Endrin

Endrin is a cyclodiene insecticide used on cotton, maize, and rice. It also acts as an avicide. As a rodenticide, it is used to control mice and voles. It is a solid, cream to light tan to white, almost odorless substance. It melts and decomposes at 200 °C. It is moderately soluble in benzene and acetone, slightly soluble in alcohols, alkanes, and xylene, and almost insoluble in water. It is also known as Mendrin, and Compound 269. An insecticide is a pesticide whose purpose is to kill or to prevent the multiplication of insects. ... Picking cotton in Georgia Cotton is a soft fiber that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant, a shrub native to the tropical and subtropical regions of both the Old World and the New World. ... Binomial name Zea mays L. Maize (Zea mays ssp. ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Rice refers to two species (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) of grass, native to tropical and subtropical southeastern Asia and to Africa. ... An avicide is any substance (normally, a chemical) which can be used to kill birds. ... Rat poisons are a category of pest control chemicals intended to kill rats. ... Feral mouse A mouse is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents in the genus Mus and various related genera of the family Muridæ (Old World Mice). ... Genera Microtus Myodes Phenacomys Lagurus Arvicola A vole is a small rodent resembling a mouse but with a stouter body; a shorter, hairy tail; and smaller ears and eyes. ... Benzene, also known as C6H6, PhH, and benzol, is an organic chemical compound which is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , , Flash point -20 °C Autoignition temperature 465 °C RTECS number AL31500000 Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, εr, etc. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul الكحول, al meaning the and kukhul meaning spirit, the chemical) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... An alkane in organic chemistry simply put means that Reece has a severe Odour problem. ... The term xylenes refers to a group of 3 benzene derivatives which encompasses ortho-, meta-, and para- isomers of dimethyl benzene. ...

The use of endrin is now banned in many countries.

The majority of use (about 80%) was as a spray to control insect pests of cotton. It was also used on rice, to some extent on sugar cane, in a limited way on grain crops and sugar beets, and in Australia on tobacco and cole crops. It was occassionally used in orchards as a control of rodents, where it is sprayed on the ground under the trees in autumn or spring, often as a solution in mineral oil. As a seed treatment, it was used for cotton seed in the United States, and for beans seeds in Australia. Species Ref: ITIS 42058 as of 2004-05-05 Sugarcane is one of six species of a tall tropical southeast Asian grass (Family Poaceae) having stout fibrous jointed stalks whose sap at one time was the primary source of sugar. ... The word grain has several meanings, most being descriptive of a small piece or particle. ... Two sugar beets - the one on the left has been cultivated to be smoother than the traditional beet, so that it traps less soil. ... Species N. glauca N. longiflora N. rustica N. sylvestris N. tabacum Ref: ITIS 30562 as of August 26, 2005 Tobacco (, L.) refers to a genus of broad-leafed plants of the nightshade family, which is indigenous to North and South America, or to their dried and cured leaves. ... An orchard is an intentional planting of trees or shrubs maintained for food production. ... Families See Classification Section The order Rodentia is the most numerous of all the branches on the mammal family tree. ...

Endrin is a stereoisomer of dieldrin and is structurally similar to aldrin. Stereoisomerism is the arrangement of atoms in molecules whose connectivity remains the same but their arrangement in space is different in each isomer. ... Dieldrin Dieldrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon originally produced by Bayer AG as an insecticide. ... Aldrin is a organochlorine insecticide which is oxidized in the insect to form the dieldrin, which acts as a neurotoxin on the insect. ...

Its CAS number is 72-20-8[1] and its SMILES structure is ClC1(Cl)C2(Cl) [C@@](C4C5C(O5) C3C4)([H])[C@]3 ([H])C(Cl) 1C(Cl)=C2Cl. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ... The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a specification for unambiguously describing the structure of chemical molecules using short ASCII strings. ...

It is likely to adsorb onto the sediments in surface water. It can bioaccumulate in tissues, particularly fatty tissues, of organisms living in water. Some estimates indicate its half-life in soil for over 10 years. It is very toxic to aquatic organisms, namely fish, aquatic invertebrates, and phytoplankton. [2] To bioaccumulate literally means to accumulate in a biological system. ... Half-Life For a quantity subject to exponential decay, the half-life is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. ... Soil is unconsolidated rock particles mixed with organic matter from plant decay. ... Groups Conodonta Hyperoartia Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Pteraspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Thelodonti Anaspida Cephalaspidomorphi (early jawless fish) Galeaspida Pituriaspida Osteostraci Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) Placodermi Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii Osteichthyes (bony fish) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) A fish is a poikilothermic (cold-blooded) water-dwelling... Invertebrate is a term coined by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck to describe any animal without a spinal column. ... Diagrams of some typical phytoplankton Phytoplankton refers to the autotrophic component of the plankton that drifts in the water column. ...

Acute endrin poisoning in humans affects primarily the nerve system. Food contaminated with endrin caused several clusters of poisonings worldwide, especially affecting children. [3] The nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the muscles, monitors the organs, constructs and processes input from the senses, and initiates actions. ...

In comparison with dieldrin, the degree of persistence of endrin in organisms is lower, likely due to its rapid excretion in bile. It is eliminated mostly in feces. [4] Bile (or gall) is a bitter, greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted by the liver of most vertebrates. ... Rabbit feces are usually 8-10 mm in diameter and dry to the touch. ...

External links

• 1970 Evaluations of some pesticide residues in food