Liselotte of the Palatinate

Elizabeth Charlotte, Countess Palatine of Simmern (Heidelberg, May 27, 1652 – October 9 or December 8, 1722 at the Château de Saint-Cloud near Paris), known in French as la princesse palatine and in German as Liselotte von der Pfalz, was a princess of the electoral family of the Palatinate who became Duchess of Orléans by her marriage to Philip I, Duke of Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV of France. Download high resolution version (694x951, 105 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (694x951, 105 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... For other uses, see Heidelberg (disambiguation). ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... is the 282nd day of the year (283rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... The Château de Saint-Cloud was a royal château in France, built on a magnificent site overlooking the Seine at Saint-Cloud in Hauts-de-Seine, about 10 kilometres west of Paris. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... A palatinate is a territory administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign, but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. ... Duke of Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century. ... Philippe I, Duc dOrléans (September 21, 1640 – June 8, 1701) was the son of the Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, and younger brother of Louis XIV of France. ... Louis XIV redirects here. ...

Early Life

Born to Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and to Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel, on May 27, 1652 in Heidelberg, she was one of 3 children and the only one to live over the age of 30. After her parents divorced in 1657, she went to live with her aunt Sophia of Hanover, wife of the Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover. She always remembered these times as the happiest of her life. Unfortunately, in 1663, Liselotte (as she was known since her childhood) had to move back to Heidelberg where she lived with her brother, later Charles II, Elector Palatine and her other half siblings. After this, a collection of possible marriage proposals appeared but they were all declined. Charles I Louis, engraving by Christoph Le Blon, 1652 Charles Louis, (German: ), Elector Palatine (22 December 1617 – 28 August 1680) was the second son of Frederick V, the Winter King, and his wife, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James I of England. ... Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel, around 1650 Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel (Kassel, November 20, 1627 - Heidelberg, March 16, 1686) was the wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and mother of Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine. ... is the 147th day of the year (148th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... For other uses, see Heidelberg (disambiguation). ... Events January 8 - Miles Sindercombe, would-be-assassin of Oliver Cromwell, and his group are captured in London February - Admiral Robert Blake defeats the Spanish West Indian Fleet in a battle over the seizure of Jamaica. ... Electress Sophia of Hanover (born Sophia, Countess Palatine of Simmern; 14 October 1630 – 8 June 1714) was the youngest daughter of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, of the House of Wittelsbach, the Winter King of Bohemia, and Elizabeth Stuart. ... Ernest Augustus (German: Ernst August; 20 November 1629, Herzberg – 23 January 1698, Herrenhausen) was duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and ruled over the Calenberg (or Hanover) subdivision of the duchy. ... Year 1663 (MDCLXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Marriage and Duchesse d'Orléans

Philippe I, Duc d'Orléans, her husband

However, on 21 November 1671, she was married, quite against her will, to the younger brother of Louis XIV, Philip I, Duke of Orléans. She agreed to the marriage largely because her father needed alliances within Europe. The marriage contract required her to convert to Catholicism , and once married, she never saw her homeland again. Image File history File links Philippe1erOrleans_B.jpg‎ Philippe, duke of Orléans and brother of Louis XIV Painter: Michel Corneille (aka Corneille lAncien) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Philippe I, Duke of Orléans... Image File history File links Philippe1erOrleans_B.jpg‎ Philippe, duke of Orléans and brother of Louis XIV Painter: Michel Corneille (aka Corneille lAncien) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Philippe I, Duke of Orléans... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Philippe I, Duc dOrléans (September 21, 1640 – June 8, 1701) was the son of the Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, and younger brother of Louis XIV of France. ... As a Christian ecclesiastical term, Catholic—from the Greek adjective , meaning general or universal[1]—is described in the Oxford English Dictionary as follows: ~Church, (originally) whole body of Christians; ~, belonging to or in accord with (a) this, (b) the church before separation into Greek or Eastern and Latin or...

The marriage proved to be unhappy. Monsieur's homosexual proclivities were quite well known at court. Liselotte apparently did not mind that her husband was homosexual, but objected to his favourites spending their inheritance and using their influence with Monsieur to enrich themselves. ^[1] Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ...

Regardless of Monsier's sexual preferences, the couple had three children, two of whom survived infancy. She was relieved not to have any more.

As the wife of Monsieur, Liselotte was known at court as Madame and held the title of Duchesse d'Orléans. She also had apartments at Versailles, use of various Châteaux around France, and use of the beautiful Château de Saint-Cloud on the outskirts of Paris, which was the couple's main residence when not at the Palace of Versailles. The Château de Saint-Cloud was a royal château in France, built on a magnificent site overlooking the Seine at Saint-Cloud in Hauts-de-Seine, about 10 kilometres west of Paris. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Hall of Mirrors redirects here. ...

After the birth of their children, the couple lived at their various residences. Monsieur turned to his men, and Liselotte to her writing. Her letters to her aunt Sophia and others create a vivid picture of life during the reign of Louis XIV and the regency of her son, Philippe II, Duke of Orléans. Her letters show how distant she felt from her husband and other family members. However, she was very close to Louis XIV and to her son and daughter. Despite this, she hated Louis's illegitimate children, mainly Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine. Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe Charles (August 2, 1674 – December 23, 1723) called Duke of Chartres (1674–1701), and then Duke of Orléans (1701–1723) was Regent of France from 1715 to 1723. ... Louis Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine, 1695 Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, Duke of Maine ( March 31, 1670 - May 14, 1736) was an illegitimate son of the French King Louis XIV and Madame de Montespan (1640-1707). ...

She also disliked the Duke of Maine's mother Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. Madame de Montespan's daughter Françoise-Marie de Bourbon married Liselotte's son. Because Liselotte strongly opposed her only son's marriage to Louis XIV's illegitmate daughter, Louis XIV gave the Bourbon-Orléans family the Palais Royal and promised them a vast dowry, as well as titles for Monsieur's favorites. These incentives did not reconcile Liselotte to the marriage, and when she discovered that her son had agreed to it, she slapped him in front of the court. Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart, marquise de Montespan Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart-Mortemart, marquise de Montespan [1] (October 5, 1641 – May 27, 1707) was a mistress of Louis XIV of France. ... Gardens of the Palais-Royal: The illustration, from an 1863 guide to Paris, enlarges the apparent scale. ...

She also wrote to Raugravine Luise of the Palatinate (1661 - 1733), her half sister — in which Liselotte described the costumes and morals at the French court. She also corresponded with Sophia's courtier and friend Gottfried Leibniz, although they never met. After he died, she insisted that the Academie des Sciences in Paris, of which he had been a member, honor his passing. The resulting eulogy to Leibniz, by Fontenelle, was the only one ever delivered anywhere. Leibniz redirects here. ... For other uses of Fontenelle, see Fontenelle (disambiguation). ...

Later Life

The regent, Philippe d'Orléans, her only surviving son

When the Wittelsbach branch of Palatinate-Simmern became extinct in the male line with the death of her brother Karl II, Elector Palatine in 1685, her brother-in-law Louis XIV claimed the Palatinate and started the War of the Palatine Succession (1688 - 1697). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe Charles (August 2, 1674 – December 23, 1723) called Duke of Chartres (1674–1701), and then Duke of Orléans (1701–1723) was Regent of France from 1715 to 1723. ... The Wittelsbach family is an European royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. ... Palatinate-Simmern (German: ) is one of the collateral lines of the Palatinate line of the House of Wittelsbach. ... Karl II, Elector Palatine (31 March 1651 - 26 May 1685) was Elector Palatine from 1680 to 1685. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... Louis XIV redirects here. ... Combatants  Denmark Dutch Republic, England,[3]  Holy Roman Empire,  Portugal Duchy of Savoy, Spain,  Sweden France, Jacobites Commanders William III, Prince Waldeck, Duke of Savoy, Duke of Lorraine , Elector of Bavaria, Prince of Baden Louis XIV, Duc de Luxembourg â€ , Duc de Villeroi, Duc de Lorge, Duc de Boufflers, Nicolas Catinat...

Her brother's death also meant that she became the heiress of the then Duchess of Montpensier, her distant childless and vastly wealthy cousin and her husband's first cousin making her the Duchess of Montpensier in her own right: the couple also gained vast amounts of money from her death and many more titles. Anne Marie Louise dOrleans, duchesse de Montpensier (May 29, 1627 - April 5, 1693), French memoir-writer, was born at the Louvre. ... The French lordship of Montpensier (named after the village of Montpensier, département of Puy-de-Dôme), became a countship in the 14th century. ...

After the deaths of her husband in 1701 and of Louis XIV in 1715, her son—Philip II, Duke of Orléans—became Regent of France (1715 - 1723), acting for the underage king Louis XV of France. Philippe of Orléans Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe Charles (August 2, 1674 – December 2, 1723) called Duke of Chartres (1674–1701), and then Duke of Orléans (1701–1723) was Regent of France from 1715 to 1723. ... Louis XV, called the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé) (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1715 until his death. ...

Liselotte died at the age of of 70 years old on the 8 Decmber 1722, like her husband before her at the Château de Saint-Cloud. Her son lived for another year and her daughter 22. // Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... The Château de Saint-Cloud was a royal château in France, built on a magnificent site overlooking the Seine at Saint-Cloud in Hauts-de-Seine, about 10 kilometres west of Paris. ...

The descendants of the Princess Palatine and Philip of Orléans form the House of Orléans, which came to the French throne in the person of Louis-Philippe in 1830. The Princess of Palatinate, one of the most colorful characters at the court of Louis XIV, left an abundant correspondence which offers an invaluable glance into the daily life of the court. Duke of Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century. ... Louis Philippe (real name: Philippe Auclair) is a London-based French singer, songwriter, arranger and producer who has been active from the mid-80s onwards. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Children and Descendants

The Princess Palatine and Philip of Orléans had the following children:

• Alexandre Louis, Duke of Valois (1673 – 1676) - died in infancy. He was the first heir to the Orléans money etc
• Philip, the regent Orléans (August 2, 1674 – 1723)

• • Married Françoise-Marie de Bourbon - He would become the Regent for Louis XV on the death of his uncle Louis XIV in 1715. He is a direct descendant of Henri, comte de Paris, duc de France - the present head of the House of Orléans.
• Elizabeth Charlotte (September 13, 1676 – 1744)

• • Married Leopold, Duke of Lorraine -From this marriage, this made Liselotte the grandmother of Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor: the husband of Maria Theresa of Austria and thus she was the Great-grandmother of Marie Antoinette.

The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328- 1589. ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Philippe of Orléans Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, Philippe Charles (August 2, 1674 - December 2, 1723) called Duke of Chartres (1674-1701), and then Duke of Orléans (1701-1723) was Regent of France from 1715 to 1723. ... is the 214th day of the year (215th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Events February 16 - Louis XV of France attains his majority Births February 24 - John Burgoyne, British general (d. ... Regent, from the Latin, a person selected to administer a state because the ruler is a minor or is not present or debilitated. ... Louis XV (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), called the Well-Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 to 1774. ... Louis XIV King of France and Navarre By Hyacinthe Rigaud (1701) Louis XIV (Louis-Dieudonné) (September 5, 1638–September 1, 1715) reigned as King of France and King of Navarre from May 14, 1643 until his death. ... Year 1715 (MDCCXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Prince Henri Philippe Pierre Marie dOrléans, comte de Paris, duc de France (born June 14, 1933) is a claimant to the French throne. ... Duke of Orléans is one of the most important titles in the French peerage, dating back at least to the 14th century. ... Elisabeth Charlotte of Orléans Princess Elisabeth Charlotte of Orléans, named Mademoiselle de Chartres (Saint-Cloud, September 13, 1676 - Commercy, December 23, 1744) was a French Royal Princess and Duchess of Lorraine and Bar, later Sovereign Princess of Commercy. ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... // Events The third French and Indian War, known as King Georges War, breaks out at Port Royal, Nova Scotia The First Saudi State founded by Mohammed Ibn Saud Prague occupied by Prussian armies Ongoing events War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) Births January 10 - Thomas Mifflin, fifth President... Leopold, Duc de Lorraine Leopold Joseph called le bon (the good) , (Innsbruck, September 11, 1679 – Lunéville , March 27, 1729), was Duke of Lorraine from 1690 to his death. ... The Duchy of Lorraine was an independent state for most of the period of time between 843 to 1739. ... Francis I Silver coin of Francis I, dated 1754. ... Not to be confused with Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867). ... Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France and Archduchess of Austria (born November 1755 – executed 16 October 1793) Daughter of Maria Theresa of Austria, wife of Louis XVI and mother of Louis XVII. She was guillotined at the height of the French Revolution. ...

Ancestry

Liselotte was descended from many of the Royal Houses of Europe at the time:

Going further back, she was the Great grand-daughter of Mary I of Scotland, (from the House of Stuart) the infamous Queen who was actually the Dauphine of France over a century before she had arrived there. Charles I Louis, engraving by Christoph Le Blon, 1652 Charles Louis, (German: ), Elector Palatine (22 December 1617 – 28 August 1680) was the second son of Frederick V, the Winter King, and his wife, Elizabeth Stuart, daughter of King James I of England. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... There were many people whose name was Elizabeth Stuart, including: Elizabeth of Bohemia Elizabeth Stuart (died January 23, 1673 or 1674) was the mother of Thomas Howard, 5th Duke of Norfolk, and married to Henry Frederick Howard, 25th Earl of Arundel. ... James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old, succeeding his mother Mary... Anna of Denmark (October 14, 1574 – March 4, 1619) was queen consort of King James I of England and VI of Scotland. ... Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel, around 1650 Charlotte of Hesse-Kassel (Kassel, November 20, 1627 - Heidelberg, March 16, 1686) was the wife of Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine and mother of Elizabeth Charlotte, Princess Palatine. ... Moritz Friedrich Karl Emanuel Humbert Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel (b. ... Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau (Antwerp, July 1578- Hanau 12 April 1648) was the third daughter of William the Silent and his third spouse Charlotte of Bourbon. ... Mary, Queen of Scots redirects here. ... The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart The House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later also of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... DAUPHINE is the female form of the particular French feudal (comital or princely) title of Dauphin (also anglicized as Dolphin), applied to the wife of a Dauphin (usually in the sense of heir to the French royal throne). ...

She was aslo descended from Frederick II of Denmark, from the House of Oldenburg. She could also claim ancestry back to the first holders of the title Duc d'Orléans and the title Comte de Vendôme then Duc de Vendôme before the Bourbons arrived on the throne. Frederick II of Denmark and Norway Frederick II (July 1, 1534 - April 4, 1588), King of Denmark and Norway from 1559 until his death. ... The House of Oldenburg is a North German noble family and one of Europes most influential Royal Houses. ...

It was from Charles de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme that the Prince de Condé line descended: then from that, the Prince de Conti line and the Comte de Soissons line are from - thus making Liselotte, even if rather distant, cousins of 3 of the oldest French Royal houses. Charles de Bourbon duc de Vendôme (June 2, 1489 – 1537) was a French nobleman of the court of Francis I of France. ... Prince of Condé is a title in French peerage, attributed for the first time to Louis of Bourbon, brother of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendome and uncle of Henry IV of France. ... The title of Prince of Conti, assumed by a cadet branch of the house of Bourbon-Condé, was taken from Conti-sur-Selles, a small town of northern France, about 20 miles southwest of Amiens, which came into the Condé family by the marriage of Louis of Bourbon, first prince...

Notes

Further reading

• Life and letters of Charlotte Elizabeth, Princess Palatine and mother of Philipp d'Orléans, régent de France 1652 - 1722 / compiled, translated, and gathered from various published and unpublished. London: Chapman & Hall, 1889.