The Brazilian monarchs were the rulers of Brazil from its discovery in 1500 until 1889. There are three main stages in the dynastical history of Brazil: Brazil as part of the Kingdom of Portugal (1500-1815), the Kingdom of Brazil (1815-1822) united with Portugal, and the independent Empire of Brazil (1822-1889).
Brazil was officially discovered on April 22, 1500 and based on the Treaty of Tordesilhas, it became a possession of Portugal. The Kings of Portugal then were the Monarchs in Brazil until Napoleon's invading army forced the Portuguese government to flee to Brazil in 1807. On December 16, 1815 the regent D. João VI raised Brazil to the status of a kingdom and thus making his mother, the reigning Queen, the first Monarch of Brazil. Having proclaimed independence from Portugal in 1822, Pedro I, son of João VI, was crowned Emperor of Brazil on December 1, 1822.
Brazil's fate was in the hands of a few people concentrated in the capital who spread false stories and undermined discipline in the army and police.
The Emperor then appeared before the General Assembly, took the constitutional oath, and a proclamation was issued declaring the end of the regency and the beginning of the personal rule of Pedro II.
In Brazil the war contributed to the growth of manufacturing, to the professionalization of the armed forces and their concentration in Rio Grande do Sul, to the building of roads and the settling of European immigrants in the southern provinces, and to the increased power of the central government.
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