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Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbár, (alternative spellings include Jellaladin) also known as Akbar the Great (Akbar-e-Azam) (October 15, 1542 – 1605) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from the time of his accession in 1556 until 1605. He is considered the greatest of the Mughal emperors. Download high resolution version (600x810, 136 KB)Akbar - Project Gutenberg eText 14134 - http://www. ...
Download high resolution version (600x810, 136 KB)Akbar - Project Gutenberg eText 14134 - http://www. ...
the Greats The following people normally have the words the Great appended to their names. ...
October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
Events War resumes between Francis I of France and Emperor Charles V. This time Henry VIII of England is allied to the Emperor, while James V of Scotland and Sultan Suleiman I are allied to the French. ...
Events April 13 - Tsar Boris Godunow dies - Feodor II accedes to the throne May 16 - Paul V becomes Pope June 1 - Russian troops in Moscow imprison Feodor II and his mother. ...
The Mughal Empire (alternative spelling Mogul, which is the origin of the word Mogul) of India was founded by Babur in 1526, when he defeated Ibrahim Lodi, the last of the Delhi Sultans at the First Battle of Panipat. ...
Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ...
Political career Akbar was born at Umarkot in Sind on October 15, 1543. His father, Humayun, was driven from the throne of India in a series of decisive battles by the Afghan Sher Shah Suri. After more than twelve years' exile, Humayun regained his sovereignty, which, however, he held for only a few months before he died. Akbar succeeded his father in 1556 under the regency of Bairam Khan, a Turkoman noble, whose energy in repelling pretenders to the throne, and severity in maintaining the discipline of the army, helped greatly in the consolidation of the newly recovered empire. Bairam, however, was naturally despotic and cruel. When order was somewhat restored, Akbar took the reins of government into his own hands by a proclamation issued in March 1560. Umarkot, Pakistan (25. ...
Sindh (Sind) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan. ...
October 15 is the 288th day of the year (289th in Leap years). ...
Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ...
Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor, and ruled from 1530-1556. ...
For the recipient of the Victoria Cross see Sher Shah (VC) Sher Shah Suri (born Fahrid Khan; later renamed Sher Khan after killing a tiger; 1486 - 1545) was the Afghani son of Hasan Khan. ...
There are several meanings to Turkmen: Related to the country Turkmenistan Turkmen language Turkmen people A breed of horse called the Turkoman This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
On November 5, 1556, fifty miles north of Delhi, a Mughal Army defeated Hindu forces of General Hemu to give Akbar the throne of India at the Second battle of Panipat. November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ...
Delhi (दिल्ली or Dillī in Hindi and Bengali and دیلی in Urdu) is a term that refers to either the State of Delhi or the National Capital Territory (NCT) of the Republic of India. ...
This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ...
This grocers son rose to become a general (Prime Minister?) under the command of King Adil Shah Suri (Muhammad Shah Adali?). In a series of brilliant campaigns, he defeated large Mughal armies, before he was finally defeated in the Second Battle of Panipat by the forces of Akbar the...
Akbar, who was crowned in the year 1556 due to his fathers death, defeated Muhammad Shah Adali of Bengal and his Prime Minister Hemu at the 2nd Battle of Panipat. ...
When Akbar ascended the throne, only a small portion of what had formerly comprised the Mughal empire was still under his control, and he devoted himself to the recovery of the remaining provinces. He expanded the Mughal empire to include Malwa (1562), Gujarat (1572), Bengal (1574), Kabul (1581), Kashmir (1586) and Kandesh (1601) among others. In each of these, as power was restored, he placed a governor, over whom he superintended. Malwa is a region of central India, lying in the western part of Madhya Pradesh state. ...
Gujarat (ગુજરાત in Gujarati) is the most industrialized state in India after Maharashtra and is located in western India, bordered by Pakistan to the northwest and Rajasthan to the north. ...
For the breed of cat, see Bengal cat; for the tiger, see Bengal Tiger; for the American football franchise , see Cincinnati Bengals Bengal (Banga, Bangla, Bangadesh, or Bangladesh in Bengali) comprises a region in the northeast of the Indian subcontinent, today divided between the independent country of Bangladesh and the...
Kabul (Kâbl, in Persian کابل) is the capital and largest city of Afghanistan with a population variously estimated at 2 to 4 million. ...
Kashmir is a region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. ...
Kandesh (also Khandesh) is a region of central India, which forms the northwestern portion of Maharashtra state. ...
Akbar did not want to have his court tied too closely to Delhi. He ordered the court moved to Fatehpur Sikri, near Agra, but when this proved untenable, he set up a roaming camp that let him keep a close eye on what was happening throughout the empire. He tried to develop and encourage commerce; he had the land accurately measured for the purpose of correctly evaluating taxation and he gave strict instructions to prevent extortion on the part of the tax gatherers. Fatehpur Sikri is a 16th-century capital city built by the Mughal emperor Akbar on a rocky outcrop near the city of Agra in India. ...
For other uses, see Agra (disambiguation). ...
Religion At the time of Akbar's rule, he had both Hindus and Muslims in his empire. Profound differences separate the Islamic and Hindu faith. Muslims ate beef, while in the Hindu religion it is forbidden to eat any meat, and the Hindus drank fermented beverages (wine), which the Muslim faith rejected. During the Mughal Empire, the majority of the Indian population was Hindu, but the rulers of the Empire were almost exclusively Muslim. It was in this polarized religious arena that Akbar commenced his rule.
Despite all of this, Akbar fostered tolerance for all religions. He tried to reconcile the differences of both religions by creating a new faith called the Din-i-Ilahi, which incorporated both Islam and Hinduism. He also repealed the tax that had been levied on non-Muslims in the empire. Akbar also married several Hindu princesses but many consider that to be politically motivated rather than an attempt to reconcile the two faiths. Din-i-Illahi, or Divine Faith, was a syncretic religion propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar, intended to merge the best elements of Hinduism and Islam (among others), and thereby reconcile the sectarian differences that divided his subjects. ...
Lover of Arts Although he was illiterate (and possibly dyslexic), he had a great love for knowledge, inviting men from all different religions to come to discuss matters of the world with him. He was a patron to many men of literary talent, among whom may be mentioned the brothers Feizi and Abul Fazl. The former was commissioned by Akbar to translate a number of Sanskrit scientific works into Persian; and the latter has left, in the Akbar-Nameh, an enduring record of the emperor's reign. It is also said that Akbar employed Jerome Xavier, a Jesuit missionary, to translate the four Gospels into Persian. Dyslexia is a syndrome in which a persons reading and/or writing ability is significantly lower than that which would be predicted by his or her general level of intelligence. ...
Feizi (非子) was a Zhou Dynasty Chinese royal horse trainer and breeder. ...
Persian (فارسی), (local name in Iran and Afghanistan: Fârsi), Pârsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (Another local name in Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Bahrain and Uzbekistan. ...
Nine Famous Courtiers Of Akbar As a great administrator and aficionado of the arts, Akbar attracted the best contemporary minds to his court. Nine such extraordinary talents, who shone brightly in their respective fields, were known as Akbar’s nau-rathan, or nine gems. Akbar gathered a large number of worthy people in his court, the brightest gems of the land, so to speak, and these are just the nine most remembered by history.
Abul Fazl (1551-1602) was the chronicler of Akbar’s rule. He authored the biographical Akbarnama, which was the result of seven years of painstaking work. He documented the history meticulously, giving a full and accurate picture of the prosperous life during the monarch’s reign. His account also shed light on the brilliant administrative capacity of the Emperor. Events Russia, Reforming Synod of the metropolite Macaire, Orthodoxy: introduction of a calendar of the saints and an ecclesiastical law code ( Stoglav ) Major outbreak of the sweating sickness in England. ...
Events February 14 - William Shakespeare First performance of Twelfth Night on Candlemas March 20 - The Dutch East India Company is established as The United East India Company by the Dutch States-General May 15 - Bartolomew Gosnold becomes the first European to discover Cape Cod. ...
Faizi (1547-1595) was Abul Fazl’s brother. He was a poet writing verses in Persian. Akbar had enormous respect for this genius and appointed him as a tutor for his son. His famous work is called Lilabati, on mathematics. Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. ...
Events January 30 - William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet is performed for the first time May 24 - Nomenclator of Leiden University Library appears, the first printed catalog of an institutional library. ...
Persian (فارسی), (local name in Iran and Afghanistan: Fârsi), Pârsi (older local name, but still used by some speakers), Tajik (a Central Asian dialect) or Dari (Another local name in Afghanistan), is a language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Bahrain and Uzbekistan. ...
Mian Tansen was a classical singer of unparalleled fame. He was born a Hindu in 1520 near Gwalior to Mukund Mishra, who was a poet himself. He learnt music from Swami Haridas and later from Hazrat Mohammad Ghaus. He was a court musician with the prince of Mewar and later recruited by Akbar as his court musician. The prince of Mewar was said to have been heartbroken to part with him. Tansen became a legendary name in India and was the composer of many classical ragas. His raga Deepak and raga Megh Malhar are famous. When he sang these ragas, Tansen was said to have lit the lamp and caused rain showers. He is also credited with creating raga Darbari Kanada and originating Drupad style of singing. Even today the classical gharanas try to align themselves with Mian Tansen. He was buried in Gwaliar, where a tomb has been constructed for him. There is a tamarind tree next to the tomb, which is reputed to be as old as the tomb itself. It is believed that one who chews a leaf from this tree in earnest faith will be bestowed with musical talents. It is unclear if Tansen converted to Islam. Akbar who was very fond of him gave him the title Mian. Tansen’s son Bilas Khan composed raga Bilaskhani Todi and his daughter Saraswati Devi was a well-known Drupad singer. This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ...
Events January 18 - King Christian II of Denmark and Norway defeats the Swedes at Lake Asunde. ...
Teli-ka-Mandir Gwalior is a city in Madhya Pradesh, India. ...
Swami Haridas was a musician. ...
Dhrupad is the oldest surviving genre of classical singing in northern India; its name, from dhruva_pada, seems to mean fixed verse. Its foremost characteristics are a somber, dignified, devotional mood, its very slow tempo and slow melodic development. ...
Birbal (1528-1583) was a poor Brahmin who was appointed to the court of Akbar for his wit as well as wisdom. Born by the name Maheshdas, he was conferred the name Raja Birbal by the Emperor. A man of tireless wit and charm, he enjoyed the Emperor’s favor in administration as his trusted minister, and for his entertainment as his court jester. There are many witty stories of exchanges and interactions between the monarch and his minister that are popular even today. The stories are thought provoking, intelligent as well as educational. Birbal was also a poet and his collections under the pen name 'Brahma' are preserved in Bharatpur Museum. Raja Birbal died in battle, attempting to quell unrest amongst Afghani tribes in Northwest India. Akbar was said to have mourned for a long time on hearing the news. Raja Birbal ( 1528- 1583) was a minister in the administration of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, and one of the members of Akbars inner council of nine advisors, known as navaratana, a Sanskrit word, which means nine jewels. Witty and humorous interaction between Akbar and Birbal resulted into Birbal being...
Events June 19 - Battle of Landriano - A French army in Italy under Marshal St. ...
Events August 5 - Sir Humphrey Gilbert establishes first English colony in North America, at what is now St Johns, Newfoundland. ...
A Brahmin (less often Brahman) is a member of the Hindu priestly caste. ...
Raja Todar Mal was Akbar’s finance minister, who from 1560 onwards overhauled the revenue system in the kingdom. He introduced standard weights and measurements, revenue districts and officers. His systematic approach to revenue collection became a model for the future Mughals as well as the British. Raja Todar Mal was also a warrior who assisted Akbar in controlling the Afghan rebels in Bengal. Raja Todar Mal had learnt his craft from another able administrator Sher Shah. In 1582, Akbar bestowed on the raja the title Diwan-I-Ashraf. Raja Todar Mal was Akbar’s finance minister, who from 1560 onwards overhauled the revenue system in the kingdom. ...
Events February 27 - The Treaty of Berhick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation of Scotland The first tulip bulb was brought from Turkey to the Netherlands. ...
Raja Man Singh, the Kacchwaha rajput raja of Amber. (Later Kacchwahas built Jaipur, close to Amber). This trusted lieutenant of Akbar was the grandson of Akbar’s father-in-law. His family had been inducted into Mughal hierarchy as amirs (nobles). Raja Man Singh assisted Akbar in many fronts including holding off advancing Hakim (Akbar’s half-brother, a governor of Kabyul) in Lahore. He also led campaigns in Orissa. Lahore (لاةور) is a major city in Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab. ...
Orissa (ଓଡ଼ିଶା) is a state situated in the east coast of India. ...
Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khan, a poet, was the son of Akbar’s trusted protector and caretaker when he was a teenager, Bairam Khan. After Bairam Khan was murdered by treachery, his wife became the second wife of Akbar.
Fagir Aziao Din and Mullan Do Piaza were two advisors belonging to Akbar’s inner circle.
Other names are also mentioned as gems of Akbar’s court. Daswant, the painter and Abud us-Samad, a brilliant calligrapher, have also been named in some articles. Mir Fathullah Shiraz, who was a financier, philosopher, astrologer and an astute physician, has also been mentioned. Nevertheless, it is apparent that Akbar’s court was filled with brilliant minds in the fields of art, administration and warfare.
Download high resolution version (600x907, 120 KB)Akbars grave _ Project Gutenberg eText 14134 _ http://www. ...
Download high resolution version (600x907, 120 KB)Akbars grave _ Project Gutenberg eText 14134 _ http://www. ...
Final years The closing years of Akbar's reign were rendered very unhappy by the misconduct of his sons. Two of them died in youth, the victims of intemperance; and the third, Salim, later known as emperor Jahangir, was frequently in rebellion against his father. Asirgarh, a fort in the deccan proved to be the last conquest of Akbar, in 1599 as he had to proceed to north to face his son's rebellion. Akbar keenly felt these calamities, and they may even have tended to hasten his death, which occurred at Agra on the 15th of October 1605. His body was deposited in a magnificent mausoleum at Sikandra, near Agra. An emperor is a monarch and sovereign ruler of an empire or any other imperial realm. ...
Nuruddin Jahangir (August 31, 1569 - October 28, 1627) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until 1627. ...
Humayun was the second Mughal Emperor, and ruled from 1530-1556. ...
The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ...
Nuruddin Jahangir (August 31, 1569 - October 28, 1627) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from 1605 until 1627. ...
See also The following list of Indian monarchs is one of several Wikipedia lists of incumbents. ...
the Greats The following people normally have the words the Great appended to their names. ...
External link - Akbar (http://www.i3pep.org/archives/2004/11/12/akbar/)
- Free eBook of Akbar, Emperor of India, by Richard von Garbe, translated by Lydia G. Robinson' (http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/14134) at Project Gutenberg
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