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Energy security, or security of supply, is a key component of energy policy in many countries. Since all economic activity requires the use of energy resources, the continuing availability of energy at a price that protects economic growth is a major concern of governments. Energy policy is the manner a given entity (often governmental) has decided to address issues of energy development including energy production, distribution and consumption. ...
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Energy Resources The sources and methods by which energy can be tapped can be listed as follows: These are modes of energy generation or energy conservation, listed alphabetically. ...
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Threats
One of the leading threats to energy security is significant increases in energy prices, either on the world markets – as has occurred in a number of energy crises over the years – or by the imposition of price increases by an oligopoly or monopoly supplier, cartel or country. In some cases the threat might come from a single energy superpower – those states able to significantly influence world markets by their action alone. Rather than just manipulating prices, such suppliers might go beyond this by suspending or terminating supplies. This has been done to apply pressure during economic negotiations - such as during the Russia-Belarus energy dispute - or to apply political pressure, for example by OPEC in response to Western support for Israel in the Yom Kippur War. Suspension of supplies may also come about as a result of world-wide international sanctions against a country. The following articles relate to the price of energy: Energy crisis Petroleum pricing Hubbert peak theory (peak oil) Energy economics Electricity market Categories: | ...
This article is about energy crises in general. ...
An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). ...
A monopoly (from the Greek language monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service, in other words a firm that has no competitors in its industry. ...
A cartel is a group of formally independent producers whose goal is to increase their collective profits by means of price fixing, limiting supply, or other restrictive practices. ...
In political geography and international politics, a country is a political division of a geographical entity, a sovereign territory, most commonly associated with the notions of state or nation and government. ...
There is as yet no consensus as to what an energy superpower is exactly, or how to define it apart from other large resource-producing states. ...
Druzhba pipeline goes from Russia through Belarus to other European countries The Russia-Belarus energy dispute began when Russian state-owned gas supplier Gazprom demanded an increase in gas prices paid by Belarus. ...
OPEC Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel[1][2] made up of Iraq, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Angola, Algeria, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. ...
Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, Jordan Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul...
International sanctions are actions taken by countries against others for political reasons, either unilaterally or multilaterally. ...
Threats to energy security can also result from physical damage to the energy infrastructure either of the supplier, or of the importer as a result of natural events, misfortune, terrorism, or warfare. The political and economic instability caused by war or other factors such as strike action can also prevent the proper functioning of the energy industry in a supplier country. Terrorist redirects here. ...
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See also general strike, or for other uses see: strike (disambiguation). ...
In recent years, new threats to energy security have emerged in the form of the increased world competition for energy resources due to the increased pace of industrialization in countries such as India and China. Although still a minority concern, the possibility of price rises resulting from the peaking of world oil production is also starting to attract the attention of at least the French government.[1] It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Peak oil and Hubbert peak theory, accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
In the future it is possible to envisage threats to energy security emerging not as a result of energy prices, but as a result of increases in the price of carbon emissions within carbon emissions trading schemes, or from international political pressure to reduce emissions. Top: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels as measured in the atmosphere and ice cores. ...
Carbon emissions trading involves the trading of permits to emit carbon dioxide (and other greenhouse gases, calculated in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent, tCO2e). ...
Increased competition over energy resources may also lead to the formation of security compacts to enable an equitable distribution of oil and gas between major powers. However, this may happen at the expense of less developed economies. The Group of Five, precursors to the G8, "first met in 1975 to coordinate economic and energy policies in the wake of the 1973 Arab oil embargo, a rise in inflation and a global economic slowdown."[2]
Long term security Long term measures to increase energy security center on reducing dependence on any one source of imported energy, increasing the number of suppliers, exploiting native fossil fuel or renewable energy resources, and reducing overall demand through energy conservation measures. It can also involve entering into international agreements to underpin international energy trading relationships, such as the Energy Charter Treaty in Europe. Fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal and petroleum (fuel oil or natural gas), formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants and animals[1] by exposure to heat and pressure in the Earths crust over hundreds of millions of years[2]. The theory that hydrocarbons were formed from these...
World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
The Energy Charter Treaty is an international agreement originally based on integrating the energy sectors of the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe at the end of the Cold War into the broader European and world markets. ...
The impact of the 1973 oil crisis and the emergence of the OPEC cartel was a particular milestone that prompted some countries to increase their energy security. Japan, almost totally dependent on imported oil, steadily introduced the use of natural gas, nuclear power, high-speed mass transit systems, and implemented energy conservation measures,[3] It has become one of the world leaders in the use of renewable energy.[4] The United Kingdom began exploiting North Sea oil and gas reserves, and became a net exporter of energy into the 2000s. The 1973 oil crisis began in earnest on October 17, 1973, when the members of Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) announced, as a result of the ongoing Yom Kippur War, that they would no longer ship petroleum...
OPEC Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel[1][2] made up of Iraq, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Angola, Algeria, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. ...
A cartel is a group of formally independent producers whose goal is to increase their collective profits by means of price fixing, limiting supply, or other restrictive practices. ...
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ...
A nuclear power station. ...
In the United States of America, transit describes local area common carrier passenger transportation configured to provide scheduled service on fixed routes on a non-reservation basis. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ...
// North Sea Oil Platforms North Sea oil refers to oil and natural gas (hydrocarbons) produced from oil reservoirs beneath the North Sea. ...
The 2000s are the current decade, spanning from 2000 to 2009. ...
In other countries energy security has historically been a lower priority. The United States, for example, has continued to increase its dependency on imported oil[3] although, following the oil price increases of 2004-2006, the development of biofuels has been suggested as a means of addressing this.[5] This article or section contains speculation and may try to argue its points. ...
Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass _ recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. ...
Increasing energy security is also one of the reasons behind plans for an oil phase-out in Sweden, together with a block on the development of natural gas imports. Greater investment in native renewable energy technologies and energy conservation is envisaged instead. India is carrying out a major hunt for domestic oil to decrease its dependency on OPEC, while Iceland is well advanced in its plans to become energy-independent by 2050 through deploying 100% renewable energy. Crude oil prices, 1994-2007 (not adjusted for inflation) In 2005 the Swedish government announced their intention to become the first country to break their dependence on oil and other ‘fossil raw materials’ by 2020. ...
OPEC Logo The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is an international cartel[1][2] made up of Iraq, Indonesia, Iran, Kuwait, Libya, Angola, Algeria, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela. ...
Short term security
Petroleum Many countries hold strategic petroleum reserves as a buffer against the economic and political impacts of an energy crisis. All 26 members of the International Energy Agency hold a minimum of 90 days of their oil imports , for example.[6][7] Strategic petroleum reserves (SPR) refer to crude oil reserves held by the government of a particular country for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis. ...
Gross domestic product in 2005 Economy refers to the human activities related with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and services. ...
This article is about energy crises in general. ...
The International Energy Agency (IEA, or AIE in Romance languages) is a Paris-based intergovernmental organization founded by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the oil crisis. ...
The value of such reserves was demonstrated by the relative lack of disruption caused by the 2007 Russia-Belarus energy dispute, when Russia indirectly cut exports to several countries in the European Union. Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...
Druzhba pipeline goes from Russia through Belarus to other European countries The Russia-Belarus energy dispute began when Russian state-owned gas supplier Gazprom demanded an increase in gas prices paid by Belarus. ...
Natural gas Compared to petroleum, reliance on imported natural gas creates significant short term vulnerabilities. Many European countries saw an immediate drop in supply when Russian gas supplies were halted during the Russia-Ukraine gas dispute in 2006. Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Lubbock, Texas Ignacy Åukasiewicz - inventor of the refining of kerosene from crude oil. ...
Natural gas is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane but including significant quantities of ethane, butane, propane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen sulfide. ...
Wikinews has news related to: Russia cuts off gas supplies to Ukraine The dispute between Russian state-owned gas supplier Gazprom and Ukraine over natural gas prices started in March of 2005 (over the price of natural gas and prices for the transition of Gazproms gas to Europe). ...
For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...
See also Image File history File links Crystal_128_energy. ...
The following articles relate to the price of energy: Energy crisis Petroleum pricing Hubbert peak theory (peak oil) Energy economics Electricity market Categories: | ...
There is as yet no consensus as to what an energy superpower is exactly, or how to define it apart from other large resource-producing states. ...
Security measures taken to protect the Houses of Parliament in London, England. ...
For the military term see: Military reserve A strategic reserve is a term used to describe a reserve of a commodity or items, held back from normal use by governments, organisations or business in pursuance of a particular strategy or to cope with unexpected events. ...
Strategic petroleum reserves (SPR) refer to crude oil reserves held by the government of a particular country for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis. ...
// Established in 2003, the Energy and Environmental Security Initiative (EESI) is an interdisciplinary Research & Policy Institute located at the University of Colorado Law School. ...
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