Emperor Kanmu

Emperor Kanmu or Kammu (桓武天皇, Kanmu-tennō) (737–806) was the 50th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or more. ... Events Favila becomes king of Asturias after Pelayos death Births Emperor Kammu of Japan (d. ... Events April 12 - Nicephorus elected patriarch of Constantinople, succeeding Tarasius. ... His Majesty Emperor Akihito of Japan The Emperor of Japan (天皇 tennō) is arguably Japans titular head of state and the head of the Japanese Imperial Family. ...

During his reign (781–806) the capital of Japan was moved from Heijō-kyō in Nara, first to Nagaoka, and then to Heian. This marks the beginning of the Heian era in Japanese history. He was an active emperor who set up new government organisations and fought the Ezo tribes in the north of the country. Events Emperor Kammu succeeds Emperor Konin as emperor of Japan. ... Events April 12 - Nicephorus elected patriarch of Constantinople, succeeding Tarasius. ... Nara (奈良市; -shi) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan, near Kyoto. ... Mukō (向日市; -shi) is a city located in Kyoto, Japan. ... Location of Kyoto, on the main island of Japan Kyoto (Japanese: 京都市; Kyōto-shi) is a city in Japan that has a population of 1. ... History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei Overview The Heian period (平安時代) is the last division... The Ainu (pronounced , eye-noo, or ah-ee-noo) are an ethnic group indigenous to Hokkaido, the northern part of Honshu in Northern Japan, the Kuril Islands, much of Sakhalin, and the southernmost third of the Kamchatka peninsula. ...

Politics

Earlier Imperial sponsorship of Buddhism, beginning with Prince Shōtoku (574–622), had lead to a general politicization of the clergy, along with an increase in intrigue and corruption. In 784 Kanmu shifted his capital from Nara to Nagaoka in a move that was said to be designed to edge the powerful Nara Buddhist establishments out of state politics—while the capital moved, the major Buddhist temples, and their officials, stayed put. Indeed there were a steady stream of edicts issued from 771 right through the period of Kukai's studies which, for instance, sought to limit the number of Buddhist priests, and the building of clan temples. However the move was to prove disastrous and was followed by a series of natural disasters including the flooding of half the city. In 785 the principal architect of the new capital, and royal favourite, Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, was assassinated. Prince Shōtoku (聖徳太子 574-622) was a regent and a politician of the Imperial Court in Japan. ... Events August 31 - Paul IV abdicates as Patriarch of Constantinople December 25 - Tarasius elected Patriarch of Constantinople The Japanese capital moved away from Nara. ... Nara (奈良市; -shi) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan, near Kyoto. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Events Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized. ...

Meanwhile Kanmu's armies were pushing back the boundaries of his empire. This led to an uprising, and in 789 a substantial defeat for Kanmu's troops. Also in 789 there was a severe draught and famine—the streets of the capital were clogged with the sick, and people avoiding being drafted into the military, or into forced labour. Many disguised themselves as Buddhist priests for the same reason. Then in 794 Kanmu suddenly shifted the capital again, this time to Heian-kyō, which is modern day Kyoto. The new capital was started early the previous year, but the change was abrupt and led to even more confusion amongst the populace. Events Uprising in Japan leads to a major defeat for Emperor Kammu, alongside a severe drought and famine Constantine becomes king of the Picts Herford founded by Charlemagne Fes founded by Idris I Eadburh marries Beorhtric of Wessex Births Deaths Categories: 789 ... Events Kyoto becomes the Japanese capital. ... This page is about the city Kyoto. ...

Politically Kanmu shored up his rule by changing the syllabus of the university. Confucian ideology still provided the raison d'être for the Imperial government. In 784 Kanmu authorised the teaching of a new course based on the Annals of Spring and Autumn based on two newly imported commentaries: Kung-yang, and Ku-liang. These commentaries used political rhetoric and promote a state in which the Emperor as "son of Heaven" should extent his sphere of influence to barbarous lands, thereby gladdening the people. In 798 the two commentaries became required reading at the government university. [edit] Confucius (traditionally September 8? 551 BC–479 BC) was a famous thinker and social philosopher of China, whose teachings have deeply influenced East Asia for centuries. ... Events August 31 - Paul IV abdicates as Patriarch of Constantinople December 25 - Tarasius elected Patriarch of Constantinople The Japanese capital moved away from Nara. ... The Annals of Spring and Autumn (春秋 Chūn Qiū, also known as 麟經 Lín Jīng) was the chronicle of the state of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period, from 722 BC to 481 BC. Traditionally attributed to Confucius as writer or at least editor, it covers not only annual... Events Coenwulf of Mercia invades Kent, deposes and imprisons king Eadbert Praen and makes his own brother Cuthred king. ...

Kanmu also sponsored the travels of the monks Saicho and Kukai to China, from where they returned to found the Japanese branches of, respectively, Tendai and Shingon Buddhism. Saichō (最澄, 767–822) was a Japanese Buddhist monk credited with founding the Tendai school in Japan, based around the Chinese Tiantai tradition he was exposed to during his trip to China beginning in 804. ... Painting of Kukai (774-835). ... Tendai (天台) is a Japanese school of Buddhism, a descendant of the Chinese Tiantai or Lotus Sutra school. ... Shingon (真言宗) is a major school of Japanese Buddhism, and the most important school of Vajrayana Buddhism outside of the Himalayan region. ... Statues of Buddha such as this, the Tian Tan Buddha statue in Hong Kong, remind followers to practice right living. ...

Genealogy

Kanmu was the son of the emperor Kōnin. According to the Nihonshoki, (續日本紀), Emperor Kanmu's mother Yamato no Niigasa, later Takano no Niigasa, was a descendant of King Muryeong of Baekje, Korea. Kanmu was born before his father ascended to the throne. Emperor Kōnin (光仁天皇) (709-782) was the 49th imperial ruler of Japan. ... Nihonshoki (日本書紀) is the second oldest history book about the ancient history of Japan. ... King Muryeong (462-523 r. ... For other places called Korea, see: Korea (disambiguation) Korea (한국/韓國, ì¡°ì„ /朝鮮) is a formerly unified country, situated on the Korean Peninsula in northern East Asia, bordering on China to the northwest and Russia to the north. ...

After his father Kōnin became emperor, Kanmu's half brother was appointed to the rank of crown prince. Later Kanmu was named to succeed father instead of his brother.

Later, when he ascended to the throne, Kanmu appointed his young brother, Prince Sawara, whose mother was Takano no Niigasa, as crown prince. Prince Sawara was later expelled and died in exile.

Kanmu had many consorts and concubines, and as a result he had many sons and daughters. Among them, three sons would eventually ascend to the imperial throne: Heizei, Saga and Junna. Concubinage is either the state of a couple living together as lovers with no obligation created by vows, legal marriage, or religious ceremony, or the state of a woman supported by a male lover who is married to, and usually living with, someone else. ... Emperor Heizei (平城天皇) (774-824) was the 51st imperial ruler of Japan. ... Emperor Saga (嵯峨天皇) (786-842) was the 52nd imperial ruler of Japan. ... Emperor Junna (淳和天皇) (786-840) was the 53rd imperial ruler of Japan. ...

Some of his descendants (known as the Kanmu Taira or Kanmu Heishi) took the Taira surname, and in later generations became prominent samurai. Examples include Taira no Masakado, Taira no Kiyomori, and (with a further surname change) the Hōjō clan. The waka poet Ariwara no Narihira was one of his grandsons. Taira (平) is a Japanese surname. ... Japanese samurai in armour, 1860 photograph. ... Taira no Masakado (平将門, ?–940 C.E.) was a member of the Kammu Taira clan of Japan. ... Taira no Kiyomori (平 清盛 1118 - 1181) was a general of the late Heian period of Japan. ... The Hojo clan (北条氏) in History of Japan is a family of regents of the Kamakura Shogunate. ... Waka (和歌) or Yamato uta is a genre of Japanese poetry. ... Ariwara no Narihira (在原業平, 825 - July 9, 880) was a Japanese waka poet and aristocrat. ...

Emperor Kōnin (光仁天皇) (709-782) was the 49th imperial ruler of Japan. ... History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban contacts Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei The following is a traditional list of Emperors of... Emperor Heizei (平城天皇) (774-824) was the 51st imperial ruler of Japan. ...