colm TÃ³ibÃn (pronounced ) (born 1955 in Enniscorthy, County Wexford, Ireland) is an Irish novelist and critic. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... A writer is anyone who creates a written work, although the word more usually designates those who write creatively or professionally, or those who have written in many different forms. ... The Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress is appointed by the United States Librarian of Congress and earns a stipend of $35,000 a year. ...

Youth

Elizabeth Bishop was born in Worcester, Massachusetts to William Thomas Bishop and Gertrude Bulmer Bishop. Elizabeth’s father, who was an executive of Bishop Contractors, a family-owned New England construction firm, died of Bright's disease when she was eight months old. In the wake of that event, Bishop’s mother descended into mental illness and was institutionalized in 1916, when Elizabeth was five. Although Bishop’s mother would live until 1934 in an asylum, they would not meet again. Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E - City Manager Michael V. OBrien - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen... Brights disease is a historical classification of kidney diseases that would be described in modern medicine as acute or chronic nephritis. ...

Effectively orphaned, Bishop lived with her Canadian Bulmer grandparents in Great Village, Nova Scotia, a period she remembered fondly and would later idealize in her writing. She passed an unhappy nine months with her father's family in Boston, Massachusetts (described in her memoir The Country Mouse), where she developed asthma and eczema, the first of many allergies Bishop suffered in her lifetime. Her health improved when she moved near Boston to live with her Aunt Maud, her mother’s sister. Great Village is a community of approximately 500 people located along Nova Scotia Highway 2 and the north shore of Cobequid Bay in Colchester County Nova Scotia. ... Boston redirects here. ...

Bishop’s education was financed by a small trust endowed by her father, which diminished over the years with inflation. Bishop boarded at the Walnut Hill School in Natick, Massachusetts, where her first poems were published by her friend Frani Blough in a student magazine. She entered Vassar College in the fall of 1929, shortly before the stock market crash. In 1933 she co-founded Con Spirito, a rebel literary magazine at Vassar, with writer Mary McCarthy (one year her senior), Margaret Miller, and the sisters Eunice and Eleanor Clark. Walnut Hill School campus Walnut Hill School is a private boarding school for the arts located in Natick, Massachusetts. ... Natick Common, Halloween 2004 Natick (Pronunciation IPA: ) is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Vassar College is a private, coeducational, liberal arts college situated in Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. Founded as a womens college in 1861, it was the first member of the Seven Sisters to become coeducational. ... Year 1933 (MCMXXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Mary McCarthy may refer to: Mary McCarthy (author), novelist, critic, and memoirist (1912-1989) Mary McCarthy (CIA), a former CIA employee accused of leaking information Mary McCarthy (screenwriter) This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Eleanor Clark (July 6, 1913 â€“ 1996) was an American writer. ...

Young writer

Bishop was greatly influenced by the poet Marianne Moore, to whom she was introduced by the librarian at Vassar in 1934. Moore took a keen interest in Bishop’s work, and at one point Moore dissuaded Bishop from attending Cornell Medical School, in which the poet had briefly enrolled herself after moving to New York City following her Vassar graduation. It was four years before Bishop addressed ‘Dear Miss Moore’ as ‘Dear Marianne,’ and only then at the elder poet’s invitation. The friendship between the two women, memorialized by an extensive correspondence (see One Art), endured until Moore's death in 1972. Marianne Moore photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1948 Marianne Moore (December 11, 1887 - February 5, 1972) was a Modernist American poet and writer. ... The Joan and Sanford I. Weill Medical College and Graduate School of Medical Sciences is the medical school and biomedical research unit of Cornell University. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ...

Bishop is a poet of geographic meditations and displacements (the first poem in her first book North & South is called “The Map”). She traveled widely and lived in many cities and countries, many of which are described in her poems. She lived in France for several years in the mid-1930s, thanks in part to the patronage of Vassar friend, Louise Crane, who was a paper-manufacturing heiress. In 1938 Bishop purchased a house with Crane at 624 White Street in Key West, Florida. While living there Bishop made the acquaintance of Pauline Pfeiffer Hemingway, who had divorced Ernest in 1940. Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Map of Key West Key West is a city located in Monroe County, Florida. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami metropolitan area Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] kmÂ²) - Width 361 miles (582 km) - Length 447 miles (721 km) - % water 17. ... Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 â€“ July 2, 1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. ...

She was introduced to Robert Lowell by Randall Jarrell in 1947. She wrote the poem "Visits to St. Elizabeth's" in 1950 as a recollection of visits to Ezra Pound when he was confined there. She also met James Merrill in 1947, and became a close friend of the poet in later years. Robert Lowell (March 1, 1917â€“September 12, 1977), born Robert Traill Spence Lowell, IV, was a highly regarded mid-twentieth-century American poet. ... Photograph of Jarrell in 1956 Randall Jarrell (May 6, 1914 â€“ October 15, 1965), was a United States author, writer and poet. ... Visits to St Elizabeths is a poem by Elizabeth Bishop which is modelled on the English nursery rhyme This is the house that Jack built. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ... poet James Merrill, age 30, in a 1957 publicity photograph for The Seraglio James Ingram Merrill (March 3, 1926 - February 6, 1995) was a Pulitzer Prize winning American writer, increasingly regarded as one of the most important 20th century poets in the English language. ...

Writing career

In 1946, Marianne Moore suggested Bishop for the Houghton Mifflin Prize for poetry, which Bishop won. Her first book, North & South, was published in 1,000 copies. The book prompted Randall Jarrell — then the most important poetry critic in America — to write that “all her poems have written underneath, I have seen it.” North and South is a novel by Elizabeth Gaskell, first published in 1854. ...

Bishop, who struggled financially through much of her career, increasingly relied on grants, fellowships, and awards to support her writing. Upon receiving a substantial $2,500 travelling fellowship from Bryn Mawr College in 1951, Bishop set off to circumnavigate South America by boat. Arriving in Santos, Brazil in November of that year, Bishop expected to stay two weeks but stayed 15 years. Bryn Mawr College (pronounced ) is a highly selective womens liberal arts college located in Bryn Mawr, a community in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania, ten miles northwest of Philadelphia. ... Motto: Patriam Charitatem et Libertatem Docui (Latin: To the homeland I taught charity and liberty) Location in the state of SÃ£o Paulo and Brazil Coordinates: , Country Brazil Region Southeast State SÃ£o Paulo Settled 1546 Incorporated 1839 Government - Mayor JoÃ£o Paulo Tavares Papa (PMDB) Area - City 280. ...

While living in Brazil in 1956, Bishop received the Pulitzer Prize for her collection of poetry, North & South — A Cold Spring. She later received the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, as well as two Guggenheim fellowships and an Ingram Merrill Foundation grant. In 1976, she became the first woman to receive the Neustadt International Prize for Literature, and remains the only American to be awarded that prize.^[1] The Pulitzer Prize is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in print journalism, literary achievements, and musical composition. ... The National Book Awards is one of the most preeminent literary prizes in the United States. ... The National Book Critics Circle (NBCC) is an American association of approximately seven hundred book reviewers. ... Guggenheim can be a reference to any of a number of members or interests of the Meyer Guggenheim family, including: Meyer Guggenheim, or his descendants: Guggenheim family; The Guggenheim Museums; foundations such as the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation, John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation (see also Guggenheim Fellowship), and the Harry... The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is a biennial award for literature sponsored by the University of Oklahoma and World Literature Today. ...

Bishop often contributed articles to The New Yorker, and in 1964 wrote the obituary for Flannery O'Connor in The New York Review of Books. For other uses, see New Yorker. ... Mary Flannery OConnor (March 25, 1925â€“August 3, 1964) was an American author. ... This article is about the literary magazine. ...

Bishop lectured in higher education for a number of years. For a short time she taught at the University of Washington, before teaching at Harvard for seven years. She also taught at New York University, before finishing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She often spent her summers in her summer house in Maine, on an island called North Haven. The University of Washington, founded in 1861, is a public research university in Seattle, Washington. ... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and a member of the Ivy League. ... New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university in New York City. ... â€œMITâ€ redirects here. ...

Translator

It was during her time in Brazil that Elizabeth Bishop became greatly interested in the languages and literatures of Latin America. Amongst the many poets she translated into English and was influenced by, were the great Mexican poet, Octavio Paz, as well as the great Brazilian poets : João Cabral de Melo Neto and Carlos Drummond de Andrade, of whom she said : Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Octavio Paz Lozano (March 31, 1914 â€“ April 19, 1998) was a Mexican writer, poet, and diplomat, and the winner of the 1990 Nobel Prize in Literature. ... JoÃ£o Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999) was born in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, and is considered one of the greatest Brazilian poets of all time. ... Carlos Drummond de Andrade (October 31, 1902 - August 17, 1987) was perhaps the most influential Brazilian poet of the 20th century. ...

Personal life

Elizabeth Bishop has become an iconic lesbian poet. She had affairs with women, and her long-term relationship with Brazilian socialite and architect Lota de Macedo Soares can be considered a civil partnership. Soares was descended from a prominent and notable political family; the two lived as a couple for fifteen years. However, in its later years the relationship deteriorated, becoming volatile and tempestuous, marked by bouts of depression, tantrums and alcoholism. Bishop had an affair with another woman and ultimately left Lota and returned to the United States. Soares, suffering from depression, followed Bishop to America, and committed suicide in 1967.^[3] This article is about same-sex desire and sexuality among women. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Maria Carlota Costallat de Macedo Soares was a Brazilian aesthete, who conceived and constructed the Parque do Flamengo (Park of the Flamingo), an enormous contribution to the city of Rio de Janeiro. ... One of four newly wedded same-sex couples in a public wedding at Taiwan Pride 2006. ... Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ...

In 1971, Elizabeth began a relationship with Alice Methfessel who became her partner and her literary executor after her death. ^[4]

Death

On 6 October 1979 Bishop died of a cerebral hemorrhage in her apartment at Lewis Wharf, Boston. She is buried in Worcester, Massachusetts. ^[5] A cerebral hemorrhage is a bleed into the substance of the cerebrum. ...

Works

Other works: // W.H. Auden becomes a U.S. citizen Cleanth Brooks, The Well Wrought Urn: Studies in the Structure of Poetry Roy Campbell, Talking Bronco Walter De la Mare, The Traveller Henry Reed, A Map of Verona, including Naming of Parts Dylan Thomas, Deaths and Entrances, including Fern Hill and A... // The Group, a British poetry movement, starts meeting in London with gatherings taking place once a week, on Friday evenings, at first at Hobsbaums flat and later at the house of Edward Lucie-Smith. ... // City Lights Books publishes Howl and Other Poems by Allen Ginsburg Aniara - Harry Martinson National Book Award for Poetry: W.H. Auden, The Shield of Achilles Pulitzer Prize for Poetry: Elizabeth Bishop: Poems - North & South Queens Gold Medal for Poetry: Edmund Blunden date unknown - Amy Gerstler, poet June 22... // Meic Stephens founds Poetry Wales Russian poet Anna Akhmatova was allowed to travel outside the Soviet Union to Sicily and England in order to receive the Taormina prize and an honorary doctoral degree from Oxford University Randall Jarrell, Little Friend, Little Friend Seamus Heaney, Death of a Naturalist Philip Larkin... // FIELD Magazine founded Charles Bukowski quits his day job as a Post Office clerk in Los Angeles to embark on a writing career after being promised a $100 stipend from Black Sparrow Press. ... // Two poems written in 1965 by Mao Zedong just before the Cultural Revolution, including Two Birds: A Dialogue, are published on January 1[1] Elizabeth Bishop, One Act Marya Fiamengo, In Praise of Older Women Thom Gunn, Jack Straws Castle Derek Walcott, Sea Grapes James Merrill: Divine Comedies, including... // Maya Angelou, Shaker, Why Dont You Sing? Elizabeth Bishop, Collected Poems 1927-1979 (posthumous) Amy Clampitt, Kingfisher Hilda Doolittle (H.D.), Collected Poems, 1912â€“1944 (posthumous) Kenneth Slessor Prize for Poetry: Vivian Smith, Tide Country See 1983 Governor Generals Awards for a complete list of winners and finalists... // French public notary Patrick Huet unveils Pieces of Hope to the Echo of the World in Lyon. ...

See also: 1956 in literature, other events of 1957, 1958 in literature, list of years in literature. ... Clarice Lispector (December 10, 1920 - December 9, 1977) was a Brazilian writer. ... See also: 1963 in literature, other events of 1964, 1965 in literature, list of years in literature. ... See also: 1967 in literature, other events of 1968, 1969 in literature, list of years in literature. ... // John Betjeman becomes Poet Laureate A.R. Ammons: Briefings: Poems Small and Easy Collected Poems: 1951-1971, winner of the National Book Award in 1973 John Ashbery, Three Poems Ted Berrigan, Ron Padgett, and Tom Clark, Back In Boston Again John Berryman, (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux) Elizabeth Bishop and... See also: 1983 in literature, other events of 1984, 1985 in literature, list of years in literature. ... The year 1996 in literature involved some significant events and new books. ...

Awards and honors

In 2007 the Walnut Hill School named a new dormitory in Bishop's honor. Guggenheim Fellowships are awarded annually by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. ... American Academy of Arts and Letters is an organization whose goal is to foster, assist, and sustain an interest in American literature, music, and art. ... The Shelley Memorial Award of more than $3,500, given out by the Poetry Society of America, was established by the will of the late Mary P. Sears, The prize is given to a living American poet selected with reference to genius and need. ... Langston Hughes, National Institure of Arts and Letters This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... The Pulitzer Prize in Poetry has been presented since 1922 for a distinguished volume of original verse by an American author. ... The Academy of American Poets is the largest organization in the United States dedicated to the art of poetry. ... The National Book Awards is one of the most preeminent literary prizes in the United States. ... The Neustadt International Prize for Literature is a biennial award sponsored by the University of Oklahoma and World Literature Today. ... American Academy of Arts and Letters is an organization whose goal is to foster, assist, and sustain an interest in American literature, music, and art. ... The National Book Critics Circle (NBCC) is an American association of approximately seven hundred book reviewers. ... Guggenheim Fellowships are awarded annually by the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation to those who have demonstrated exceptional capacity for productive scholarship or exceptional creative ability in the arts. ... Walnut Hill School campus Walnut Hill School is a private boarding school for the arts located in Natick, Massachusetts. ...

Bibliography

References

External links

Categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements since February 2007 | 1911 births | 1979 deaths | American poets | American women writers | Lesbian writers | Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winners | American Poets Laureate | Vassar College alumni | People from Worcester, Massachusetts Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is one of a family of wiki-based projects run by the Wikimedia Foundation, running on MediaWiki software. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ... moondance magazine - photo Moondance magazine[1] is an online international womens literary, culture and art journal. ... The Atlantic Monthly (also known as The Atlantic) is an American literary/cultural magazine that was founded in November 1857. ... See Casabianca (disambiguation) for other meanings Casabianca is a poem written in the early 19th century by British poet Felicia Hemans (who was, before about 1950, generally credited as Mrs. ... Felicia Hemans (September 25, 1793 - 1835), was an English poetess. ... is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Nickname: Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1673 Incorporated 1684 Government - Type Council-manager also known as Plan E - City Manager Michael V. OBrien - Mayor Konstantina B. Lukes - City Council Dennis L. Irish Michael C. Perotto Joseph M. Petty Gary Rosen Kathleen... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1979 by Smashing Pumpkins. ... Boston redirects here. ...

Contents

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