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Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy (March 22, 1869—February 6, 1964) was a Filipino general, politician, and independence leader. He played an instrumental role in Philippine Revolution against Spain, as well as the Philippine-American War in opposition to American occupation. Official portrait of Philippine president Emilio Aguinaldo. ...
January 23 is the 23rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in Leap years). ...
1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Kawit (formerly Cavite El Viejo) is a 1st class urban municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. ...
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. ...
February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ...
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Quezon City Region: National Capital Region Province: Dates: Founded—October 22, 1939 Cityhood— Population: 2000 census—2,173,831 Density—13,492 per km² Area: 161. ...
Metropolitan Manila (Filipino: Kalakhang Maynila) or National Capital Region (NCR) is the seventh largest metropolitan area in terms of size in Asia, and the sixteenth in terms of population in the world. ...
March 22 is the 81st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (82nd in Leap years). ...
1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...
February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ...
The Philippine Revolution (1896—1898) is a conflict between the native Katipuneros and Spanish colonizers in the Philippines. ...
The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ...
In the Philippines, Aguinaldo is recognized as the country's first president, though his office had not been recognized in the international arena. Seal of the President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines is the head of state and of the government of the Republic of the Philippines. ...
Early life and career
The seventh of eight children of Carlos Aguinaldo and Trinidad Famy, he was born into a Chinese-mestizo family in Cavite El Viejo (now Kawit), Cavite province. His father was gobernadorcillo (town head), and as members of the Chinese-mestizo minority they enjoyed relative wealth and power. Mestizo (Portuguese, Mestiço; French, Métis: from Late Latin mixticius, from Latin mixtus, past participle of miscere, to mix) is a term of Spanish origin used to designate the peoples of mixed European and Amerindian racial strain inhabiting the region spanning the Americas, from the Canadian prairies in the...
Kawit (formerly Cavite El Viejo) is a 1st class urban municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. ...
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. ...
Map of the Philippines showing all the regions and their provinces. ...
As a young boy, Aguinaldo received basic education from his great-aunt and later attended the town's elementary school. In 1880, he took up his secondary course education at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran, which he quit on his third year to return home instead to help his widowed mother manage their farm. 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Colegio de San Juan de Letran (CSJL) (also as San Juan de Letran College (SJLC), Letran College (LC) or simply Letran), was founded in 1620. ...
At the age of 17, Emilio was elected cabeza de barangay of Binakayan, the most progressive barrio of Cavite El Viejo. He held this position serving for his town-mates for eight years. He also engaged in inter-island shipping, travelling as far south as the Sulu Archipelago. A barangay (Filipino: baranggay) is the smallest local government unit in the Philippines and is very similar to a village. ...
Sulu Archipelago is an island chain in the southwest Philippines. ...
In 1893, the Maura Law was passed to reorganize town governments with the aim of making them more effective and autonomous, changing the designation of town head from gobernadorcillo to capitan municipal effective 1895. On January 1, 1895, Aguinaldo was elected town head, becoming the first person to hold the title of capitan municipal of Cavite El Viejo. 1893 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The Maura Law was a law that laid the basic foundations for municipal government in the Philippines. ...
1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Philippine Revolution In 1895, Aguinaldo joined the Katipunan brotherhood, a secret organization then led by Andrés Bonifacio dedicated to the expulsion of the Spanish and independence for the Philippines. He joined as a lieutenant under Gen. Baldomero Aguinaldo and rose to the rank of general in a few months. With the Katipunan, he helped the Philippines erupt in revolt against the Spaniards in 1896. He won several victories in Cavite Province, temporarily driving the Spanish out of the area. When Bonifacio came out of hiding in March 1897 and tried to reassert his leadership of the Katipunan, Aguinaldo ordered his arrest. He eventually ordered Bonifacio's execution on May 10, 1897. photo of Emilio Aguinaldo, c. ...
photo of Emilio Aguinaldo, c. ...
1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Katipunan was a secret society founded in the Philippines by Andrés Bonifacio aimed towards liberating the country from the Spanish colonizers. ...
Andrés Bonifacio Andrés Bonifacio (November 30, 1863 - May 10, 1897) was a leader in the revolution of the Philippines against Spanish colonial rule, the first revolution in Asia against European colonial rule. ...
Baldomero Aguinaldo (February 27, 1869—February 4, 1915) was a leader of the Philippine Revolution. ...
1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. ...
March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ...
1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
May 10 is the 130th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (131st in leap years). ...
1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Biak na Bato Spanish attacks intensified, eventually forcing the Katipunan forces to retreat to the mountains. On December 14, 1897, the Pact of Biak-na-Bato was concluded. Under the pact, indemnities were to be paid in the amount of 400,000 pesos, and Aguinaldo along with 34 other leaders of the rebellion were to go into voluntary exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo took the money offered, but instead of remaining in exile he used the money to buy more weapons for the Filipino revolutionists. The following were the officers of the Supreme Council that oversaw the pact. Emilio Aguinaldo was President and Mariano Trias, the Vice President. Other officials included Antonio Montenegro for Foreign Affairs, Isabelo Artacho for the Interior, Baldomero Aguinaldo for the Treasury, and Emiliano Riego de Dios for War. December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1897 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines in May 1898. He immediately resumed revolutionary activities against the Spaniards, now receiving encouragement from the United States. This article is about the month of May. ...
1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Spanish-American War In 1898, the Spanish-American War started and Aguinaldo contacted American officials in hopes that they would aid in his struggle for independence. He initially received mixed signals, but fought in alliance with the Americans to oust the Spanish, including turning over 15,000 captured Spanish troops over to Admiral Dewey. However, relations with the Americans became increasingly strained when they showed no desire to recognize Philippine independence and sovereignty, and instead began occupying the country as the Spanish had. Aguinaldo declared Philippine independence on June 12, 1898 [1]. The Philippine Constitutional Convention elected him President on January 1, 1899. 1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. ...
George Dewey (December 26, 1837 – January 16, 1917) was an admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his victory at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish-American War. ...
The Philippine Declaration of Independence was an event on June 12, 1898 in the Philippines where in the Filipino revolutionary forces under General and Philippines first republican president Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the sovereignty and independence under the new constitution of the Philippine Islands as a republic from the colonial rule...
June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ...
1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ...
1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Philippine-American War On the night of February 4, 1899, a Filipino was shot by an American sentry as he crossed the San Juan bridge. This incident is considered the beginning of the Philippine-American War, and open fighting soon broke out between American troops and pro-independence Filipinos. Superior American firepower drove Filipino troops away from the city, and the Malolos government had to transfer from one place to another. February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
1899 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ...
Aguinaldo led resistance to the American occupation, then retreated to northern Luzon with the Americans on his trail. On June 2, 1899, a telegram from Aguinaldo was received by Gen. Antonio Luna, a brilliant general and looming rival in the military hierarchy, ordering him to proceed to Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija for a meeting at the Cabanatuan Church Convent. Three days later (June 5), when Luna arrived, he learned Aguinaldo was not available at the appointed place. As Gen. Luna was about to depart, he was shot, then stabbed to death by Aguinaldo's men. He was later buried in the churchyard. About less than two years later, Aguinaldo was captured in Palanan, Isabela on March 23, 1901 by US General Frederick Funston, who had gained access to Aguinaldo's camp by pretending to surrender to the Filipinos. Map of the Philippines showing the island groups of Luzón, Visayas, and Mindanao. ...
// Gen. ...
Palanan is a remote municipality in the province of Isabela in the Philippines. ...
Isabela is a province of the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. ...
March 23 is the 82nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (83rd in Leap years). ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Brig. ...
Taking him into custody, Funston noted his "dignified bearing," "excellent qualities," and "humane instincts." He accepted an offer that his life would be spared if he pledged allegiance to the United States. He pledged allegiance on April 1, 1901, effectively ending the First Republic and recognizing the sovereignty of the United States over the Philippines. Although a few others continued to resist, Aguinaldo's surrender virtually ended the Filipino-American War. April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ...
Presidency of the Republic of the Philippines Aguinaldo appointed two premiers in his tenure. These were Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno. The Prime Minister of the Philippines was the official position of the head of the government of the Philippines. ...
Apolinario Mabini (left) is depicted on the 10-peso bill Apolinario Mabini (July 23, 1864—May 13, 1903) was a Filipino theoretician who wrote the constitution for the first Philippine republic of 1899-1901, and served as its first prime minister in 1899. ...
Pedro Paterno was the author of Pacto de Biyak-na-Bato (first published in 1910). ...
Mabini cabinet - Apolinario Mabini - Foreign Affairs,
- Mariano Trias - Finance
- Teodoro Sandico - Interior
- Baldomero Aguinaldo - War
- Gracio Gonzaga - Welfare
Paterno cabinet - Leon Ma. Guerrero - Agriculture, Industry and Commerce (formerly part of Welfare)
- Hugo Ilagan - Finance
- Felipe Buencamino - Foreign Affairs
- Severino de las Alas - Interior
- Aguedo Velarde - Public Instruction (formerly part of Welfare)
- Maximo Paterno - Public Works and Communications (formerly part of Welfare)
- Mariano Trias - War
U.S. Occupation During the United States occupation, Aguinaldo continued to pursue his goal of a free and independent Philippines. He staunchly supported groups that advocated immediate independence, and helped veterans of the struggle. He organized the Asociacion de los Veteranos de la Revolucion (Association of Veterans of the Revolution), which secured pensions for its members and made arrangements for them to buy land on installment from the government.
When the American government finally allowed the Philippine flag to be displayed in 1919, Aguinaldo transformed his home in Kawit into a monument to the flag, the revolution and the declaration of Independence. His home still stands, and is known as the Aguinaldo Shrine. 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
The Aguinaldo Shrine is a national shrine of the Philippines, located in Kawit, Cavite. ...
Aguinaldo retired from public life for many years. In 1935 when the Commonwealth of the Philippines was established in preparation for Philippine independence, he ran for president but decisively lost the election to fiery Spanish mestizo Manuel L. Quezon. Aguinaldo protested his defeat. The two leaders formally reconciled in 1941, when Quezon moved Flag Day to June 12, to commemorate the proclamation of Philippine independence. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. ...
Aguinaldo again retired to private life until the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in World War II. He was used by the Japanese as an anti-American tool, forced to make speeches, sign articles, and make infamous radio addresses in support of the Japanese — including a radio appeal to Gen. Douglas MacArthur on Corregidor to surrender in order to spare the innocence of the Filipino youth. World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb. ...
General Douglas MacArthur aboard a battleship toward the end of World War II, 1945 Douglas MacArthur (26 January 1880 — 5 April 1964) was an American military leader credited with defeating the Japanese in World War II. He helped rebuild Japan after the war and played a key role in stopping...
The Place Corregidor is an island in the entrance of the Philippines Manila Bay. ...
After the Americans retook the Philippines, Aguinaldo was arrested along with several others accused of collaboration with the Japanese. He was held in Bilibid prison for months until released by presidential amnesty. In his trial, it was determined that his broadcasts were made under great duress (the Japanese had threatened to murder his entire family), and his name was cleared.
Aguinaldo lived to see his lifelong goal of independence for his nation achieved on July 4, 1946, when the United States Government marked the full restoration and recognition of Philippine independence. During the independence parade at the Luneta, the 77-year old general carried the flag he raised in Kawit on June 12, 1898, the date he believed to be the true Independence Day. July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ...
1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...
June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ...
1898 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
Post-American era
 Emilio Aguinaldo is depicted on the front of the 5-peso bill ( to be phased out but will still be a legal tender ). In 1950, as a token vindication of his honor, President Elpidio Quirino appointed Aguinaldo as a member of the Council of State, where he served a full term. He returned to retirement soon after, dedicating his time and attention to veteran soldier’s interest and welfare, the promotion of nationalism and democracy in the Philippines and the development of the relationship between the Philippines and the United States. Front side of the 5-Philippine peso bill. ...
Front side of the 5-Philippine peso bill. ...
Philippine peso bills are issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Central Bank of the Philippines) for circulation in the Philippines. ...
1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Elpidio Quirino Elpidio Quirino (November 16, 1890—February 29, 1956) was the sixth President of the Philippines. ...
In 1962, when the United States rejected Philippine claims for the destruction wrought by American forces in World War II, president Diosdado Macapagal changed the celebration of Independence Day from July 4 to June 12. Aguinaldo regarded this as the greatest victory of the Revolution of 1896. He rose from his sickbed to attend the celebration of independence 64 years after he declared it. 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ...
World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atom bomb. ...
Diosdado Macapagal Diosdado Pangan Macapagal (September 28, 1910–April 21, 1997) was the 9th President of the Philippines. ...
July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ...
June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ...
Aguinaldo died on February 6, 1964 of coronary thrombosis at the Veterans Memorial Hospital in Quezon City. His remains are buried at the Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite. February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ...
Thrombosis is the formation of a clot or thrombus inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. ...
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Quezon City Region: National Capital Region Province: Dates: Founded—October 22, 1939 Cityhood— Population: 2000 census—2,173,831 Density—13,492 per km² Area: 161. ...
The Aguinaldo Shrine is a national shrine of the Philippines, located in Kawit, Cavite. ...
Kawit (formerly Cavite El Viejo) is a 1st class urban municipality in the province of Cavite, Philippines. ...
Cavite is a province of the Philippines located on the southern shores of Manila Bay in the CALABARZON region in Luzon, just 30 kilometers south of Manila. ...
See also // Prehistoric Times Main Article: Pre-colonial History of the Philippines Human Arrivals Human fossil records indicate that the Philippines may have been inhabited for thousands of years. ...
The Philippine Revolution (1896—1898) is a conflict between the native Katipuneros and Spanish colonizers in the Philippines. ...
The Katipunan was a secret society founded in the Philippines by Andrés Bonifacio aimed towards liberating the country from the Spanish colonizers. ...
The Spanish-American War took place in 1898, and resulted in the United States of America gaining control over the former colonies of Spain in the Caribbean and Pacific. ...
The Philippine-American War was a war between the armed forces of the United States and the Philippines from 1899 through 1913. ...
Seal of the President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines is the head of state and of the government of the Republic of the Philippines. ...
The Aguinaldo Shrine is a national shrine of the Philippines, located in Kawit, Cavite. ...
External links - The Philippine Presidency Project
- Filipinos in History - Emilio Aguinaldo
- Works by Emilio Aguinaldo at Project Gutenberg
- EmilioAguinaldo.tk
Project Gutenberg (often abbreviated as PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ...
Seal of the President of the Philippines The President of the Philippines is the head of state and of the government of the Republic of the Philippines. ...
Manuel Luis Quezon y Molina (August 19, 1878 – August 1, 1944) was the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. ...
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