Emotions Anonymous Logo

Emotions Anonymous (EA) is a Twelve Step program similar to Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), but is for those suffering from depression or other mental illnesses who are seeking to improve their mental and emotional health. As of 2004 there were approximately 1,100 EA groups active in the United States.^[1] EA is the largest of three organizations that have adapted AA's Twelve Steps to create a program for people suffering from mental or emotional illness, replacing the word "alcohol" with "our emotions" in the first step. The smaller organizations are Neurotics Anonymous and Emotional Health Anonymous (EHA). EA is a successor organization of Neurotics Anonymous. To avoid confusion with the more well known Twelve Step program, Narcotics Anonymous (NA), Neurotics Anonymous is abbreviated N/A^[2] or NAIL.^[3] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ... Logo for AA Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an informal society for recovering alcoholics. ... Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or unipolar depression when compared to bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ... A mental illness or mental disorder refers to one of many mental health conditions characterized by distress, impaired cognitive functioning, atypical behavior, emotional dysregulation, and/or maladaptive behavior. ... Mental states redirects here. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ... This article is about the 12-step program of Narcotics Anonymous (NA). ...

History

The conception of Neurotics Anonymous began with Alcoholics Anonymous co-founder Bill W. After achieving sobriety Bill continued to suffer from neurosis, specifically depression. In letters to other AA members he wrote about his personal experience with neurosis, its prevalence in AA, and how he and others learned to deal with it. Bill expressed that as he learned to let go of his dependence on people and situations for emotional security and replaced that dependence with showing outgoing love as best as he could, his depression began to subside.^[4] In correspondence with another AA member about neurosis and psychoanalyst Karen Horney (author of Neurosis and Human Growth),^[5] Bill suggested how a Neurotics Anonymous fellowship might work. Logo for AA Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an informal society for recovering alcoholics. ... William Griffith Wilson (commonly known as Bill Wilson or Bill W.), was a co-founder of the self-help group Alcoholics Anonymous. ... Sobriety is solemn or dignified personal behaviour, in particular moderation or abstinence with regard to (typically) the consumption of alcoholic beverages or other drugs. ... In modern psychology, the term neurosis, also known as psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder, is a general term that refers to any mental imbalance that causes distress, but (unlike a psychosis or personality disorder) does not prevent rational thought or an individuals ability to function in daily life. ... Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or unipolar depression when compared to bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ... Psychoanalysis is the revelation of unconscious relations, in a systematic way through an associative process. ... Karen Horney Karen Horney [horn-eye], born Danielsen (September 16, 1885, – December 4, 1952) was a German Freudian psychoanalyst of Norwegian and Dutch descent. ...

You interest me very much when you talk of Karen Horney. I have the highest admiration of her. That gal's insights have been most helpful to me. Also for the benefit of screwballs like ourselves, it may be that someday we shall devise some common denominator of psychiatry — of course, throwing away their much abused terminology — common denominators which neurotics could use on each other. The idea would be to extend the moral inventory of AA to a deeper level, making it an inventory of psychic damages, reliving in conversation episodes, etc. I suppose someday a Neurotics Anonymous will be formed and will actually do all this.

– Bill W., Letter to Ollie in California, January 4, 1956.^[4]

In a subsequent letter to Ollie in June of 1956, Bill suggested the inventory of psychic damages include inferiority, shame, guilt and anger. He added that the effectiveness of the inventory would come from reliving the experiences and sharing them with other people.^[4] Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article cites very few or no references or sources. ... It has been suggested that the section Shame campaign from the article Smear campaign be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Anger may be a (physiological and psychological) response to a perceived threat to self or important others, present, past, or future. ...

Neurotics Anonymous was created eight years later, February 3, 1964 in Washington, D.C. by Grover Boydston^[6][7] (August 16, 1924 - December 17, 1996). Grover was an AA member, recovering alcoholic, psychologist, and Ed.M. Grover had attempted suicide five times before the age of 21 and, like Bill W., also suffered from neurosis.^[8] While in AA, he discovered that working the Twelve Steps also helped control the underlying neuroses causing his alcoholism. As an experiment, Grover had a woman who suffered from neurosis, but not alcoholism, work the Twelve Steps. He discovered that they aided her recovery from neurosis as well. He wrote Alcoholics Anonymous World Services for permission to use their Twelve Steps with the word "alcohol" in the first step replaced with "our emotions." Permission was granted.^[8] February 3 is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... King Alcohol and his Prime Minister circa 1820 Alcoholism is the consumption of or preoccupation with alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the alcoholics normal personal, family, social, or work life. ... A psychologist is a scientist and/or clinician who studies psychology, the systematic investigation of the human mind, including behavior and cognition. ... The Master of Education (M.Ed or M.A.E.) is a degree conferred by American institutions for educators moving on in their field. ... A twelve-step program is a self-help group whose members attempt recovery from various addictions and compulsions through the use of a plan referred to as the twelve steps. Characteristics All twelve-step programs follow some version of the twelve steps. ... A twelve-step program is a self-help group whose members attempt recovery from various addictions and compulsions through the use of a plan referred to as the twelve steps. Characteristics All twelve-step programs follow some version of the twelve steps. ... A twelve-step program is a self-help group whose members attempt recovery from various addictions and compulsions through the use of a plan referred to as the twelve steps. Characteristics All twelve-step programs follow some version of the twelve steps. ...

Grover placed an ad in a Washington, D.C. newspaper about NAIL, and organized the first meeting from those who responded to it.^[6] NAIL grew modestly until a story was written about it in Parade magazine.^[9] The Associated Press and United Press International republished the story, and NAIL groups began forming internationally.^[6] Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... PARADE is a magazine, distributed as a Sunday supplement in hundreds of newspapers in the United States. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... Front of UPI Headquarters, Washington, D.C. “UPI” redirects here. ...

Marion Flesch (1911 - October 10, 2004) is responsible for starting what would become the beginnings of the Emotions Anonymous fellowship. Marion was a graduate of St. Cloud State Teachers College (now St. Cloud State University) and at various times worked as a teacher, secretary, clerk, accountant, bookkeeper and office manager. Later in life she became a certified chemical dependency counselor through the University of Minnesota and started work on a master's degree, but stopped at age 80 due to health concerns. Marion originally went to Al-Anon meetings at the advice of a friend to help deal with panic attacks.^[10] After she learned of NAIL, she started the first such meeting in Minnesota. It was held April 13, 1966, at the Merriam Park Community Center in St. Paul, Minnesota. NAIL grew quickly in the state, and by Fall of 1966 there were thirty groups active in Minnesota.^[11] Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... St. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A secretary is either an administrative assistant in business office administration, or a certain type of mid- or high-level governmental position, such as a Secretary of State. ... The word clerk, derived from the Latin clericus meaning cleric, i. ... Accountant, or Qualified Accountant, or Professional Accountant, is a certified accountancy and financial expert in the jurisdiction of many countries. ... It has been suggested that Online bookkeeping be merged into this article or section. ... An Office Manager is a salaried employee charged with the general administrative responsibilities of any given office of a corporation. ... Washington Avenue Bridge at night The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, almost always abbreviated U of M, and sometimes referred to as The U by locals, is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. ... Al-Anon Family Groups is a twelve-step program for relatives and friends of alcoholics. ... A panic attack is a period of intense fear or discomfort, typically with an abrupt onset and usually lasting no more than 30 minutes. ... April 13 is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... 1966 (MCMLXVI) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1966 calendar). ...

Differences developed between the Minnesota groups and the central offices of NAIL. Attempts to reconcile them were not successful. The Minnesota Intergroup Association separated from NAIL on July 6, 1971. A few weeks later they chose Emotions Anonymous as the name for the Minnesota groups, and wrote to Alcoholics Anonymous World Services for permissions to used the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions. Permissions was granted. Emotions Anonymous officially filed Articles of Incorporation on July 22, 1971.^[11] is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ... A twelve-step program is a self-help group whose members attempt recovery from various addictions and compulsions through the use of a plan referred to as the twelve steps. Characteristics All twelve-step programs follow some version of the twelve steps. ... The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ... The Articles of Incorporation (sometimes also referred to as the Certificate of Incorporation or the Charter) are the primary rules governing the management of a corporation, and are filed with a state or other regulatory agency. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. ...

Given the changing state of psychology and society at the time, the name change was apropos. In 1974 the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, at the time in second edition (DSM-II), began revision. The new framework developed for the third edition (DSM-III) was no longer based on psychodynamic principles (the psychological school of thought "neurosis" came from). The term "neurosis" would have been completely removed if it was not for a "political" compromise.^[12] In the next revision (DSM-IV), the term was removed completely. The connotation of neurosis in common language also began to change. "Neurosis" was being used with an increasingly more facetious and pejorative sense, rather than a diagnostic sense. These combined factors could make it difficult to take an organization known as Neurotics Anonymous seriously.^[7] In current NAIL literature, there is not a scientific definition ascribed to neurosis. As used in the NAIL program, a neurotic is defined as any person who accepts that he or she has emotional problems.^[13] Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, spirit, soul; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is an academic / applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior of humans and animals. ... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a handbook for mental health professionals that lists different categories of mental disorder and the criteria for diagnosing them, according to the publishing organization the American Psychiatric Association. ... Sigmund Freud - the central founder of psychodynamics Psychodynamics is the application of the principles of thermodynamics to psychology. ...

Sometime around 1980 the NAIL groups in the United States either changed their affiliation to EA or became defunct. The NAIL groups in Latin America, however, continued to grow. It has only been since early 2007 that NAIL groups have again began to form in the United States, though they are mostly organized by Spanish speaking immigrants.^[14] EA groups are mostly distributed throughout Europe and English-speaking parts of the world, with some notable exceptions being Brazil, Japan and India.^[15] Though there are also NAIL groups in Portugal.^[16] Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Emotional Health Anonymous was created sometime before July 27, 1973.^[17] EHA currently only has meetings active in the Los Angles area.^[18] is the 208th day of the year (209th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Government Country State County United States California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area  - City    - Land    - Water  - Urban 1,290. ...

Classifying

Research on Emotions Anonymous, Neurotics Anonymous, Emotional Health Anonymous have characterized such groups in different ways. In a broad sense they are considered Mutual Support and Peer Support organizations. Mutual support is a process by which people voluntarily come together to help each other address common problems. Peer support is social, emotional or instrumental support that is mutually offered or provided by persons having similar mental health conditions where there is some mutual agreement on what is helpful.^[19][20] Peer support is a support initiative, normally within a school or university, to help pupils deal with issues such as bullying, stress, or other problems that they may come across while at school. ... Mental states redirects here. ...

The definitions of mutual support and peer support include many other mental health consumer non-profits and social groups. They are further distinguished as either Individual Therapy or Social Reform groups. In the former set members seek to improve themselves (inner-focused), and the latter are advocacy organizations (outer-focused) like NAMA, NAMI and USPRA.^[21] A mental health consumer is a person who is under treatment for a psychiatric illness or disorder. ... A non-profit organization (often called non-profit org or simply non-profit or not-for-profit) can be seen as an organization that doesnt have a goal to make a profit. ... The National Mental Health Association is a nonprofit organization that works to study mental health. ... NAMI, the National Alliance on Mental Illness, founded in 1979 as the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, is an American non-profit national advocacy group for people affected by serious mental illnesses and their families. ... The largest professional organization in the area of practice of psychiatric rehabilitation (or psychosocial rehabilitation) in the United States is the United States Psychiatric Rehabilitation Association (USPRA), formerly known as the International Association of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services (IAPSRS). ...

Of Individual Therapy groups, some researchers distinguish between Behavior Control groups (such as AA and TOPS) and Stress Coping groups (such as EA, cancer patients support groups, and groups of single parents).^[22] German researchers refer to Stress Coping groups as Conversation Circles.^[23] This article is about the non-profit organization TOPS Club, Inc. ...

There are various definitions of what constitutes a Self-help group, though they are considered to be subsets of Mutual Support and Peer Support groups. Self-help groups are considered to have a specific purpose for mutual aid in satisfying a common need, overcoming a shared handicap or life-disrupting problem. They are also considered to be less bureaucratic and work on a more grassroots level.^[19][23][24] Self-help Organizations are considered to be national affiliates of local Self-help groups or they can be mental health consumer groups that may finance research, maintain public relations or lobby for legislation in favor of those affected.^[23] EA, NAIL, and EHA all meet the definition of Self-help groups. State, city, national, or international associations of EA, NAIL and EHA groups could be considered Self-help organizations, even though they do not preform every enumerated service. Though the term self-help can refer to any case whereby an individual or a group betters themselves economically, intellectually or emotionally, the connotations of the phrase have come to apply particularly to psychological or psychotherapeutic nostrums, often purveyed through the popular genre of the self-help book. ... Mutual aid is a term in political economy used to signify the economic concept of voluntary reciprocal exchange of resources and services for mutual benefit. ... See also: Handicap (competition) Handicapped is an adjective used to refer to a person or animal who is partially disabled or unable to use a limb or limbs. ... A grassroots political movement is one driven by the constituents of a community. ... A mental health consumer is a person who is under treatment for a psychiatric illness or disorder. ...

In Germany a specific subset of Conversation Circles are categorized as Talking Groups (Gesprachsselbsthilfegruppen). In Talking Groups all members of the group have the same rights, each member is responsible only for themselves (group members do not make decisions for other group members), each group is autonomous, everyone attends the group on account of their own problems, whatever is discussed in the group remains confidential, and participation is free of charge. This includes EA, NAIL, EHA, and any group following the Twelve Traditions.^[23] The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ...

Through NAIL's process of trying to build up self-confidence, sociologist Edward Sagarin described it as somewhat like Albert Ellis' rational-emotive psychotherapy but too fluid to be described by any single philosophical or psychological field.^[7] In psychology, self-esteem or self-worth is a persons self-image at an emotional level; circumventing reason and logic. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is an active-directive, solution-oriented therapy which focuses on resolving cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems in clients, originally developed by the American psychotherapist Albert Ellis. ...

Relationship to other organizations

In addition to EA, NAIL, and EHA, there are two other organizations that have been created for people with serious mental illness: Recovery, Inc. and GROW. Subsets of the five are often compared in research.^{[7][19][20][25][26][27][28]} A mental illness or mental disorder refers to one of many mental health conditions characterized by distress, impaired cognitive functioning, atypical behavior, emotional dysregulation, and/or maladaptive behavior. ... Recovery, Inc. ... Grow is a series of Macromedia Flash games by Eyezmaze. ...

Recovery, Inc. was founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1937 by psychiatrist Abraham Low using principles opposite to those popularized by psychoanalysis. Low wrote the principle book used by the organization, Mental Health Through Will Training.^[29] Fundamentally, Low believes "Adult life is not driven by instincts but guided by Will," using a definition of will opposite of Arthur Schopenhauer's. Low's program is based on increasing determination to act, self-control and self-confidence. Sagarin compared it to a modern, reasonable, and rational implementation of Émile Coué's psychotherapy.^[7] In this way, the message of Recovery, Inc. is almost the opposite of that in Twelve Step programs. Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Abraham A. Low (1891-1954), is a neuro psychiatrist who is noted for his work in self-help for the mentally ill. ... Psychoanalysis is a family of psychological theories and methods based on the work of Sigmund Freud. ... Instinct is the word used to describe inherent dispositions towards particular actions. ... // For the racing driver, see Will Power. ... Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. ... Discipline is any training intended to produce a specific character or pattern of behaviour, especially training that produces moral or mental development in a particular direction. ... In psychology, self-esteem or self-worth is a persons self-image at an emotional level; circumventing reason and logic. ... Émile Coué (February 26, 1857 – July 2, 1926) was a French psychologist and pharmacist who introduced a method of psychotherapy, healing, and self-improvement based on optimistic autosuggestion. ...

Twelve Step program's first step beings with "We were powerless over..." followed by the crux of whatever the program deals with (e.g. alcohol, addictions, emotions, etc). This is an acknowledgment that it is impossible to control what the people in the particular program cannot control. In this view when, for example, alcoholics attempt to control their drinking, they encounter their powerlessness and a relapse is imminent. When alcoholics let go of their attempts to to control their drinking, they can focus on controlling what they are able to control.^[30] Despite the apparent contradiction between the philosophical basis of Recovery, Inc. and Twelve Step programs, Recovery, Inc. is friendly to Twelve Step group members and encourages them to attend.^[31]

GROW was founded in Sydney, Australia, in 1957 by a Roman Catholic priest, Father Cornelius Keogh, and people who had sought help with their mental illness by attending AA meetings. After its inception, GROW members learned of Recovery, Inc. and integrated some of its processes into their program. GROW's original literature includes The Twelve Stages of Decline, which indicate that emotional illness begins with self-centeredness, and The Twelve Steps of Personal Growth, a blend of AA's Twelve Steps and will-training methods from Recovery, Inc.^[28] This is about the city of Sydney in Australia. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

EA and NAIL are open to anyone who desires to become well emotionally.^[6][32] EHA is also open to anyone with a desire to become emotionally well, if they are not suffering from problems that are specifically addressed by other Twelve Step groups (e.g. substance abuse, eating disorders, sexual addiction, compulsive gambling, etc).^[33] Recovery, Inc. is open to anyone identifying as "nervous" (a term that when Recovery, Inc. was created more closely meant neurotic). GROW groups are open to anyone who would like to join, though they specifically recruit people who have been in psychiatric hospitals or are socioeconomically disadvantaged. According to the Twelve Traditions, EA, NAIL, and EHA groups cannot not accept outside contributions. GROW and Recovery, Inc. do not operate with similar funding restrictions and have received state and outside funding in the past.^[28] Substance abuse refers to the overindulgence in and dependence on a psychoactive leading to effects that are detrimental to the individuals physical health or mental health, or the welfare of others. ... Sexual addiction (sexual compulsion)—a postulated form of psychological addiction—is a hotly debated topic with numerous critics and evidence on both sides of the debate. ... Problem gambling is an urge to gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop. ... The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ...

Grover Boydston believed very strongly that aside from sharing nearly identical versions of the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions members of Twelve Step groups shared the same underlying neuroses caused by self-centeredness, a view also expressed in many other Twelve Step groups' literature.^[30] Grover went as far as to say of Twelve Step group members that, "All of us are, indeed, brothers, and the variations in detail are no more than if one of us likes chocolate ice cream, and the other likes vanilla."^[7] A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ... The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ... In psychology, egocentrism is the characteristic of regarding oneself and ones own opinions or interests as most important. ...

Research has found, however, some significant differences between Behavioral Control groups and Stress Coping groups.^[34] Meetings of Behavior Control groups tend to be significantly larger than their Stress Coping counterparts (by more than a factor of two). Behavior Control group members also have a longer average tenure in the group than Stress Coping members (45 months compared to 11 months), and were less likely to consider their membership as temporary. While very few members of either set saw professionals concurrently while being active in their group, Stress Coping members were more likely to have previously seen professionals than Behavior Control group members. Similarly, Stress Coping groups worked closer with mental health professionals.^[22]

The EA "Just For Todays" were adapted by a Twelve Step organization for female victims of domestic violence with substance abuse histories, Wisdom of Women (WOW).^[35] This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Misconceptions

Purpose

Just as Narcotics Anonymous is for people who have serious problems with narcotics, Emotions Anonymous is for people who have serious problems with their emotions. In the philosophy of the organizations, powerlessness over narcotics requires abstaining from them, but powerlessness over emotions does not mean that EA members try to "stop having emotions." EA is not intended to be a replacement for psychotherapy, psychiatric medication, or any kind of professional mental health treatment.^[36] People may find EA useful when psychiatric treatment is not available to them, when they have resistance to psychiatric treatment, or as a complement to such treatment.^[37] Whereas Recovery, Inc. admonishes members if they do not follow their physician's, psychologist's or psychiatrist's orders, EA does not attempt to coerce members in to following anyone's advice. Some EA members sum this up in the laconic saying, "No questions, no advice, stick to yourself."^[23][37] This article is about the 12-step program of Narcotics Anonymous (NA). ... The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ... Its over and done But the heartache lives on inside And who is the one your clinging to instead of me tonight And where are you now Now that I need you Tears on my pillow Wherever you go Cry me a river that leads to your oceans Youll never... Psychotherapy is an interpersonal, relational intervention used by trained psychotherapists to aid clients in problems of living. ... Psychopharmacology is the study of the effects of any psychoactive drug that acts upon the mind by affecting brain chemistry. ... Recovery, Inc. ...

Intellectual disabilities and hospitalization

In 1979 Jim Voytilla of the Ramsey County, Minnesota, Human Services Department created EA groups for mentally retarded substance abusers. Voytilla, and others, noted when this particular demographic of substance abusers attended AA meetings in the surrounding community, they felt uncomfortable and made the others attending the meeting uncomfortable. Voytilla's EA meetings were created to avoid these problems, and address the illnesses of his clients other than substance abuse.^[38] Ramsey County [2] is a county located in the U.S. state of Minnesota. ... Mental retardation (abbreviated as MR), is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal intellectual capacity as an adult. ... Substance abuse refers to the overindulgence in and dependence on a psychoactive leading to effects that are detrimental to the individuals physical health or mental health, or the welfare of others. ...

Since then, several articles have incorrectly described EA as a program specifically for mentally retarded (or in some of the more recent, intellectually disabled) substance abusers.^{[39][40][41][42]} In a similar way, EA has also been incorrectly described as an organization either specifically or primarily for those who have been discharged from psychiatric hospitals.^[20]

While EA does not discriminate against any demographic, and all that is needed to join EA is a desire to become emotionally healthy, EA is not and never has been a program specifically for people of any particular background or treatment history.^[32] Though people who have been in psychiatric hospitals have sought help in EA after being discharged.^[43]

Demographics

Grover Boydston conducted the first demographic study of Neurotics Anonymous in 1974.^[44] Much of what he found has been reproduced in subsequent demographic studies of Emotions Anonymous and similar groups. Such studies are rare and samples sizes are usually small as any group following the Twelve Traditions is required to protect the anonymity of their members. While researching such groups is still ethically possible, it is more difficult given this constraint. The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ...

• Age: Grover's study found the average age of NAIL members surveyed to be 43.02 years. A study including EA six years later, with a much smaller sample, found the average age to be 35.3 years.^[34]

• Attendance and Tenure: Of the NAIL members surveyed Grover found they attended, on average, six meetings per month and had spent an average of 2.37 years in NAIL. The meaningfulness of the latter statistic is mitigated as NAIL only existed for approximately ten years at the time of the survey.

• Ethnicity: Grover's study, and all similar studies in the literature have found that the majority of members in NAIL, EA, and other Self-help groups for people with serious mental illness are white.^[28]

• Hospitalization: Grover's study of NAIL members found that 42% percent had been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons. More recent studies have shown that in Self-help groups for serious mental illness approximately 60% (55%-75%) of members had been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons.^[20] The difference of 18% may indicate an increasing prevalence of hospitalizations, or it could be due to differences in the methods used to collect information in other studies. Grover's results may have been skewed lower as it was self-selecting survey data.

• Marital Status: In Grover's study of NAIL members he found 25% were single, 48% were currently married, 22% were divorced and 5% were widowed. This finding has not been replicated in studies of similar groups where it was found most members had never been married.^[20]

• Religion: Grover's survey included not only religious affiliation, but also included a question about religiosity. Of the NAIL members surveyed he found 24% identified as Catholic, 47% identified as Protestant, 9% identified as Jewish, and 19% did not consider themselves religious. Additionally, only 19% of members identified themselves as "very religious," 42% identified themselves as moderately religious, and 39% identified themselves as "not very religious."

• Sex: Grover's study of NAIL members found approximately 36% were male, and 64% were female. This ratio, of three (or more) females for every male, has been reproduced in all other studies of Self-help groups for persons with serious mental illness,^[20] as well as specific studies of EA groups.^[28][34]

Whites redirects here. ... Self-selection is a term used to indicate any situation in which individuals select themselves into a group. ... In relationships, a single person is one that is not married, or, more broadly, that they are not in an exclusive romantic relationship. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the ending of a marriage, which can be contrasted with an annulment which is a declaration that a marriage is void, though the effects of marriage may be recognized in such unions, such as spousal support, child custody and distribution of property. ... A widow is a woman whose spouse has died. ... Religiosity is a comprehensive sociological term used to refer to the numerous aspects of religious activity, dedication, and belief. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination...

Specific disorders (neuroses)

Grover's survey contained an open-ended question asking about the "main complaints" NAIL members came to the program with. He summarized them in a list of twelve. Listed below are his results, in order from the highest to lowest percentage of members reporting them. Members often presented with more than one complaint.

1. Depression (58%)
2. Anxiety (32%)
3. Fears (23%)
4. Problems in relationships (18%)
5. Psychosomatic pains (14%)
6. Confusion (13%)
7. No desire to live (11%)
8. Inability to cope (9%)
9. Nervousness (7%)
10. Loneliness (6%)
11. Feelings of hopelessness (5%)
12. Hate (3%)

Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or unipolar depression when compared to bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Fear is a powerful biological feeling of unpleasant risk or danger, either real or imagined. ... Interpersonal relationships are social associations, connections, or affiliations between two or more people who may interact overtly, covertly, face to face or may remain effectively unknown to each other such as those in a virtual community who maintain anonymity and do not socialize outside of a chat room. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Look up Confusion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Confusion can have the following meanings: Unclarity or puzzlement, e. ... Nervous can refer to: Anxiety Nervous system Categories: Disambiguation ... Loneliness is an emotional state in which a person experiences a powerful feeling of emptiness and isolation. ... “Hatred” redirects here. ...

Employment and socioeconomic status

Grover categorized the occupations of NAIL members in to four categories.

1. Professionals - Includes people who practice a profession that is so considered by scientific, academic, business, and other people. It includes physicians, lawyers, engineers, nurses, college and university instructors. These represented 38% of the members surveyed.
2. Clerical persons - Includes people who perform office work or sales work according to the classification of "clerical." These represented 32% of the members surveyed.
3. Homemakers - A person who takes care of a home as her main work. These represented 16% of the members surveyed.
4. Other - Includes students and people who do not fit in to the three previous categories. These represented 32% of the members surveyed.

According to Grover's results at least 70% of NAIL members were employed. This is similar to a specific study of EA that found most of the members were middle class.^[28] However, other studies of Self-help groups for people with serious mental illness found most of the members tend to be unemployed,^[20] while other's found members to be predominately working class.^[22] The word physician should not be confused with physicist, which means a scientist in the area of physics. ... For information on the type of fish called Lawyer, see the article on Burbot. ... Engineering is the application of scientific and technical knowledge to solve human problems. ... Nurses is a television sitcom that ran on NBC from 1991 to 1994. ... A faculty is a division within a university. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ...

Previous treatments

The tables below are the percentages of members who received the listed treatments before joining NAIL. The data is taken from Grover's 1974 study of NAIL members. The treatments mentioned in this table represent those that were available in 1974 and earlier, but should still give some relevant information on the profile of NAIL, EA, and EHA members. 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

A psychiatric hospital (also called, at various places and times, mental hospital or mental ward), is a hospital specialising in the treatment of persons with mental illness. ... Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), also known as electroshock, is a controversial psychiatric treatment in which seizures are induced with electricity. ...

Effectiveness

Self-help groups have been found to be beneficial in helping people cope with and recover from a wide variety of problems.^[19][45] Research on Talking Groups in Germany has found them to be very effective, and research on Neurotics Anonymous groups in Mexico has been favorable.^[46][47]

Participation in Self-help groups for mental illness has consistently been correlated with reductions in hospitalizations, and shorter hospitalizations when they occur. Members have further been shown to have improved coping skills, greater acceptance of their illness, improved medication adherence, decreased levels of worry, higher satisfaction with their health, improved daily functioning and improved illness management. The amount of time spent in various Self-help programs, and how proactive the members are in them, has also been correlated with increased benefits.^[19][48]

One survey of members in Self-help groups for serious mental illness found they rated their perception of the group's effectiveness on average at 4.3 on a 5-point Likert scale.^[22] In Grover's survey of NAIL members, when asked if they had received help through the program, 100% of those surveyed said "yes."^[44] Grover claimed NAIL had similar results to AA in terms of recovery — 50% with a desire to stop drinking do so, 25% recover after one or more relapses, but most of the other 25% never successfully recover.^[6] A Likert scale (pronounced lick-ert) is a type of psychometric response scale often used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research. ...

Processes and essential ingredients

The Twelve Step process

Emotions Anonymous, like all other Twelve Step programs, symbolically understands human structure in three dimensions: physical, mental, and spiritual. The disorders and diseases the groups deal with are understood to manifest themselves in each dimension. For addicts the physical dimension is described by the "allergy-like bodily reaction" resulting in the inability to stop using substances after the initial use. For EA members the physical manifestation could be much more varied including, but not limited too: agoraphobia, apathy, distractibility, forgetfulness, hyperactivity, hypomania, insomnia, irritability, lack of motivation, laziness, mania, panic attacks, poor impulse control, procrastination, self-injury, suicide attempts, and stress. The spiritual dimension, in all groups, is self-centeredness. This model is not intended to be a scientific explanation. It is only a model that members of Twelve Step organizations have found useful.^[28][30] Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder which primarily consists of the fear of experiencing a difficult or embarrassing situation from which the sufferer cannot escape. ... Apathy is a psychological term for a state of indifference — where an individual is unresponsive or indifferent to aspects of emotional, social, or physical life. ... Distraction is also a television game show: Distraction (game show) Distraction is the diverting of the attention of an individual or group from the chosen object of attention onto the source of distraction. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ... Hypomania is a mood state characterized by persistent and pervasive elated or irritable mood, and thoughts and behaviors that are consistent with such a mood state. ... This article is about the sleeping disorder. ... Irritability is an excessive response to stimuli. ... It has been suggested that Base motive be merged into this article or section. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Laziness Look up Laziness in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Mania is a severe medical condition characterized by extremely elevated mood, energy, and thought patterns. ... A panic attack is a period of intense fear or discomfort, typically with an abrupt onset and usually lasting no more than 30 minutes. ... Deferred gratification or delayed gratification is the ability to wait in order to obtain something that one wants. ... Procrastination is the deferment or avoidance of an action or task to a later time. ... Self-harm (SH) is deliberate injury to ones own body. ... Rather than surrender to US soldiers, the Mayor (Bürgermeister) of Leipzig Germany, committed suicide along with his wife and daughter on April 20, 1945. ... Stress has different meanings in different fields: Look up stress in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

EA views mental and emotional illness as chronic and progressive, like addiction. EA members find they "hit bottom" when the consequences of their mental and emotional illness cause complete despair. This is not unlike when addicts "hit bottom" due to the consequences of substance abuse. The first step in EA's program is "We admitted we were powerless over our emotions — that our lives had become unmanageable." This can be thought of as an acknowledgment that instead of trying to will away or "white-knuckle" through debilitating emotional states, the emotional suffer will instead try to focus on what can be controlled.^[30] Aside from step one, the rest of EA's program follows AA's original Twelve Steps almost word for word, including surrendering to a Higher Power. It should be noted that "surrendering" does not encourage members to become passive. Instead, like the first step, its purpose is to increase acceptance of reality.^[28] Despair in common usage is the condition of having abandoned hope. ... A twelve-step program is a self-help group whose members attempt recovery from various addictions and compulsions through the use of a plan referred to as the twelve steps. Characteristics All twelve-step programs follow some version of the twelve steps. ... Surrender in spirituality and religion means that a believer completely gives up his own will and subjects his thoughts, ideas, and deeds to the will and teachings of a divine power or deity. ... Alcoholics Anonymous uses the term A Power Greater Than Ourselves also referred to as The Higher Power when used by recovered alcoholics who have experienced the magic worked by the Twelve Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. ...

In time, the process is intended to replace self-centeredness with a growing moral consciousness and a willingness for self-sacrifice and unselfish constructive action.^[30] In Twelve Step groups, this is known as a spiritual awakening or religious experience.^[2] This should not be confused with abreaction, which usually only results in temporary change.^[49] In Twelve Step groups, "spiritual awakening" is believed to develop, most frequently, slowly over a period of time.^[50] In religious experience, or sacred experience, the believer comes in contact with transcendental reality. ... Abreaction is a psychoanalytical term for reliving an experience in order to purge it of its emotional excesses; a type of catharsis. ...

Neurotics Anonymous developed the Test of Mental and Emotional Health as a tool to help members evaluate their progress.^[51] It is a fifty question test, each answer is rated on a three level Likert scale. Possible scores range from zero to one hundred. Higher scores are thought to indicate better mental and emotional health.^[52] A Likert scale (pronounced lick-ert) is a type of psychometric response scale often used in questionnaires, and is the most widely used scale in survey research. ...

Psychosocial processes identified by research

No two Self-help group are exactly alike. The forms and processes are influenced by the group ideology, and the members of the group.^[20] In most cases, the group becomes a miniature society that can function like a buffer between the members and the rest of the world.^[37] Self-help members insist that the most essential processes are those that meet personal and social needs in an environment of safety and simplicity. They further insist that elegant theoretical formulations, systematic behavioral techniques, and complicated cognitive-restructuring are not necessary processes.^[34] Warning signs, such as this one, can improve safety awareness. ... Simplicity is the property, condition, or quality of being simple or un-combined. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...

Despite the differences, researchers have listed many psychosocial processes occurring in Self-help groups thought to be related to their effectiveness. This list includes, but is not limited too: acceptance, behavioral rehearsal, changing member's perspectives of themselves, changing member's perspectives of the world, catharsis, extinction, role modeling, learning new coping strategies, mutual affirmation, personal goal setting, instilling hope, justification, normalization, positive reinforcement, reducing social isolation, reducing stigma, self-disclosure, sharing (or "opening up"), and showing empathy.^{[19][20][23][34][37][48][53]} Acceptance, in spirituality, mindfulness, and human psychology, usually refers to the experience of a situation without an intention to change that situation. ... Practice is the act of rehearsing a behavior over and over, or engaging in an activity again and again, for the purpose of improving or mastering it, as in the phrase practice makes perfect. Sports teams practice to prepare for actual games. ... Perspective in theory of cognition is the choice of a context or a reference (or the result of this choice) from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience, cohesively forming a coherent belief, typically for comparing with another. ... Perspective in theory of cognition is the choice of a context or a reference (or the result of this choice) from which to sense, categorize, measure or codify experience, cohesively forming a coherent belief, typically for comparing with another. ... Catharsis is the Greek Katharsis word meaning purification or cleansing derived from the ancient Greek gerund καθαίρειν transliterated as kathairein to purify, purge, and adjective katharos pure or clean (ancient and modern Greek: καθαρός). // The term in drama refers to a sudden emotional breakdown or climax that constitutes overwhelming feelings of great... Extinction in psychology refers to extinction of conditional reflexes when a reinforcement is witheld. ... For Eminems song, see Role Model (song) The term Role model was introduced by Robert K. Merton [1]. Merton says that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires. ... The German Freudian psychoanalyst Karen Horney defined four so-called coping strategies to define interpersonal relations, one describing psychologically healthy individuals, the others describing neurotic states. ... An affirmation (from Latin affirmare, to assert) is the declaration that something is true. ... An objective or goal is a personal or organizational desired end point in development. ... [[Image:Spes or Hope. ... Theory of justification is a part of epistemology that attempts to understand the justification of statements and beliefs. ... Normalization is a process whereby behaviours and ideas are made to seem normal through repetition, or through ideology, propaganda, etc. ... In operant conditioning, reinforcement is an increase in the strength of a response following the presentation of a stimulus contingent on that response. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Look up stigma on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Self-disclosure is both the conscious and unconscious act of revealing more about ourselves to others. ... Not to be confused with Pity, Sympathy, or Compassion. ...

Researchers have inferred five specific theories in attempts to explain why Self-help groups work.^[19]

1. Social support: Having a community of people to give physical and emotional comfort, people who love and care, is a moderating factor in the development of psychological and physical disease.
2. Experiential knowledge: Members obtain specialized information and perspectives that other members have obtained through living with severe mental illness. Validation of their approaches to problems increase their confidence.
3. Social learning theory: Members with experience become creditable role models.
4. Social comparison theory: Individuals with similar mental illness are attracted to each other in other to establish a sense of normalcy for themselves. Comparing one another to each other is considered to provide other peers with an incentive to change for the better either through upward comparison or downward comparison. The former looking up to someone as a role model, and the latter as seeing an example of how serve their mental illness can be.
5. Helper Theory: Those helping each other feel greater interpersonal competence from changing other's lives for the better. The helpers feel they have gained as much as they have given to others. The helpers receive "personalized learning" from working with helpees. The helpers' self-esteem improves with the social approval received from those they have helped, which puts them in an even better position to help more people.

Social Support. ... Experiential knowledge is knowledge gained through experience. ... In criminology, Ronald Akers and Robert Burgess (1966) developed the Social Learning Theory to explain deviancy by combining variables which encouraged delinquency (e. ... Social comparison theory (Festinger 1954) is the idea that individuals learn about and assess themselves by comparison with other people. ... In psychology, self-esteem or self-worth is a persons self-image at an emotional level; circumventing reason and logic. ...

Comparison to group psychotherapy

Research has shown that Talking Groups achieve extraordinarily positive results, comparable to psychoanalytically orientated group therapy.^[23] However, Self-help groups are not intended to provide "deep" psychotherapy. Nevertheless, their emphasis on psychosocial processes does achieve constructive treatment goals. People with the same mental illnesses have more personal experience with how those with the same mental illness feel. This is a unique feature that is not always present in psychotherapy.^[37]

Interpersonal learning, which is done through processes such as feedback and confrontation, is generally deemphasized in Self-help groups. This is largely because it can be threatening, and requires training and understanding of small group processes. Similarly, reality testing, is also deemphasized. Reality testing relies on consensual validation, offering feedback, seeking feedback and confrontation. These processes seldom occur in Self-help groups, though they frequently occur in professionally directed groups. ^[20][34] The word validation has several uses: In general, validation is the process of checking if something satisfies a certain criterion. ...

Essential operations and policies

Research has found that if particular Self-help groups are not affiliated with a national organization, professional involvement increased the "lifespan" of the group. However, if particular groups are affiliated with a national organization (e.g. groups like EA, Recovery, Inc. and GROW) professional involvement decreased the lifespan of the groups.^[54]

Research on Talking Groups has shown that the rules governing them, leading to group self-regulation, are essential for the group's effectiveness. In Talking Groups all members must have the same rights, each member is responsible only for themselves (group members do not make decisions for other group members), each group is autonomous, everyone attends the group on account of their own problems, whatever is discussed in the group remains confidential, and participation is free of charge. These rules are inline with the Twelve Traditions.^[23] Additionally, EA has no prescribed leader training or meeting format. The EA International office and Board of Trustees offer guidance, but do not control group activities.^[28] The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ...

Benefits

The findings of decreased hospitalization and shorter durations of hospitalization indicate that Self-help groups result in financial savings for the health care system, as hospitalization is one of the most expensive mental health services. Similarly, reduced utilization of other mental health services may translate into additional savings for the system. There is also research showing participation in Self-help groups encourages more appropriate use of professional services, making the time spent in care more efficient.^[19]

Some research has found no difference in expression of psychiatric symptomatology between those in Self-help groups, and control groups, while other studies have found the opposite.^[20] Looking only at changes in symptomatology, however, ignores the other potential benefits of Self-help groups, such as increasing self-esteem, reducing stigma, accelerating rehabilitation, better decision-making, less tendency to decompensate under stress, and improved social functioning.^[20][37] "Opening up" has even been associated with health-building qualities, such as increasing particular immune defense cells.^[23] Categories: Possible copyright violations ...

Relationship with mental health professionals

A 1978 survey of mental health professionals in the United States found they had a relatively favorable opinion of Self-help groups (including EHA and NAIL) and there was a hospitable climate for integration and cooperation with Self-help groups in the mental health delivery system.^[24] Since then, the role of Self-help groups in instilling hope, facilitating coping, and improving the quality of life of their members has become widely accepted in many areas both inside and outside of the general medical community.^[20] Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... A mental health professional is a person who offers services for the purpose of improving an individuals mental health and/or researches in the field of mental health. ...

A survey of psychotherapists in Germany found that 50% of the respondents reported a high or very high acceptance of Self-help groups and 43.2% rated their acceptance of Self-help groups as moderate. Only 6.8% of respondents rated their acceptance of Self-help groups as low or very low.^[55]

Similarly, research with members of Self-help groups has shown very little evidence of antagonism towards mental health professionals.^[28] The maxim of Self-help groups in the United States is "Doctors know better than we do how a sickness can be treated. We know better than doctors how sick people can be treated as humans."^[23]

Referrals

Referrals to Self-help groups, such as EA, have been found not to be as effective as arranging a meeting for prospective Self-help members with veterans of the Self-help group. This is true even when compared to referrals from professionals familiar with the Self-help group when referring clients to it.^[48] Referrals mostly come from informal sources (e.g. family, friends, word of mouth, self). Those attending groups as a result of professional referrals account for only one fifth to one third of the population.^[20] One survey found 54% of members learned about their Self-help group from the media, 40% learned about the their group from friends and relatives, and relatively few learned about them from professional referrals.^[22]

Neurotics Anonymous in Mexico

In 1988 the World Health Organization estimated that 89 percent of Mexico City's population was in a crisis they described as "psychological and very severely emotional." It is estimated that about 15% of the workforce in Mexico City are alcoholics. As a part of an attempt to address the situation, the Mexican government funds a hot line staffed by volunteers from NAIL to counsel people in crisis by phone.^[56] The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ... Nickname: Location of Mexico City in central Mexico Coordinates: , Country Mexico Federal entity Federal District Boroughs The 16 delegaciones Founded (as Tenochtitlan) c. ... The workforce is the labour pool in employment. ...

In Mexico City, alcoholism is ten times more prevalent in men than in women (the disparity increases in rural areas) and AA groups are consequently predominately male. Neurotics Anonymous (Neuróticos Anónimos) groups in Mexico, like the groups in the United States, are predominately female. However, the connotation of the word "neurotic" as used in the language is different — anyone who openly expresses anger is considered neurotic (neurótico or neurótica). Therefore, a wife who frequently scolds her husband or children is considered neurotic, and can be treated in NAIL. Even though women are also the predominate members of Al-Anon in Mexico City, it may be that more of them attend NAIL to deal with their husband's alcoholism. It is believed women's neuroses are caused by men's alcoholism. Though men can also be neurotic, it is considered to be a mostly female affliction.^[57] Al-Anon Family Groups is a twelve-step program for relatives and friends of alcoholics. ...

Criticism

There are several limitations of Self-help groups due to how they are run, including but not limited to: inability to keep detailed records, no formal procedure to follow-up with members, no formal screening of new members, there is little or no formal leadership training, existing members may not recognize a new member presenting with a serious illness requiring immediate treatment, there is a lack of professional or legal regulatory constraints determining how such groups can operate, there is a danger that members may disregard the advice of mental health professionals, and there can be an antitherapeutic suppression of ambivalence and hostility.^[28][37] There are other criticisms that are more fundamental.

Overgeneralization

Because EA is not specifically diagnosis-related, but rather a kind of generic group for anyone seeking mental and emotional health, it may not provide the necessary sense of community to evoke feelings of oneness required for recovery in Self-help groups.^[48]

Formulaic approach

Researchers have questioned whether formulaic approaches to Self-help group therapy, like the Twelve Steps, would stifle creativity or if adherence to them would prevent the group from making useful or necessary changes.^[3][37] Similarly others have criticized Self-help group structure as being too ridgid.^[28] Though the term self-help can refer to any case whereby an individual or a group betters themselves economically, intellectually or emotionally, the connotations of the phrase have come to apply particularly to psychological or psychotherapeutic nostrums, often purveyed through the popular genre of the self-help book. ... The sixth studio album by alternative rock band Concrete Blonde, after their break-up and reunion. ... A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ...

High attrition rates

There is not a universal appeal of Self-help groups, researchers have found that as little as 17% of persons invited to attend a Self-help group do so. Of those people, only one third stayed past four months. Those who continue are people who value the meetings and the Self-help group experience.^[20][28][37]

Panacea complex

There is a risk that Self-help group may come to believe that participation in the group can cure anything, or at least more than what it was designed too.^[20][37]

Secular Humanist perspective

Free Inquiry, a publication affiliating itself with secular humanism, criticized Alcoholics Anonymous and Neurotics Anonymous organizations in Mexico as having questionable therapeutic methods based on supernatural intervention. Further, it continued that such groups practice deception, foster ignorance, and promote blatantly false beliefs. Additionally, the journal asserted that the methods used in the groups achieve a kind of mental control that almost completely destroys individual freedom and integrity.^[58] Secular humanism is a humanist philosophy that upholds reason, ethics, and justice, and specifically rejects the supernatural and the spiritual as warrants of moral reflection and decision-making. ...

Though not in Mexico, there is published information that Neurotics Anonymous members in Comalapa (a municipality in Nicaragua) believe X-ray images, radiografías, can serve as a moral diagnostic revealing information about the intent and mores of those being examined. They are probably not trying to deliberately mislead other members, it is likely that they share a similar ignorance to that of people in the United States who shared similar beliefs when X-ray technology was first introduced.^[59] Comalapa is a municipality in the Chontales department of Nicaragua. ... Mores are strongly held norms or customs. ...

Increasing deviant stigma

Using the terminology of Howard S. Becker, Sargain notes that alcoholics and addicts are deviants because they are "so defined." Meaning chronic substance abuse is seen as a deviant, while being sober or "clean" is normal. For addicts and alcoholics, there is no gray area between being sober or clean and drinking, "using" or relapse. So, for the alcoholic or addict, joining AA or NA immediately reduces their deviant stigma, regardless of whether or not the alcoholic or addict believes it does.^[60] Howard Saul Becker was born in Chicago, Illinois on April 18, 1928. ... Sobriety is solemn or dignified personal behaviour, in particular moderation or abstinence with regard to (typically) the consumption of alcoholic beverages or other drugs. ... A lion drinking Cygnus olor (mute swan) drinking Drinking is the act of consuming a liquid through the mouth. ... A relapse (etymologically, who falls again) occurs when a person is affected again by a condition that affected them in the past. ...

Since, using the same terminology, there is no similar clear cut way to define the deviance of those in Twelve Step groups for reasons other than their own substance abuse, joining such groups accomplishes the opposite of joining a group like AA or NA. In the act of joining they define themselves as deviant, and take on deviant stigma by identifying as one of those in the group afflicted with the problems of the other members. Initially joining the group may prove to be more ego damaging than ego reinforcing, regardless of whether or not the group helps them overcome their problems. If, as viewed by Erving Goffman stigma is a social force, it would attract alcoholics and addicts to groups like AA and NA. However, it would become a barrier preventing people from joining groups such EA.^[60] Erving Goffman Erving Goffman (June 11, 1922 – November 19, 1982), was a sociologist and writer. ...

In contrast, those with severe mental illness may have acquired stigma through professional labels and diagnoses. If not also through other behaviors associated with their mental illness defined as deviant. Though this stigma may not be as easily understood as alcoholism or addiction because the behavior is more varied and can not be explained by substance use.^[28][37][53]

It is also worth mentioning that the objective of AA and NA is not just to stop the substance abuse. It is acknowledged that disease of addiction is deeper than having a bad habit. In AA, those who are no longer drinking but have not ceased the bad behaviors associated with their drinking are known as "dry drunks."^[61]

Literature

Emotions Anonymous

EA has three approved books used as the standard literature in the organization. Emotions Anonymous is the primary book used. The Today book contains 366 daily meditation readings related to working the EA program. It Works If You Work It It is intended to be a kind of "Twelve Step primer" — a detailed guide book explaining the Twelve Steps. A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ...

• Emotions Anonymous (1996). Emotions Anonymous, Revised Edition, St. Paul, Minnesota: Emotions Anonymous International Services. ISBN 0960735658. OCLC 49768287. 
• Emotions Anonymous (1987). Todays. St. Paul, Minnesota: Emotions Anonymous. ISBN 0960735690. OCLC 19232484. 
• Emotions Anonymous (2003). It Works If You Work It. St. Paul, Minnesota: Emotions Anonymous. ISBN 0960735690. OCLC 54625984. 

State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ...

Neurotics Anonymous

From 1965 to 1980 NAIL published a mimeographed quarterly periodical called Journal of Mental Health (ISSN:0022-2658).^[7] This should not be confused with the newer journal of the same name that began publishing in 1992 (ISSN:1360-0567). Early in the development of NAIL they used Alcoholics Anonymous (the so called Big Book)^[50] and the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions^[62] the two fundamental books of the Alcoholics Anonymous program. While reading out loud at meetings, members changed instances of the world 'alcoholic' to 'neurotic.' Passages in the book referring specifically to drinking were ignored.^[7] Eventually, NAIL began creating books from articles published in the Journal of Mental Health. There were three such books published in English. 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... Mimeograph machine The mimeograph machine (commonly abbreviated to mimeo) or stencil duplicator was a printing machine that was far cheaper per copy than any other process in runs of several hundred to several thousand copies. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ...

• Neurotics Anonymous (1968). Neurotics Anonymous. Washington, D.C.: Neurotics Anonymous International Liaison, Inc. 
• Neurotics Anonymous (1970). The Laws of Mental and Emotional Illness. Washington, D.C.: Neurotics Anonymous International Liaison, Inc. LCCN:76102220. ASIN:B000FTOFYS. OCLC 104842. 
• Neurotics Anonymous (1978). The Etiology of Mental and Emotional Illness and Health. Washington, D.C.: Neurotics Anonymous International Liaison, Inc. LCCN:76040759. ASIN:B000FTON22. OCLC 4500175. 

The NAIL organizations in Brazil and Mexico use translations of the English literature as well as their own literature specifically made for their organizations.^[63][64] Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... The Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering books in the Library of Congress in the United States. ... The Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is a product identification number used by Amazon. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... The Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering books in the Library of Congress in the United States. ... The Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is a product identification number used by Amazon. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ...

Emotional Health Anonymous

EHA does not have their own literature; like NAIL used to, they use Alcoholics Anonymous ^[50] and the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions.^[62]

EA's original Tools and Guidelines for Recovery

Though all Twelve Step programs use The Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions, most all have their own specialized literature emphasizing the most important messages in their program. In addition to the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions EA has written the "Twelve Helpful Concepts of EA,"^[65] and "What EA Is...and Is Not."^[36] EA's uses a modified version of Al-Anon's "Just for Todays,"^[66] as well as a slightly modified version of AA's Twelve Promises.^[65] A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ... A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ... The Twelve Traditions of Twelve-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous define the appropriate relationships between an AA group and its members, other groups, AA as a whole, and society at large. ... Al-Anon Family Groups is a twelve-step program for relatives and friends of alcoholics. ... A Twelve-step program is a set of guiding principles for recovery from addictive, compulsive, or other behavioral problems, originally developed by the fellowship of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) to guide recovery from alcoholism. ...

The Twelve Helpful Concepts of EA

1. We come to EA to learn how to live a new way of life through the twelve-step program of Emotions Anonymous which consists of Twelve Steps, Twelve Traditions, concepts, the Serenity Prayer, slogans, Just for Todays, EA literature, weekly meetings, telephone and personal contacts, and living the program one day at a time. We do not come for another person — we come to help ourselves and to share our experiences, strength, and hope with others.
2. We are experts only on our own stories, how we try to live the program, how the program works for us, and what EA has done for us. No one speaks for Emotions Anonymous as a whole.
3. We respect anonymity: no questions are asked. We aim for an atmosphere of love and acceptance. We do not care who you are or what you have done. You are welcome.
4. We do not judge; we do not criticize; we do not argue. We do not give advice regarding personal or family affairs.
5. EA is not a sounding board for continually reviewing our miseries, but a way to learn to detach ourselves from them. Part of our serenity comes from being able to live at peace with unsolved problems.
6. We never discuss religion, politics, national or international issues, or other belief systems or policies. EA has no opinion on outside issues.
7. Emotions Anonymous is a spiritual program, not a religious program. We do not advocate any particular belief system.
8. The steps suggest a belief in a Power greater than ourselves. This can be human love, a force for good, the group, nature, the universe, God, or any entity a member chooses as a personal Higher Power.
9. We utilize the program: we do not analyze it. Understanding comes with experience. Each day we apply some part of the program to our personal lives.
10. We have not found it helpful to place labels on any degree of illness or health. We may have different symptoms, but the underlying emotions are the same or similar. We discover we are not unique in our difficulties and illnesses.
11. Each person is entitled to his or her own opinions and may express them at a meeting within the guidelines of EA. We are all equal: no one is more important than another.
12. Part of the beauty and wonder of the EA program is that at meetings we can say anything and know it stays there. Anything we hear at a meeting, on the telephone, or from another member is confidential and is not to be repeated to anyone: EA members, mates, families, relatives or friends.

What EA Is...and Is Not

EA is such an inclusive group that anyone desiring emotional health is welcome. At times, it seems the group can be all things to all people. However, there are some things that EA is and some things it is not. Here they are:

• EA is led by members. Meeting duties should rotate among all members. Directors, trustees, sponsors, or meeting leaders do not have authority over members.
• EA is about equality. The spirit of EA is not represented by any one person giving directions or guidelines to members of other groups around the country.
• EA's literature is important in helping members work the steps. The literature is not required reading, but it does carry the central message of our program. Some of us may have the notion that if members purchase and study EA literature, they will decide to work the program at home rather than attending meetings. Not true; literature usually enhances meeting participation. We believe that putting extra information about the program in the hands of members is always a good thing. The decision to attend face-to-face meetings or not is entirely up to each EA member.
• EA is non-confrontational. We do not take members aside to suggest immediate actions they must take to become well. We offer quiet assistance and guidance. We inspire others by our example; we do not give advice.
• EA is an important part of emotional wellness for many people and can be worked as a member chooses. The EA program need not be followed so rigidly that those who aren't sponsored (or those who aren't making obvious progress in their recovery) are looked down upon or discouraged from attending meetings.
• EA is open to anyone seeking emotional health, regardless of their race, religion, sexual preference, style of dress, or personality type. However, we do abide by the concepts and traditions of the program. We can not allow members to act in such an overbearing, pushy, sarcastic, mocking, or threatening manner that they scare away newcomers. An EA meeting is a place where all members should feel safe and respected.
• EA is a spiritual — not a religious — program. Groups are not encouraged to say special prayers (other than the Serenity Prayer) during meetings. People of all faiths, as well as atheists and agnostics, should feel welcome at our meetings and are a part of our program. Members may feel free to substitute Higher Power or another term for God in reading out literature.
• The EA meeting is a peaceful, neutral space for groups to gather. It is not the place for religious or political discussion, or for the use of non-EA sanctioned material. EA meetings should not be the sales or distribution point for cosmetics, cookies, health aids, non-EA books, chain letters, or the like.
• EA members' experiences are theirs alone. They are not a standard to be met, or a way of offering direct instruction to other members.
• EA is supportive of all positive actions that members take to regain and maintain their mental and emotional health. We do not discourage visits to psychiatrists, taking medication, or the like.

If a group is following the above guidelines, as well as the concepts and traditions of EA, it is considered an EA group. If a group does not follow these principles, it is simply a gathering of like-minded people. EA does not lend or sell its program name to non-EA groups.

EA's Just For Todays

Just for today, the choice is mine...

1. Just for today I will try to live through this day only, not tackling all of my problems at once. I can do something at this moment that would discourage me if I had to continue it for a lifetime.
2. Just for today I will try to be happy, realizing my happiness does not depend on what others do or say or what happens around me. Happiness is a result of being at peace with myself.
3. Just for today I will try to adjust myself to what is and not force everything to adjust to my own desires. I will accept my family, my friends, my business, my circumstances as they come.
4. Just for today I will take care of my physical health; I will exercise my mind; I will read something spiritual.
5. Just for today I will do somebody a good turn and not get found out. If anyone knows of it, it will not count. I will do at least one thing I don't want to do, and I will perform some small act of love for my neighbor.
6. Just for today I will try to go out of my way to be kind to someone I meet. I will be considerate, talk low, and look as good as I can. I will not engage in unnecessary criticism or finding fault, nor try to improve or regulate anybody except myself.
7. Just for today I will have a program. I may not follow it exactly, but I will have it. I will save myself from two pests—hurry and indecision.
8. Just for today I will stop saying, "If I had time." I never will find time for anything. If I want time, I must take it.
9. Just for today I will have a quiet time of meditation wherein I shall think of my Higher Power, of myself: and of my neighbor. I shall relax and seek truth.
10. Just for today I shall be unafraid. Particularly, I shall be unafraid to be happy, to enjoy what is good, what is beautiful, and what is lovely in life.
11. Just for today I will not compare myself with others. I will accept myself and live to the best of my ability.
12. Just for today I choose to believe that I can live this one day.

External links

• Emotions Anonymous International
• Neurotics Anonymous in the United States
• Emotional Health Anonymous
• Neurotics Anonymous in Brazil
• Emotions Anonymous in France
• Emotions Anonymous in French Canada
• Emotions Anonymous in Germany
• Neurotics Anonymous in Mexico
• Neurotics Anonymous in Mexico (English Translation)
• Neurotics Anonymous in Portugal
• Neurotics Anonymous in Miami
• Neurotics Anonymous in São Paulo

This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ... Nickname: Motto: Non ducor, duco(Latin) I am not led, I lead Location in the São Paulo state. ...

References

Categoru:Social work Logo of the St. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 157th day of the year (158th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... The non-profit Hazelden Foundation, based in Center City, Minnesota, pioneered the so-called Minnesota Model of care for alcoholism and drug addiction that is now the most widely used in the world. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... W. W. Norton & Company is an American book publishing company that has remained independent since its founding. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... Barry University is a private Catholic university, which was founded in 1940 in Miami Shores, Florida, a suburb northeast of Miami, Florida. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Flag Seal Nickname: The Windy City Motto: Urbs In Horto (Latin: City in a Garden), I Will Location Location in Chicagoland and northern Illinois Coordinates , Government Country State Counties United States Illinois Cook, DuPage Mayor Richard M. Daley (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 606. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Time (whose trademark is capitalized TIME) is a weekly American newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and U.S. News & World Report. ... PARADE is a magazine, distributed as a Sunday supplement in hundreds of newspapers in the United States. ... The Star Tribune is the largest newspaper in Minnesota and is published seven days each week in an edition for the Minneapolis-St. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... October 2 is the 275th day of the year (276th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar). ... December 1 is the 335th (in leap years the 336th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Google News is an automated news aggregator provided by Google Inc. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year (149th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 2 is the 92nd day of the year (93rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... Barry University is a private Catholic university, which was founded in 1940 in Miami Shores, Florida, a suburb northeast of Miami, Florida. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... Barry University is a private Catholic university, which was founded in 1940 in Miami Shores, Florida, a suburb northeast of Miami, Florida. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Nickname: Motto: Justitia Omnibus (Justice for All) Location of Washington, D.C., in relation to the states Maryland and Virginia Coordinates: , Country United States Federal District District of Columbia Government  - Mayor Adrian M. Fenty (D)  - City Council Chairperson: Vincent C. Gray (D) Ward 1: Jim Graham (D) Ward 2: Jack... The Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering books in the Library of Congress in the United States. ... The Amazon Standard Identification Number (ASIN) is a product identification number used by Amazon. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a standard for persistently identifying a piece of intellectual property on a digital network and associating it with related data, the metadata, in a structured extensible way. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... The non-profit Hazelden Foundation, based in Center City, Minnesota, pioneered the so-called Minnesota Model of care for alcoholism and drug addiction that is now the most widely used in the world. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... June 1 is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... State capitol building in Saint Paul Saint Paul is the capital and second-largest city of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America. ... OCLC Online Computer Library Center was founded in 1967 and originally named the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC). ... Al-Anon and Alateen are international organizations with a membership of more than half a million men, women and teens, providing a Twelve Step program of recovery for friends and family members of alcoholics. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 191st day of the year (192nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...