Elizabeth Blackwell
Elizabeth Blackwell
Born	February 3, 1821 Bristol
Died	May 31, 1910

Blackwell was commemorated on a U.S. postage stamp.

Elizabeth Blackwell (February 3, 1821 – May 31, 1910) was an abolitionist, women's rights activist, and the first female doctor in the United States. [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the English city. ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... u. ... u. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the abolition of slavery. ... The term women’s rights typically refers to freedoms inherently possessed by women and girls of all ages, which may be institutionalized or ignored and/or illegitimately suppressed by law or custom in a particular society. ... Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ...

Biography

Blackwell was born in Bristol, England, the third of nine children born to a sugar refiner, named Samuel Blackwell, who could afford to give his numerous sons, and also daughters, an education. Samuel Blackwell believed that his daughters should get the same education as boys so he had his daughters tutored. In 1832, the family emigrated to the United States, and set up a refinery in New York City. Elizabeth's family then moved to Cincinnati, three months after they moved there her father got very sick and died. After the death of her father, she took up a career in teaching in Kentucky, to make money to pay for medical school. Desiring to apply herself to the practice of medicine, she took up residence in a physician's household, using her time there to study from the family's medical library. She became active in the anti-slavery movement (as did her brother Henry Brown Blackwell who married Lucy Stone a suffragette). Another brother, Samuel C. Blackwell, married another important figure in women's rights, Antoinette Brown. This article is about the English city. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about sugar as food and as an important and widely-traded commodity. ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A memorial statue in Hanko, Finland, commemorating the thousands of emigrants who left the country to start a new life in the United States Emigration is the act and the phenomenon of leaving ones native country to settle in another country. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... Medicine is the science and art of maintaining andor restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of patients. ... Abolition is the act of formally destroying something through legal means, either by making it illegal, or simply no longer allowing it to exist in any form. ... Henry Browne Blackwell (1825 - 1909). ... Lucy Stone (August 13, 1818 – October 18, 1893) was a prominent American suffragist. ... Samuel Charles Blackwell (1823 - 1901). ... Antoinette Brown, later Antoinette Brown Blackwell (May 20, 1825 - November 5, 1921), was the first female to be ordained as a minister in the United States, when she was called to be the pastor of the Congregational church in South Butler, New York in 1853. ...

She attended Geneva College in New York. She was accepted there — anecdotally, because the faculty put it to a student vote, and the students thought her application a hoax — and braved the prejudice of some of the professors and students to complete her training. Blackwell overcame taunts and prejudice from the faculty as well as from her fellow students while at medical school. One anecdote relates that her anatomy instructor requested that she absent herself on a particular day, as the students would be dissecting a penis. Blackwell is said to have replied that if the instructor was upset by the fact that Student No. 156 wore a bonnet, she would be pleased to remove her conspicuous headgear and take a seat at the rear of the classroom, but that she would not voluntarily absent herself from a lecture. On January 23, 1849, she became the first woman to earn a medical degree in the United States, graduating at the top of her class. Hobart and William Smith Colleges, located in Geneva, New York, are together a liberal arts college. ... “NY” redirects here. ... is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

Barred from practice in most hospitals she decided to go to Paris, France and train at La Maternitè, but while she was there her training was cut short when she caught a terrible eye infection from a baby she was working on. Later the eye got so bad she had to get it removed and replaced with a glass eye. She founded her own infirmary, the New York Infirmary for Indigent Women and Children, in 1857. When the American Civil War began, she trained nurses, and in 1868 she founded a Women's Medical College at the Infirmary to formally train women, physicians, and doctors. After American hospitals refused to hire her, she opened a clinic in New York City where she was joined by her sister Dr. Emily Blackwell and Dr. Marie E. Zakrzews. 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Year 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Emily Blackwell Emily Blackwell (1826–1910) was the second woman to earn a medical degree at what is now Case Western Reserve University, and the third woman to earn a medical degree in the United States. ...

In 1869 she left her sister Emily in charge of the College and returned to England. There, with Florence Nightingale, she opened the Women's Medical College. Blackwell taught at the newly created London School of Medicine for Women and became the first female physician and doctor in the UK Medical Register. She retired at the age of 86. 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... Embley Park, now a school, was the family home of Florence Nightingale. ... The London School of Medicine for Women was established in 1874 and was the first medical school in Britian to train women. ... The General Medical Council (the GMC) is the regulator of the medical profession in the United Kingdom. ...

Her female education guide, The Moral Education of the Young, was published in Spain as was her autobiography, Pioneer Work in Opening the Medical Profession to Women (1895). Upon her death on May 31, 1910, she was buried in a remote part of Scotland. Female education is a catch-all term for a complex of issues and debates surrounding education (primary education, secondary education, tertiary education and health education in particular) for females. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... This article is about the country. ...

References and external links

• An online history at the National Institutes of Health, including copies of historical documents
• An online biography of Elizabeth Blackwell, with links to more articles on Blackwell and others in her famous family, plus links to many resources on the Net
• Biography from the National Institute of Health
• Elizabeth Blackwell at the Hobart and William Smith Colleges Archives.
• Elizabeth Blackwell Resources Available in Hobart and William Smith Colleges Archives.
• Chronological Bibliography of Selected Scholarly Works by Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell.
• Biography resources dedicated to Elizabeth Blackwell