An emergency landing is a non-planned landing made by an aircraft in response to a crisis. There are two general types of emergency landing for powered aircraft: Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal or aircraft returns to the ground. ... Airbus A380 An aircraft is any machine capable of atmospheric flight. ...

1. a forced landing, where the aircraft is gliding and no power is available to attempt a second approach and landing; and
2. a precautionary landing, where partial or full power is still available but some other crisis requires an unplanned landing.

The difference lies in the options available to the pilot — during a forced landing, the pilot has a limited selection of landing spots (since the aircraft is gliding and constantly descending), and cannot usually reject a landing after beginning the approach (since there is no power for an overshoot and second approach).

Student pilots in most countries practice simulated forced and precautionary landings intensively during their training, and air transport pilots practice them routinely on flight simulators. Interior Cockpit of a modern Flight Simulator A flight simulator is a system that tries to replicate, or simulate, the experience of flying an aircraft as closely and realistically as possible. ...

Forced landing

A forced landing is the result of a complete loss of power to all engines (or loss of the burner in a hot air balloon), normally through fuel exhaustion (no fuel remaining), fuel starvation (fuel system blocked), or mechanical failure. A pilot may also voluntarily shut down engines in response to an onboard fire or other crisis. In an aircraft with multiple engines, the mechanical failure of a single engine does not normally lead to a forced landing, though fuel exhaustion or starvation still will. During a forced landing, a fixed-wing aircraft glides, while a rotorcraft autorotates to the ground. Hot air balloon being inflated by its propane burners prior to a dawn launch Hot air balloons are the oldest successful human flight technology, dating back to the Montgolfier brothers invention in Annonay, France in 1783. ... An Air France Boeing 777, a modern passenger jet. ... Gliding (or soaring) is a recreational activity and competitive sport where pilots fly un-powered aeroplanes known as gliders or sailplanes. ... Autorotations are used in helicopters to perform power off landings from altitude in the event of an engine failure. ...

If there is a suitable landing spot within the aircraft's gliding or autorotation distance, a forced landing will often result in no injuries or damage to the aircraft, since even powered aircraft generally use little or no power when they are landing. Light aircraft can often land safely on fields, roads, or gravel river banks (or on the water, if they are float-equipped); medium and heavy aircraft generally require long, prepared runway surfaces because of their higher landing speeds.

Large airliners have multiple engines and redundant systems, so forced landings are extremely rare for them, but some notable ones have occurred. The most famous example is the Gimli Glider, an Air Canada Boeing 767 that ran out of fuel and glided to a safe landing in Gimli, Manitoba, Canada on July 23, 1983. More recently, Air Transat Flight 236 ran out of fuel over the Atlantic Ocean on August 4, 2001 and made a successful forced landing in the Azores. An Airbus A340 airliner operated by Air Jamaica An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft whose primary function is the transportation of paying passengers. ... Gimli Glider is a nickname given to an aircraft involved in an infamous incident in aviation history. ... Air Canada, Canadas largest airline and flag carrier, has its corporate headquarters in Montreal, Quebec and was founded in 1937. ... British Airways Boeing 767-300 The Boeing 767 is a commercial passenger aircraft manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ... Gimli is a rural municipality in south-central Manitoba, Canada. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Latin: Glorious and free) Official languages English (French has some legal status but is not fully co-official) Flower Crocus Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant-Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 14 6 Area Total  - Land  - Water    (% of... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Air Transat Flight 236 was an Air Transat route between Toronto and Lisbon flown by Captain Robert Piché and First Officer Dirk or Dick Dejager. ... August 4 is the 216th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (217th in leap years), with 149 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Location Motto of the autonomous region: Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (Portuguese: To die free rather than to be subjugated in peace) Official language Portuguese Capitals Ponta Delgada (Presidency of the autonomous government), Angra do Heroísmo (Supreme Court), Horta (Legislative Assembly) Other towns Praia da Vitória...

A less successful forced landing involved Southern Airways Flight 242 on April 4, 1977. The DC-9 lost both of its engines due to hail and heavy rain in a thunderstorm and, unable to glide to an airport, made a forced landing on a highway near New Hope, Georgia, United States. The plane made a hard landing and was still carrying a large amount of fuel, so it burst into flames, killing the majority of the passengers and several people on the ground. Southern Airways Flight 242 was a Southern Airways DC-9-31 registered N1335U that executed a forced landing on a highway in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, United States after suffering hail damage and losing both engines in a severe thunderstorm on April 4, 1977. ... April 4 is the 94th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (95th in leap years). ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... The Douglas DC-9 is a twin-engined jet airliner, first manufactured in 1965 and, in much modified form and under a succession of different names. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Precautionary landing

A precautionary landing is an unplanned landing made with power still available, usually in response to a crisis inside or outside the aircraft. For example, after the September 11, 2001 attacks, all non-military aircraft flying in Canada and the United States were ordered to land immediately at the nearest usable airport, resulting in thousands of precautionary landings in a single day. Normally, however, the crisis is local to a single plane, such as weather problems, system or instrument failures, structural damage, an onboard fire, a security threat, or a seriously-ill passenger. The explosion resulting from the crashing of United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower. ...

Airliners frequently make precautionary landings, and almost all of them are uneventful. Some notable exceptions include Swissair Flight 111, which crashed near Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada on September 2, 1998 while dumping fuel in preparation for a precautionary landing due to fire; United Airlines Flight 232, which broke up while landing at Sioux City, Iowa, U.S.A. on July 19, 1989; and Air Canada Flight 797, which burned after landing at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport on June 2, 1983 after a fire started in the cabin. Canadian Coast Guard Vessel Henry Hudson searches for Swissair Flight 111 debris Swissair Flight 111 (SR-111) was a Swissair McDonnell Douglas MD-11 on a scheduled airline flight from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City, United States to Cointrin International Airport in Geneva, Switzerland. ... Motto: Template:Unhide = E Mari Merces (Wealth from the Sea) Logo: Location City Information Established: April 1, 1996 Area: (former city) 79. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages None (English,French,Gaelic) Flower Trailing arbutus Tree Red Spruce Bird Osprey Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Mayann E. Francis Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 11 10 Area... September 2 is the 245th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (246th in leap years). ... 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... United Airlines flight 232 UA232, UAL232 (United 232 Heavy) was a scheduled flight operated by United Airlines. ... Sioux City is a city located in northwest Iowa. ... Official language(s) English Capital Des Moines Largest city Des Moines Area  Ranked 26th  - Total 56,272 sq mi (145,743 km²)  - Width 199 miles (320 km)  - Length 310 miles (500 km)  - % water 0. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... July 19 is the 200th day (201st in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 165 days remaining. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Air Canada Flight 797 was a scheduled transborder flight that flew on a Houston, Texas-Dallas/Fort Worth-Toronto, Ontario route. ... Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (IATA: CVG, ICAO: KCVG) is located in Hebron, Kentucky in Boone County and serves the Greater Cincinnati metropolitan area. ... June 2 is the 153rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (154th in leap years), with 212 days remaining. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...