Gojong, the Gwangmu Emperor (July 25, 1852–January 21, 1919) was the twenty-sixth king of the Korean Joseon Dynasty and the first emperor of the Korean Empire. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Photo of Gojong. ... Jamo redirects here. ... Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Territory of Joseon after Jurchen conquest of King Sejong Capital Hanseong Language(s) Korean Religion Confucianism Government Monarchy Wang  - 1392 - 1398 Taejo  - 1418 - 1450 Sejong  - 1776 - 1800 Jeongjo  - 1863 - 1897 Proclaimed Emperor Gojong Yeong-uijeong  - 1431 - 1449 Hwang Hui  - 1466 - 1472 Han Myeonghoe  - 1592 - 1598 Ryu Seongryong  - 1894 Kim Hongjip... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Rise to the throne

Gojong took the throne in 1863 when he was still a child. His father, Regent Heungseon (Daewon-gun), ruled for him until Gojong reached adulthood. It was during Daeweon-gun's reign that the main palace at Gyeongbokgung was restored as the seat of the royalty. Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Daewon-gun, or properly Heungseon Daewon-gun, (1820–1898) was the regent of Joseon during much of the later 19th century. ... Gyeongbokgung (Gyeongbok Palace) is a palace located in northern Seoul, South Korea. ...

Reign

The Plum flower became symbol of Royal Family after Gabo Reform in 1894

Following the invasion of Korea by Chinese, Japanese, and Russian forces during the Sino-Japanese War (1894–95) and Russo-Japanese War (1904–05), and the subsequent Japanese victories in both wars, Gojong was pressured to accept pro-Japanese advisors to the royal court by the Meiji Emperor of Japan. His domestic and foreign policies, however, proved to be successful in the face of Japanese pressure. Gojong played the rival Russian, Japanese and Chinese sides off of each other to prevent each of them from totally controlling Korea . His domestic policies were also successful in industrializing Korea.^{[citation needed]} The Gabo Reform or Gabo Gyeongjang (갑오 경장; 甲午更張) describes a series of sweeping reforms introduced into Korea (at that time called Joseon) in 1894, during the reign of King Gojong. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Combatants Qing Empire (China) Empire of Japan Commanders Li Hongzhang Yamagata Aritomo Strength 630,000 men Beiyang Army, Beiyang Fleet 240,000 men Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy Casualties 35,000 dead or wounded 13,823 dead, 3,973 wounded The First Sino–Japanese War (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Japanese... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Combatants Russian Empire Empire of Japan Commanders Emperor Nicholas II Aleksey Kuropatkin Stepan Makarov† Emperor Meiji Oyama Iwao Heihachiro Togo Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 39,518 killed; 158,600 wounded; 74,000 POW [1]; unknown Chinese civilians 47,387 killed; 173,425 woundedï¼› unknown Chinese civilians... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Emperor Meiji (Mutsuhito) Mutsuhito (睦仁), the Meiji Emperor (明治天皇, literally Enlightened Rule Emperor) (3 November 1852–30 July 1912) was the 122nd Emperor of Japan. ...

Gojong proclaimed the Korean Empire in 1897 in order to defend Korea against Japanese aggression.^{[citation needed]} Following the Protectorate Treaty of 1905 between Korea and Japan, which stripped Korea of its rights as an independent nation, he sent representatives to the Hague Peace Convention of 1907 in order to try and re-assert his soveriegnty over Korea. Although the Korean representatives were blocked by the Japanese delegates, they did not give up, and later held interviews with newspapers. One representative warned forebodingly of Japanese ambitions in Asia: "The United States does not realize what Japan's policy in the Far East is and what it portends for the American people. The Japanese adopted a policy that in the end will give her complete control over commerce and industry in the Far East. Japan is bitter against the United States and against Great Britain. If the United States does not watch Japan closely she will force the Americans and the English out of the Far East." As a result, an enraged Meiji forced Gojong to abdicate in favour of Gojong's son, Sunjong. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Hague Conventions were international treaties negotiated at the First and Second Peace Conferences at The Hague, Netherlands in 1899 and 1907, respectively, and were, along with the Geneva Conventions, among the first formal statements of the laws of war and war crimes in the nascent body of international law. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Sunjong, Crown Prince Cheok (hwangtaeja), crowned Emperor Yunghui (Korean hangul: 융희제; hanja: 隆熙帝; revised: yunghuije; McCune-Reischauer: yunghŭije; March 25, 1874–April 24, 1926) was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea, ruling from 1907 until 1920. ...

Children

• Yi Seon (Wanhwa-gun or Wanchin-wang), first son with his partner, Lady Yeongbodang, (16 April 1868–12 January 1880)

• Yi Cheok (Hwangtaeja), fourth son with his first wife, Empress Myeongseong. He was married to Miss Min, a daughter of Min Tae-ho – a leader of the Yeoheung-Min clan – known posthumously as Empress Sunmyeong; however, she died before her husband's enthronement. Cheok married again Miss Yun, a daughter of Yun Taek-yeong, who became known as the Empress Sunjeong.

• Yi Gang (Uihwa-gun or Uichin-wang), fifth son with his partner, Lady Jang, (30 March 1877–August 1955); He married Kim Su-deok, who became Princess Deogin; a daughter of Baron Kim Sa-jun.

• Yi Eun (Yeongchin-wang), seventh son with his second wife, Princess Consort Sunheon, (20 October 1897–1 May 1970), (see Crown Prince Eun); He married Princess Masako Nashimotonomiya of Japan, a daughter of Prince Morimasa Nashimotonomiya of Japan.

• Yi Yuk, eighth son with his partner, Lady Gwanghwa-dang (1906–1908)

• Yi U, ninth son with his partner, Lady Bohyeon-dang; unfortunately, he died in infancy.

• Lady Deokhye (Deokhye Ongju), fourth daughter with his partner, Lady Bongnyeong-dang, (25 May 1912–11 April 1989); she married Count Takeyuki Sō, a Japanese nobleman of Tsushima.

April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1868 (MDCCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... Sunjong, Crown Prince Cheok (Hwang Tae-ja), crowned Emperor Yung-hui (융희제 隆熙帝), (March 25, 1874–April 24, 1926) was the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty in Korea, ruling from 1907 until 1920. ... Empress Myeongseong (October 19, 1851 – October 8, 1895), also known as Queen Min, was one of the wives of King Gojong, the 26th king of the Joseon dynasty of Korea. ... Her Imperial Majesty Empress Sunjeong of Korea (20 August 1894 - 3 February 1966) was the consort of Emperor Yunghui , the last emperor of the Joseon Dynasty and Korea. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (90th in leap years). ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Prince Imperial Yeong, the Crown Prince Uimin (also Euimin), (born 20 October 1897 – 1 May 1970) was the 28th Head of Korean Imperial House, and the last crown prince of Korea. ... October 20 is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 72 days remaining. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Prince and Princess Nashimoto Morimasa and their daughters, circa 1915 Prince Nashimoto Morimasa (梨本宮守正王, Nashimoto no miya Morimasa ō) (9 March 1874 - 2 January 1951) was a one-time member of the Japanese imperial family, field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army, and the chief... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Princess Deokhye of Korea (25 May 1912 - 21 April 1989) was the last Princess of Korea. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday in the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Tuesday in the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tsushima is a name related to Japan. ...

Titles

• Lord Yi Myeong-bok (Jaehwang) (李命福 이명복 I Myeong-bok), the second son of Prince Heungseon, a great-great-grandson of Yeongjo (1852–1863)
• His Majesty King Gojong of Korea (1863–1897)
• His Imperial Majesty Emperor Gwangmu of Korea (大韓帝國光武大皇帝陛下 dae han je guk gwang mu dae hwang je pye ha) (1897–1907)
• His Imperial Majesty the Emperor Emeritus of Korea (大韓帝國太皇帝陛下 dae han je guk tae hwang je pye ha) (1907–1910), after his abdication by force of the Japanese government.
  • His Majesty the King Emeritus Yi of Korea (德壽宮李太王殿下 deok su gung i tae wang jeon ha) (1910–1919), a demoted title givenby the Japanese government on the annexation of Korea, ignored in Korea

King Yeongjo was the 21st king of the Korean Joseon Dynasty. ... 1852 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1910 (MCMX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

His full posthumous name

• His Imperial Majesty Emperor Gojong Tongcheon Yung-un Jogeuk Donyun Jeongseong Gwang-ui Myeonggong Daedeok Yojun Sunhwi Umo Tanggyeong Eungmyeong Ripgi Jihwa Sinryeol Oehun Hong-eop Gyegi Seonryeok Geonhaeng Gonjeong Yeong-ui Honghyu Sugang Munheon Mujang Inik Jeonghyo of Korea (대한제국고종통천융운조극돈윤정성광의명공대덕요준순휘우모탕경응명립기지화신렬외훈홍업계기선력건행곤정영의홍휴수강문헌무장인익정효황제폐하)(大韓帝國高宗統天隆運肇極敦倫正聖光義明功大德堯峻舜徽禹謨湯敬應命立紀至化神烈巍勳洪業啓基宣曆乾行坤定英毅弘休壽康文憲武章仁翼貞孝皇帝陛下)