Emile Roux

Pierre Paul Emile Roux (b. December 17, 1853, Confolens (Charente), France, d. November 3, 1933, Paris) was a French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist who was one of the closest collaborators of Louis Pasteur (1822-1895), a co-founder of the Pasteur Institute and discoverer of the anti-diphtheria serum, the first effective therapy for this disease. Image File history File links Pierre Paul Emile Roux, French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist. ... Image File history File links Pierre Paul Emile Roux, French physician, bacteriologist and immunologist. ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1853 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Charente is a département in central France named after the Charente River. ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 1933 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... A physician is a person who practices medicine. ... Microbiology (in Greek micron = small and biologia = studying life) is the study of microorganisms, including unicellular (single-celled) eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fungi, and viruses. ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist. ... The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, microorganisms, diseases and vaccines. ... Blood plasma is a component of blood. ... Therapy (in Greek: θεραπεία) or treatment is the attempted remediation of a health problem, usually following a diagnosis. ...

Roux got his baccalaureate in sciences in 1871 and started his studies in 1872 at the Medical School of Clermont-Ferrand. He worked initially as a student assistant in Chemistry at the Faculty of Sciences, under Emile Duclaux. From 1874 to 1878 he continued his studies in Paris and was admitted as clinical assistant at Hôtel-Dieu. Between 1874 and 1877 Roux received a fellowship for the Military School at Val-de-Grâce, but quitted it after failing to present his dissertation in due time. In 1878 he started to work as an assistant to the course on fermentation given by his patron Duclaux at the Sorbonne University and was recommended by him to Louis Pasteur, who was looking for assistants. He was accepted and joined Pasteur’s laboratory as a research assistant from 1878 to 1883 at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, engaging his research on the microbiological causation of diseases. In this capacity, he works with Pasteur in avian cholera (1879-1880) and anthrax (1879-1890) and was involved in the famous experiment of anthrax vaccination of animals at Pouilly-le-Fort. In 1883, he presented a doctoral dissertation in medicine titled Des Nouvelles Acquisitions sur la Rage, where he describes his research on rabies with Pasteur since 1881, which led to the development of the first vaccination against this fearsome disease. Roux was now recognized as an expert in the nascent sciences of medical microbiology and immunology. With other Pasteur’s assistants (Edmond Nocard, Louis Thuillier and Straus) Roux traveled in 1883 to Egypt to study a human cholera outbreak there, but they were unable to find the pathogen for the disease, which was later discovered in Alexandria by the German physician Robert Koch (1843-1910). A bachelors degree is usually an undergraduate academic degree awarded for a course that generally lasts three or four years. ... Chemistry (in Greek: χημεία) is the science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself (see physics, biology). ... Hôtel-Dieu (hostel of God) is the old name given to the principal hospital in French towns. ... The Val-de-Grâce (Hôpital dinstruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce) is a military hospital located in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France . ... The quadrangle at the main ENS building on rue dUlm is known as the Cour aux Ernests – the Ernests being the goldfish in the pond. ... Vaccination is a term coined by Edward Jenner for the process of administering a weakened form of a disease to patients as a means of giving them immunity to a more serious form of the disease. ... Edmond Nocard (1850-1903) was a French veterinarian and microbiologist, born in Provins (Seine-et-Marne, France). ... Distribution of cholera Cholera (also called Asiatic cholera) is an infectious disease of the gastrointestinal tract caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium. ... A pathogen (literally birth of pain from the Greek παθογένεια) is a biological agent that can cause disease to its host. ... Antiquity and modernity stand cheek-by-jowl in Egypts chief Mediterranean seaport Located on the Mediterranean Sea coast, Alexandria (in Arabic, الإسكندرية, transliterated al-ʼIskandariyyah) is the chief seaport in Egypt, and that countrys second largest city, and the capital of the Al Iskandariyah governate. ... For the American lobbyist, see Bobby Koch. ...

In 1883 and in the following 40 years, Emile Roux became closely involved with the creation of what was to be the Pasteur Institute, and shared his time between biomedical research and administrative duties. In 1888, an important year in his life career, he accepted the position of Director of Services, joined the Editorial Board of the Annales de l’Institut Pasteur, and established the first regular course on microbiological technique, which would become extremely influential in the training of many important French and foreign researchers and physicians in infectious diseases. In the same year, he published with Alexandre Yersin (1863-1943) the first of his classical works on the causation of diphtheria by the Klebs-Loeffler bacillus, then an extremely prevalent and lethal disease, particularly among children. He studied its toxin and its properties, and began in 1891 to develop an effective serum to treat the disease, following the demonstration, by Emil Adolf von Behring (1854-1917) and Shibasaburo Kitasato (1852-1931) that antibodies against the diphtheric toxin could be produced in animals. He demonstrated successfully this antitoxin with A. Chaillou, in a study with 300 diseased children in the Hôpital des Enfantes-Malades and was henceforth hailed as a scientific hero in medical congresses throughout Europe. The Pasteur Institute (French: Institut Pasteur) is a French non-profit private foundation dedicated to the study of biology, microorganisms, diseases and vaccines. ... In medicine, infectious disease or communicable disease is disease caused by a biological agent (e. ... Alexandre Emile John Yersin (September 22, 1863 - March 1, 1943) was a Swiss physician and bacteriologist. ... Binomial name Corynebacterium diphtheriae Corynebacterium diphtheriae is a pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. ... Emil Adolf von Behring (March 15, 1854 - March 31, 1917) was born at Hansdorf, Germany. ... Shibasaburo Kitasato (北里 柴三郎) (1852-1931) was a Japanese physician and bacteriologist. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ...

In the following years, Roux dedicated himself indefatigably to many investigations on the microbiology and practical immunology of tetanus, tuberculosis, syphilis, and pneumonia. In 1904 he was nominated to the Pasteur’s former position as General Director of the Pasteur Institute. In 1916 he moved to a small apartment in the Pasteur Hospital, where he died on November 3, 1933. Tetanus is a serious and often fatal disease caused by the exotoxin tetanospasmin which is produced by the Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. ... Tuberculous lungs show up on an X-ray image Tuberculosis is an infection with the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system (meningitis), lymphatic system, circulatory system (miliary TB), genitourinary system, bones and joints. ... Depression-era U.S. poster advocating early syphilis treatment Syphilis (historically called lues) is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by a spirochaete bacterium, Treponema pallidum. ... Pneumonia (the ancient Greek word for lungs) is defined as an inflammation, usually caused by infection, involving the alveoli of the lungs. ...

External links

• Pierre Paul Emile Roux. Biographie. Institut Pasteur, Paris.
• Bibliography of P.P.E. Roux. Pasteur Institute.