The Emirs of Tbilisi ruled over the parts of today’s eastern Georgia from their base in the city of Tbilisi (Tiflis), from 736 to 1080 (nominally to 1122). Map outlining the territory of Eastern Georgia Eastern Georgia commonly refers to the eastern part of the nation of Georgia, which in historic times included the kingdom of Iberia in the Caucasus. ... Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at 41°43′N 44°47′E. Tbilisi is still sometimes known by its former Turkish name of Tiflis. ... Events The Kegon school of Buddhism arrives in Japan via Korea, when Rōben invites the Korean monk Simsang to lecture, and formally founds Japans Kegon tradition in the Tōdaiji temple. ... Events William I of England, in a letter, reminds the Bishop of Rome that the King of England owes him no allegiance. ... Events Resolution of Investiture Controversy in the Concordat of Worms Pierre Abélard writes Sic et Non Births Ben Lancaster, Gradutate, Dynamite dancer. ...

History

The Arabs first appeared in Georgia, namely in Kartli/Caucasian Iberia, in 645. It was not, however, until 735, when they succeeded in establishing their firm control over a large portion of the country. In that year, Marwan II took hold of Tbilisi and much of the neighbouring lands and installed there an Arab emir, who was to be confirmed by the Caliph of Baghdad or, occasionally, by the Wali of Armīniya. For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... Kartli is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. ... Ancient countries of Caucasus: Armenia, Iberia, Colchis and Albania Iberia was a name given by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli (4th century BC-5th century AD) corresponding roughly to the eastern and southern parts of the present day Georgia. ... Events End of the reign of Empress Kogyoku of Japan Emperor Kotoku ascends to the throne of Japan Byzantines recapture Alexandria from the Arabs Births Empress Jito of Japan Categories: 645 ... Events Abkhazia becomes independent, and will remain such until the 15th century Births Alcuin, missionary and bishop (approximate date) Deaths May 25 - Bede, English Historian and monk Categories: 735 ... The Califate in 750 From The Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, 1923 Courtesy of The General Libraries, The University of Texas at Austin Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II (750-688) (Arabic: مروان ابن محمد ابن مروان) was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed. ... Entrance to the emirs palace in Bukhara. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. ... Wali (plural Auliyaa) is an Arabic word, literally meaning protector or guardian, also adopted in various other Islamic cultures. ...

During the Arab period, Tbilisi (al-Tiflis) grew into a center of trade between the Islamic world and northern Europe. Beyond that, it functioned as a key Arab outpost and a buffer province facing the Byzantine and Khazar dominions. Over time, Tbilisi became largely Muslim, but the Islamic influences were strictly confined to the city itself, while the environs remained largely Christian. Islam (Arabic: ; ( (help· info)), submission (to the will of God)) is a monotheistic faith, considered one of the Abrahamic religions, and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Northern Europe is marked in dark blue Northern Europe is a name of the northern part of the European continent. ... Byzantine Empire (Greek: ) is the term conventionally used since the 19th century to describe the Greek-speaking Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... The Khazars were a Turkic semi-nomadic people from Central Asia who adopted Judaism. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم is an adherent of Islam. ... Christianity is a monotheistic religion centered on the life, teachings, and actions of Jesus of Nazareth, known by Christians as Jesus Christ, as recounted in the New Testament. ...

Tbilisi was a large city with a strong double wall pierced by three gates. It lay on both banks of the Kura River, and the two parts were connected by a bridge of boats. The contemporary geographers especially mention its thermal springs, which supplied the baths with constant hot waters. On the river were water-mills. The houses were primarily built, to the surprise of contemporary Arab travelers, of pine wood. In the first half of the 9th century, Tbilisi is said to have been the second largest, after Derbend, city in the Caucasus, with its at least 50.000 inhabitants and thriving commerce. The river Kura which flows NE through Transcaucasia, drains into the Caspian sea, was named after Cyrus the Great. ... Darband is built around a Sassanid fortress, the only one preserved in the world. ... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map The Caucasus, a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ...

As the Caliphate weakened after the destruction of Baghdad in 813, the Abbasid power was much troubled by the secessionist tendencies among peripheral rulers, those of Tbilisi not excluded. At the same time, the emirate became a target of the resurgent Georgian Bagratids (Bagrationi) who liberated several Georgian lands from the Arab grasp. The Emirate of Tbilisi grew in relative strength under Is’hak b. Ismail (833-853), who was powerful enough to quell the energies of the Georgian princes and to contend the Abbasid authority in the region. He withheld his annual payment of tribute to Baghdad, and declared his independence from the Caliph. To suppress the rebellion, Caliph al-Mutawakkil dispatched, in 853, a punitive expedition led by Bugha al-Kabir al-Sharabi (a.k.a. Bugha the Turk) who burned Tbilisi to the ground and had Is’hak decapitated, terminating the city’s chances to become the center of an independent Islamic state in the Caucasus. The Abbasids chose not to rebuild the city extensively, and as a result the Muslim prestige and authority in the region began to wane. An Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalīfah, Caliph (  listen?) is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Location of Baghdad within Iraq Baghdad (Arabic: ) (Bexda in Kurdish) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Events June 22 - Byzantine Emperor Michael I is defeated in a war against the Bulgarians. ... Abbasid provinces during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسيّون AbbāsÄ«yÅ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Islamic empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs. ... ... Events End of the reign of caliph Al-Mamun Nimmyo succeeds Junna as emperor of Japan Creation of Great Moravia Births Deaths October 10 - al-Mamun, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad Categories: 833 ... Events A Byzantine fleet destroys Damiette (in Egypt) Births Deaths Categories: 853 ... Al-Mutawakkil Ala Allah Jafar bin al-Mutasim (821–861) (Arabic: المتوكل على الله جعفر بن المعتصم) was an Abbasid caliph who reigned (in Samarra) from 847 until 861. ...

Beginning in the 1020s, the Georgian kings pursued contradictive but generally expansionist policy against the emirs of Tbilisi, this latter city coming sporadically under Georgian control. The territories of the emirate shrank to Tbilisi and its immediate environs. However, the Seljuk invasions of the 1070s-1080s thwarted the Georgian advances and deferred the Bagratid plans for nearly a half of a century. The last line of emirs of Tbilisi went back, presumably, to circa 1080, and the city’s government was run thereafter by the merchant oligarchy known to Georgian annals as tbileli berebi, i.e., the elders of Tbilisi. David IV’s victories over the Seljuk Turks inflicted a final blow to Islamic Tbilisi, and a Georgian army triumphantly entered the city in 1122, ending the four hundred years of a foreign domination. Centuries: 10th century - 11th century - 12th century Decades: 970s - 980s - 990s - 1000s - 1010s - 1020s - 1030s - 1040s - 1050s - 1060s - 1070s 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 Events: Categories: 1020s ... Tbilisi (Georgian თბილისი) is the capital city of the country of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Kura (Mtkvari) river, at 41°43′N 44°47′E. Tbilisi is still sometimes known by its former Turkish name of Tiflis. ... The Seljuk Turks (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuq; in modern Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian سلجوقيان SaljÅ«qiyān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a major branch of the Oghuz Turks and a dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to... Centuries: 10th century - 11th century - 12th century Decades: 1020s 1030s 1040s 1050s 1060s - 1070s - 1080s 1090s 1100s 1110s 1120s Years: 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 Significant Events and Trends: 1071 Byzantine Empire loses Battle of Manzikert to Turkish army. ... Centuries: 10th century - 11th century - 12th century Decades: 1030s 1040s 1050s 1060s 1070s - 1080s - 1090s 1100s 1110s 1120s 1130s Years: 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 Events and Trends 1080 King Alfonso VI of Castile establishes Roman liturgy in Catholic church in place of Mozarabic rite. ... A fresco from Gelati Monastery depicting David the Builder holding his will and a model of the monastery David IV also known as David the Builder (Georgian: დავით აღმაშენებელი, Davit Ag(h)mashenebeli) (1073 – January 24, 1125), from the House of Bagrationi, was King of Georgia from (1089 to 1125). ... Events Resolution of Investiture Controversy in the Concordat of Worms Pierre Abélard writes Sic et Non Births Ben Lancaster, Gradutate, Dynamite dancer. ...

Rulers

Shuabid emirs of Tbilisi

• Ismail b. Shuab (the first known emir, r. until 813)
• Mohammed b. Atab (813-829)
• Ali b. Shuab (829-833)
• Is’hak b. Ismail b. Shuab (833-853)

Events June 22 - Byzantine Emperor Michael I is defeated in a war against the Bulgarians. ... Events Egbert of Wessex conquers Mercia and is recognized as Bretwalda. ... Events End of the reign of caliph Al-Mamun Nimmyo succeeds Junna as emperor of Japan Creation of Great Moravia Births Deaths October 10 - al-Mamun, Abbasid caliph of Baghdad Categories: 833 ... Events A Byzantine fleet destroys Damiette (in Egypt) Births Deaths Categories: 853 ...

Shaybanid emirs of Tbilisi

• Mohammed b. Khalil (853-870)
• Isa b. ash-Sheikh ash-Shayban (870-876)
• Ibrahim (876-878)
• Gabuloc (878-880)

Events February 28 - End of the Fourth Council of Constantinople. ... Events Seiwa is succeeded by Yozei as emperor of Japan. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... For other uses, see number 880. ...

Jaffarid emirs of Tbilisi

• Jaffar I b. Ali (880-914)
• Mansur b. Jaffar (914-952)
• Jaffar II b. Mansur (952-981)
• Ali b. Jaffar (981-1032)
• Jaffar III b. Ali (1032-1046)
• Mansur b. Jaffar (1046-1054)
• Abu’l-Haija b. Jaffar (1054-1062) (the last known emir)

Events Town of Warwick, England founded on the River Avon Vikings conquer much of Ireland Byzantine Empire battles with Bulgaria over city of Adrianople, which changes hands several times Reconstruction of Nanjing after a long dissertation; it marked the beginning of contemporary Nanjing City. ... Events Hugh Capet marries Adelaide of Aquitaine Deaths Emperor Suzaku of Japan Hugh, Duke of Burgundy Categories: 952 ... Events Births Princess Theodora, later Empress of the Eastern Roman Empire. ... Events February 2 - Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes King of Burgundy. ... // Events First contact between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuks. ...

See also

• History of Georgia

The recorded history of Georgia dates back more than 4,000 years and the Georgian language is one of the oldest living languages in the world. ...

References

• Allen, WED (1932), A History of the Georgian People, K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co,
• Minorsky, V., Tiflis in Encyclopedia of Islam
• Suny RG (1994), The Making of the Georgian Nation (2nd Edition), Bloomington and Indianapolis, ISBN 0253355796

The Encyclopedia of Islam (EI) is a scholarly encyclopedia covering all aspects of Islamic civilization and history. ...

External links

• Tiflis dirhams at Zeno.ru – Oriental Coins Database