Endonucleases are enzymes that cleave the phosphodiester bond within a nucleotide chain. Restriction endonucleases (Restriction Enzymes) cleave DNA at spec;lkj;lkj;lkj;lkj;lkj;lkj;lkjl;kjl;kj Ribbon diagram of the catalytically perfect enzyme TIM. Factor D enzyme crystal prevents the immune system from inappropriately running out of control. ... Diagram of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides A phosphodiester bond is a group of strong covalent bonds between the phosphorus atom in a phosphate group and two other molecules over two ester bonds. ... A nucleotide is a monomer or the structural unit of nucleotide chains forming nucleic acids as RNA and DNA. A nucleotide consists of a heterocyclic nucleobase, a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxiribose), and a phosphate or polyphosphate group. ... A restriction enzyme (or restriction endonuclease) is an enzyme that cuts double-stranded DNA. The enzyme makes two incisions, one through each of the phosphate backbones of the double helix without damaging the bases. ...
lkjific sites, and are divided into three categories, Type I, Type II, and Type III, according to their mechanism of action.
See also: Exonuclease Exonucleases are enzymes that cleave nucleotides one at a time from an end of a polynucleotide chain. ...
Endonuclease V, often called deoxyinosine 3´ endonuclease, recognizes DNA containing deoxyinosines (paired or not) on double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA with deoxyinosines and to a lesser degree, DNA containing abasic sites (ap) or urea, base mismatches, insertion/deletion mismatches, hairpin or unpaired loops, flaps and pseudo-Y structures.
It is believed that Endonuclease V needs another protein to repair the DNA, as it does not remove the deoxyinsoine or the damaged bases (1,2,3).
Endonuclease V cleaves the second and third phosphodiester bonds 3´ to the mismatch of deoxyinosine with a 95% efficiency for the second bond and a 5% efficiency for the third bond (2), leaving a nick with 3´-hydroxyl and 5´-phosphate (4).
Endonuclease G (endoG) is released from mitochondria during apoptosis and is in part responsible for internucleosomal DNA cleavage.
Endonuclease G (Endo G) is widely distributed among animals and cleaves DNA at double-stranded (dG)n.(dC)n and at single-stranded (dC)n tracts.
Endonuclease G (Endo G) is a nuclease of prokaryotic lineage found in the mitochondria of vertebrates that has been suggested to play a role in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication.
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