Endoscopic images of a duodenal ulcer Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the human body for medical reasons using an instrument called an endoscope. Endoscopy can also refer to using a borescope in technical situations where direct line-of-sight observation is not feasible. Image File history File links Am_ulcer. ...
Image File history File links Am_ulcer. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (800 × 600 pixel, file size: 458 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Endoscopy Metadata This file contains additional...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (800 × 600 pixel, file size: 458 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Endoscopy Metadata This file contains additional...
A borescope is a rigid tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between. ...
Overview
Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic medical procedure used to assess the interior surfaces of an organ by inserting a tube into the body. The instrument may have a rigid or flexible tube and not only provide an image for visual inspection and photography, but also enable taking biopsies and retrieval of foreign objects. Endoscopy is the vehicle for minimally invasive surgery. A minimally invasive medical procedure is defined as one that is carried out by entering the body through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening, but with the smallest damage possible to these structures. ...
Diagnosis (from the Greek words dia = by and gnosis = knowledge) is the process of identifying a disease by its signs, symptoms and results of various diagnostic procedures. ...
A medical procedure is a course of action intended to achieve a result in the care of patients, used by medical or paramedical personnel. ...
Vision can refer to: Visual perception is one of the senses. ...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
A minimally invasive medical procedure is defined as one that is carried out by entering the body through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening, but with the smallest damage possible to these structures. ...
Many endoscopic procedures are considered to be relatively painless and, at worst, associated with mild discomfort. Most patients tolerate the procedure with only topical anaesthesia of the oropharynx using lignocaine spray (Source: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, Wikipedia). [citation needed] Complications are rare (only 5% of all operations)[citation needed] but can include perforation of the organ under inspection with the endoscope or biopsy instrument. If that occurs open surgery may be required to repair the injury.
Components An endoscope can consist of - a rigid or flexible tube
- a light delivery system to illuminate the organ or object under inspection. The light source is normally outside the body and the light is typically directed via an optical fiber system
- a lens system transmitting the image to the viewer from the fiberscope
- an additional channel to allow entry of medical instruments or manipulators
Look up Tube in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Åž:For other uses, see Organ (disambiguation) In biology, an organ (Latin: organum, instrument, tool) is a group of tissues that perform a specific function or group of functions. ...
Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length by confining as much light as possible in a propagating form. ...
A lens. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into image (disambiguation). ...
A fiberscope is a flexible fiber optic bundle with an eyepiece at one end, and a lens at the other. ...
Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining human health or restoring it through the treatment of disease and injury. ...
Uses Endoscopy can involve Upper and Lower gastrointestinal tract The gastrointestinal tract (GI tract), also called the digestive tract, or the alimentary canal, is the system of organs within multicellular animals that takes in food, digests it to extract energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste. ...
The esophagus, oe/œsophagus*, or gullet is the muscular tube in vertebrates through which ingested food passes from the mouth area to the stomach. ...
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. ...
In anatomy of the digestive system, the duodenum is a hollow jointed tube connecting the stomach to the jejunum. ...
Endoscopic still of esophageal ulcers seen after banding of esophageal varices, at time of esophagogastroduodenosocopy In medicine (gastroenterology), esophagogastroduodenoscopy is a diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualises the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract up to the duodenum. ...
In biology the small intestine is the part of the gastrointestinal tract (gut) between the stomach and the large intestine and includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Large intestine. ...
Colonoscopy is the minimally invasive endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. ...
Sigmoidoscopy is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon. ...
X-Ray of the bile duct during a laprascopic cholecystectomy A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry bile. ...
Duodenoscopic image of two pigment stones extracted from common bile duct after sphincterotomy Fluoroscopic image of common bile duct stone seen at the time of ERCP. The stone is impacted in the distal common bile duct. ...
In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy that has to do with the process of respiration or breathing. ...
For other uses, see Nose (disambiguation). ...
In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy that has to do with the process of respiration or breathing. ...
This drawing shows a bronchoscope inserted through the mouth, trachea, and bronchus into the lung; lymph nodes along trachea and bronchi; and cancer in one lung. ...
The urinary system is a system of organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves that work together to create, store, and carry, urine. ...
A sterile flexible cystoscope in an operating theatre Hello this is a Message to Dad Quit Reading this stuff :) . Endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra is called cystoscopy. ...
The reproductive system is the ensembles and interactions of organs and/or substances within an organism that strictly pertain to reproduction. ...
The cervix (from Latin neck) is the lower, narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top end of the vagina. ...
A colposcopy or colcoscopy is a diagnostic procedure in which a colposcope is utilized to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. ...
This article is about female reproductive anatomy. ...
Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy. ...
The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges (singular salpinx) are two very fine tubes leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus. ...
Falloscopy is the inspection of the fallopian tubes through an endoscope that can be either inserted into the tube through its opening in the uterus, the tubal ostium, or from the distal end, the fimbriated end. ...
Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery (when natural body openings are not used), bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery (MIS), is a surgical technique. ...
Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision. ...
Thoracoscopy is a medical procedure involving internal inspection of the pleural cavity. ...
Mr Bound 21:47, May 21, 2005 (UTC) Categories: Possible copyright violations ...
This article is about human pregnancy in biological females. ...
For the alien race in Stephen Donaldsons The Gap Cycle, see Amnion (Gap Cycle). ...
“Unborn child†redirects here. ...
Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. ...
Laryngoscope in use intubating a dummy A laryngoscope is a medical instrument that is used to obtain a view of the glottis by direct laryngoscopy. ...
This drawing shows a bronchoscope inserted through the mouth, trachea, and bronchus into the lung; lymph nodes along trachea and bronchi; and cancer in one lung. ...
Many people find the visualization of architectural plans difficult, if not impossible. ...
A borescope is a rigid tube with an eyepiece on one end, an objective lens on the other linked together by a relay optical system in between. ...
Explosive devices, as used by terrorists, guerrillas or commando forces, are formally known as Improvised Explosive Devices or IEDs. ...
The Longest Walk: a British Army ATO approaches a suspect device in Northern Ireland. ...
History The first endoscope, of a kind, was developed in 1806 by Philip Bozzini with his introduction of a "Lichtleiter" (light conductor) "for the examinations of the canals and cavities of the human body". However, the Vienna Medical Society disapproved of such curiosity. An endoscope was first introduced into a human in 1822 by William Beaumont, an army surgeon at Mackinac Island, Michigan[citation needed]. The use of electric light was a major step in the improvement of endoscopy. The first such lights were external. Later, smaller bulbs became available making internal light possible, for instance in a hysteroscope by Charles David in 1908[citation needed]. Hans Christian Jacobaeus has been given credit for early endoscopic explorations of the abdomen and the thorax with laparoscopy (1912) and thoracoscopy (1910)[citation needed]. Laparoscopy was used in the diagnosis of liver and gallbladder disease by Heinz Kalk in the 1930s[citation needed]. Hope reported in 1937 on the use of laparoscopy to diagnose ectopic pregnancy[citation needed]. In 1944, Raoul Palmer placed his patients in the Trendelenburg position after gaseous distention of the abdomen and thus was able to reliably perform gynecologic laparoscopy[citation needed]. Mackinac Island is a city located on Mackinac Island and Round Island in Mackinac County in the U.S. state of Michigan. ...
Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy. ...
Hans Christian Jacobaeus (1879-1937) was a Swedish internist who was born in Skarhult. ...
Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery (when natural body openings are not used), bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery (MIS), is a surgical technique. ...
Thoracoscopy is a medical procedure involving internal inspection of the pleural cavity. ...
The liver is an organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. ...
The gallbladder (or cholecyst, sometimes gall bladder) is a pear-shaped organ that stores about 50 ml of bile (or gall) until the body needs it for digestion. ...
In the Trendelenburg position the body is laid flat on the back with the head lower than the pelvis, in contrast to the reverse trendelenburg position. ...
The shamefulness associated with the examination of female genitalia has long inhibited the science of gynaecology. ...
The first gastrocamera was released in 1950 by Olympus Optical Co., Ltd. The device took pictures on monochromatic film using a small light bulb that was triggered manually. The device was of limited use, however, because it did not implement real-time optical capability. Olympus continued its development of endoscopes by incorporating fiber optics in the early 1960s, leading to the first useful endoscopes. In 1964, it released a gastrocamera guided by a fiberscope.
As endoscopic technology improved, so did the methods of gastrointestinal endoscopy. Owing primarily to the efforts of Dr. Hiromi Shinya in the late 1960s, GI endoscopy developed into what is more recognizable as today's colonoscopy. While many doctors experimented with techniques to take advantage of the new iterations of endoscopes, Dr. Shinya developed "many and probably most of the fundamental principles"[1] of colonoscopy. He focused on techniques that would allow for successful operation of the endoscope by an individual, rejecting the common practice at the time of utilizing two people. Colonoscopy is the minimally invasive endoscopic examination of the large colon and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. ...
Dr. Shinya's other great contribution was to therapeutic endoscopy, in his invention of the electrosurgical polypectomy snare with the aid of Olympus employee Hiroshi Ichikawa. Shinya sketched his first plans for the device on January 8, 1969. He envisioned a loop of wire attached to the end of a colonoscope that would allow for easy removal of polyps during investigation by passing a current through the wire. By September of 1969, the first polypectomy using this device was performed. According to Michael Sivak, polypectomy "now surpasses all other endoscopic therapeutic procedures in terms of numbers performed."[2]
By 1980, laparoscopy training was required by gynecologists to perform tubal ligation procedures and diagnostic evaluations of the pelvis. The first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 1984 and the first video-laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1987[citation needed]. During the 1990s, laparoscopic surgery was extended to the appendix, spleen, colon, stomach, kidney, and liver[citation needed]. Wireless capsule endoscopy [1] or Capsule Endoscopy [2] is now approved in all the countries including Japan where government reimbusement will be available from Oct.2007.Capsule Endoscopy [3] increases detection of Small Bowel tumors where traditional Endoscopy is not very efficient. The shamefulness associated with the examination of female genitalia has long inhibited the science of gynaecology. ...
Tubal ligation (informally known as getting ones tubes tied) is a permanent form of female sterilization, in which the fallopian tubes are severed and sealed or pinched shut, in order to prevent fertilization. ...
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy as seen through laparoscope X-Ray during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Cholecystectomy (, plural: cholecystectomies,) is the surgical removal of the gallbladder. ...
In human anatomy, the vermiform appendix (or appendix, pl. ...
The spleen is an organ located in the abdomen, where it functions in the destruction of old red blood cells and holding a reservoir of blood. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Large intestine. ...
In anatomy, the stomach is a bean-shaped hollow muscular organ of the gastrointestinal tract involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication. ...
The kidneys are organs that filter wastes (such as urea) from the blood and excrete them, along with water, as urine. ...
The liver is an organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. ...
Risks - Infection
- Punctured organs
- Allergic reactions due to Contrast agents or dyes (such as those used in a CT scan)
- Over-sedation
Radiocontrast agents (also simply contrast agents or contrast materials) are compounds used to improve the visibility of internal bodily structures in an X-ray image. ...
CAT apparatus in a hospital Computed axial tomography (CAT), computer-assisted tomography, computed tomography, CT, or body section roentgenography is the process of using digital processing to generate a three-dimensional image of the internals of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around...
After The Endoscopy After the procedure the patient will be observed and monitored by a qualified individual in the endoscopy or a recovery area until a significant portion of the medication has worn off. Occasionally a patient is left with a mild sore throat, which promptly responds to saline gargles, or a feeling of distention from the insufflated air that was used during the procedure. Both problems are mild and fleeting. When fully recovered, the patient will be instructed when to resume his/her usual diet (probably within a few hours) and will be allowed to be taken home. Because of the use of sedation, most facilities mandate that the patient is taken home by another person and not to drive on his/her own or handle machinery for the remainder of the day.
Recent developments With the application of robotic systems, telesurgery was introduced as the surgeon could operate from a site physically removed from the patient. The first transatlantic surgery has been called the Lindbergh Operation. The Lindbergh Operation, was named after American aviator Charles Lindbergh, because he was the first person to cross the Atlantic by plane. ...
See also Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. ...
A fiberscope is a flexible fiber optic bundle with an eyepiece at one end, and a lens at the other. ...
Robotic surgery is the use of robots in performing surgery. ...
References - Siegler AM, Kemmann E: Hysteroscopy. Obstet Gynecol Survey 30:567-88, 1975.
- Armin Gärtner; medical technics and information technologie, Band II. Medizintechnik und Informationstechnologie, Band II. ISBN 3-8249-0941-3.
- Obituary: Professor Harold Hopkins, FRS, The Times, 3 Nov 1994.
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