Emperor Kanmu

Emperor Kanmu (桓武天皇, Kanmu Tennō^?) (737–806) was the 50th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Events Favila becomes king of Asturias after Pelayos death Births Emperor Kammu of Japan (d. ... Events April 12 - Nicephorus elected patriarch of Constantinople, succeeding Tarasius. ... For the CPR ocean liner, see Empress of Japan. ...

During his reign (781–806) the capital of Japan was moved from Heijō-kyō in Nara, first to Nagaoka, and then to Heian. This marks the beginning of the Heian era in Japanese history. He was an active emperor who set up new government organisations and fought the Ezo tribes in the north of the country. Events Emperor Kammu succeeds Emperor Konin as emperor of Japan. ... Events April 12 - Nicephorus elected patriarch of Constantinople, succeeding Tarasius. ... Heijō Kyō(平城京)also known as Nara no Miyako,was the capital city of the Nara period in Japan. ... Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ... Nagaokakyō ) was the capital of Japan from 784 to 794. ... Kyoto )   is a city in the central part of the island of HonshÅ«, Japan. ... History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei Overview The Heian period (平安時代) is... For Ainu in J.R.R. Tolkiens fictional universe of Arda, see Ainur. ...

Politics

Earlier Imperial sponsorship of Buddhism, beginning with Prince Shōtoku (574–622), had lead to a general politicization of the clergy, along with an increase in intrigue and corruption. In 784 Kanmu shifted his capital from Nara to Nagaoka in a move that was said to be designed to edge the powerful Nara Buddhist establishments out-of-state politics—while the capital moved, the major Buddhist temples, and their officials, stayed put. Indeed there were a steady stream of edicts issued from 771 right through the period of Kūkai's studies which, for instance, sought to limit the number of Buddhist priests, and the building of clan temples. However the move was to prove disastrous and was followed by a series of natural disasters including the flooding of half the city. In 785 the principal architect of the new capital, and royal favourite, Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, was assassinated. Sculpture of Prince Shotoku in Asuka Dera, Asuka, Nara Prince Shōtoku (聖徳太子 574-622) was a regent and a politician of the Imperial Court in Japan. ... Events August 31 - Paul IV abdicates as Patriarch of Constantinople December 25 - Tarasius elected Patriarch of Constantinople The Japanese capital moved away from Nara. ... Nara ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. ... Nagaokakyō ) was the capital of Japan from 784 to 794. ... Events Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized. ...

Meanwhile, Kanmu's armies were pushing back the boundaries of his empire. This led to an uprising, and in 789 a substantial defeat for Kanmu's troops. Also in 789 there was a severe draught and famine—the streets of the capital were clogged with the sick, and people avoiding being drafted into the military, or into forced labour. Many disguised themselves as Buddhist priests for the same reason. Then in 794 Kanmu suddenly shifted the capital again, this time to Heian-kyō, which is modern day Kyoto. The new capital was started early the previous year, but the change was abrupt and led to even more confusion amongst the populace. Events Uprising in Japan leads to a major defeat for Emperor Kammu, alongside a severe drought and famine Constantine becomes king of the Picts Herford founded by Charlemagne Fes founded by Idris I Eadburh marries Beorhtric of Wessex Births Deaths Categories: 789 ... Events Kyoto becomes the Japanese capital. ... Kyoto )   is a city in the central part of the island of HonshÅ«, Japan. ...

Politically Kanmu shored up his rule by changing the syllabus of the university. Confucian ideology still provided the raison d'être for the Imperial government. In 784 Kanmu authorised the teaching of a new course based on the Annals of Spring and Autumn based on two newly imported commentaries: Kung-yang, and Ku-liang. These commentaries used political rhetoric to promote a state in which, the Emperor as "Son of Heaven", should extent his sphere of influence to barbarous lands, thereby gladdening the people. In 798 the two commentaries became required reading at the government university. Confucius (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kung-fu-tzu, lit. ... Events August 31 - Paul IV abdicates as Patriarch of Constantinople December 25 - Tarasius elected Patriarch of Constantinople The Japanese capital moved away from Nara. ... The Annals of Spring and Autumn (春秋 Chūn Qiū, also known as 麟經 Lín Jīng) was the chronicle of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, from 722 BC to 481 BC. Traditionally attributed to Confucius as writer or... Events Coenwulf of Mercia invades Kent, deposes and imprisons king Eadbert Praen and makes his own brother Cuthred king. ...

Kanmu also sponsored the travels of the monks Saichō and Kūkai to China, from where they returned to found the Japanese branches of, respectively, Tendai and Shingon Buddhism. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Painting of KÅ«kai (774-835). ... Tendai (Japanese: 天台宗, Tendai-shÅ«) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ... Shingon (眞言,真言), also called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and one of two major sub-schools of Vajrayana Buddhism, the other being Tibetan Buddhism. ... Buddhism is a dharmic, non-theistic religion and a philosophy. ...

Genealogy

Kanmu was the son of Emperor Kōnin. According to the Shoku Nihongi, (続日本紀), Emperor Kanmu's mother Yamato no Niigasa, later Takano no Niigasa, was a descendant of King Muryeong of Baekje, Korea. Kanmu was born before his father ascended to the throne. Emperor Kōnin (光仁天皇 Kōnin Tennō) (November 18, 709[1] – January 11, 782[2]) was the 49th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. ... The Shoku Nihongi（続日本紀）is an imperially commissioned history of Japan written in the early Heian period. ... Takano no Niigasa (高野新笠) (?–790) was a concubine of Emperor Konin and the mother of Emperor Kammu. ... King Muryeong (462-523 r. ... Korea (Korean: 한국 or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ...

After his father Kōnin became emperor, Kanmu's half brother was appointed to the rank of crown prince. But instead of his half brother, it was Kanmu who was later named to succeed their father.

Later, when he ascended to the throne, Kanmu appointed his young brother, Prince Sawara, whose mother was Takano no Niigasa, as crown prince. Prince Sawara was later expelled and died in exile.

Kanmu had many consorts and concubines, and as a result he had many sons and daughters. Among them, three sons would eventually ascend to the imperial throne: Emperor Heizei, Emperor Saga and Emperor Junna. A swampy marsh area ... Emperor Heizei (平城天皇 Heizei Tennō , Heijō Tennō) (774-824) was the 51st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. ... Emperor Saga (嵯峨天皇, Saga tennō) (786–842) was the 52nd imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. ... Emperor Junna (淳和天皇 Junna Tennō) (786-840) was the 53rd imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. ...

Some of his descendants (known as the Kanmu Taira or Kanmu Heishi) took the Taira hereditary clan title, and in later generations became prominent warriors. Examples include Taira no Masakado, Taira no Kiyomori, and (with a further surname expansion) the Hōjō clan. The waka poet Ariwara no Narihira was one of his grandsons. he allso bought a ferrari and a nuclear weapon. Taira (平) is a Japanese surname. ... Taira no Masakados tomb(Burial only his head). ... Statue of Taira no Kiyomori, Miyajima, Hiroshima Prefecture Taira no Kiyomori (å¹³ 清盛 1118 - 1181) was a general of the late Heian period of Japan. ... The Hōjō clan (北条氏) in the history of Japan was a family of regents of the Kamakura Shogunate. ... Waka (和歌) or Yamato uta is a genre of Japanese poetry. ... Ariwara no Narihira (在原業平, 825 - July 9, 880) was a Japanese waka poet and aristocrat. ...

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• Heian kyō