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Energy storage is the storing of some form of energy that can be drawn upon at a later time to perform some useful operation. All forms of energy are either potential energy or kinetic energy. A wind up clock stores potential energy in the spring, a battery stores electrical energy to keep a clock chip in a computer running even when the computer is turned off, and a hydroelectric dam stores power in a reservoir. Even food is a form of energy storage. {{Portal|Energy}Potential energy is the energy available within a physical system due to an objects position in conjunction with a conservative force which acts upon it (such as the gravitational force or Coulomb force). ...
The kinetic energy of an object is the extra energy which it possesses due to its motion. ...
The NASA Columbia Supercomputer. ...
Hydroelectricity is the worlds leading renewable energy source. ...
Transmission lines in Lund, Sweden Electric company redirects here. ...
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History
Energy storage as a natural process is billions of years old - the energy produced in the initial creation of the Universe has been stored in stars such as our Sun, and is now being used by humans directly (e.g. through solar cells) or indirectly (e.g. by growing crops). Energy storage systems in commercial use today can be broadly categorized into the following forms: mechanical, electrical, chemical, biological, thermal and nuclear. The Universe is defined as the summation of all particles and energy that exist and the space-time in which all events occur. ...
The Sun (Latin: Sol) is the star at the center of the Solar System. ...
Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ...
As a purposeful activity, energy storage has certainly existed since pre-history, though it was often not recognized as such. An example of mechanical storage would be the use of logs or boulders as defensive measures in ancient forts - the logs or boulders would be collected at the top of a hill, and the energy thus stored would be released as a defense against invaders.
A more recent application was the control of waterways to power water mills for processing grain or powering machinery. Often complex systems of reservoirs and dams were constructed to store and release water (and the potential energy it contained) when required.
Energy storage became a major factor in economic development, however, with the widespread introduction of electricity and refined chemical fuels, such as gasoline, kerosine and natural gas in the late 1800's. Unlike the other common energy carriers used at the time, such as wood or coal, electricity had to be used as it was generated. Electricity must be transmitted in a closed circuit and for practical purposes cannot be stored as electrical energy. This meant that changes in demand were difficult to cater for without either cutting supplies at times, or having expensive excess capacity. Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
An early solution to the problem of storing electricity was the development of the battery, an electrochemical conversion device of limited use in electric power systems due to its small capacity and relatively high cost. A similar solution with the same type of problems is the capacitor. Symbols representing a single Cell (top) and Battery (bottom), used in circuit diagrams. ...
Capacitors: SMD ceramic at top left; SMD tantalum at bottom left; through-hole tantalum at top right; through-hole electrolytic at bottom right. ...
Refined chemical fuels have become the dominant form of energy storage, both in the electrical generating sector and the transportation sector. Refined chemical fuels in common use are processed coal, gasoline, diesel fuel, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG or propane), ethanol, biodiesel and hydrogen. All of these chemical energy carriers are readily converted to mechanical energy and then to electrical energy with heat engines that are used to power electical generators. Heat engine powered generators are ubiquitous and range in size from small automobile alternators that produce a few kilowatts to utility-scale generators with ratings up to 800 megawatts.
Electrochemical devices called fuel cells were also invented at the same time as the battery. However, for many reasons, fuel cells were not developed until the advent of manned spaceflight (the Gemini Program) when lightweight, efficient sources of electricity were required to keep astronauts alive in a very demanding environment. Many types of fuel cells are now being commercialized to allow the efficient conversion of chemical energy stored in refined hydrocarbon or hydrogen fuels directly into electricity.
At this time, liquid hydrocarbon fuels are the dominant forms of energy storage for the transportation sector. Unfortunately liquid hydrocarbon fuels emit greenhouse gases when combusted in heat engines to power cars, trucks, trains, ships and aircraft. Carbon-free energy carriers, such as hydrogen, or carbon-neutral energy carriers, such as some forms of ethanol or biodiesel, are aggressively being sought in response to concerns about greenhouse gas emissions from the production, distribution and use of energy.
Some areas of the world (Washington and Oregon in the USA, and Wales in the United Kingdom are examples) have used geographic features to store large quantities of water in reservoirs at the top of hills, using excess electricity at times of low demand to pump water into the reservoirs, then letting the water fall through generators to retrieve the energy when demand peaks. Official language(s) English Capital Olympia Largest city Seattle Area Ranked 18th - Total 71,342 sq mi (184,827 km²) - Width 240 miles (385 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 6. ...
Official language(s) (none)[1] Capital Salem Largest city Portland Area Ranked 9th - Total 98,466 sq mi (255,026 km²) - Width 260 miles (420 km) - Length 360 miles (580 km) - % water 2. ...
This article is about the country. ...
A number of other technologies have been investigated, such as flywheels or compressed air storage in underground caverns, but to date no widely available solution to the challenge of mass energy storage has been commercialized.
Grid energy storage -
The upper reservoir (Llyn Stwlan) and dam of the Ffestiniog Pumped Storage Scheme in north Wales. The lower power station has four water turbines which generate 360 MW of electricity within 60 seconds of the need arising. The size of the dam can be judged from the car parked below. Grid energy storage lets energy producers send excess electricity over the electricity transmission grid to temporary electricity storage sites that become energy producers when electricity demand is greater. Grid energy storage is particularly important in matching supply and demand over a 24 hour period of time. Ffestiniog pumped storage power station upper reservoir Grid energy storage lets energy producers send excess electricity over the electricity transmission grid to temporary electricity storage sites that become energy producers when electricity demand is greater. ...
Image File history File links Stwlan. ...
Image File history File links Stwlan. ...
Itaipu Dam is a hydroelectric generating station Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
Power line redirects here. ...
Storage methods - Electrochemical
- Electrical
- Mechanical
- Thermal
Symbols representing a single Cell (top) and Battery (bottom), used in circuit diagrams. ...
A Flow Battery is a form of secondary battery in which the electrolytes are not confined to within the power cell its self. ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ...
Capacitors: SMD ceramic at top left; SMD tantalum at bottom left; through-hole tantalum at top right; through-hole electrolytic at bottom right. ...
A supercapacitor or an ultracapacitor is an electrochemical capacitor that has an unusually large amount of energy storage capability relative to its size when compared to common capacitors. ...
Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) uses superconductivity - the ability of certain materials to conduct electricity without resistance - to store electrical energy. ...
Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) refers to the compression of air during periods of low energy demand, for use in meeting periods of higher demand. ...
NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. ...
A hydraulic accumulator is an energy storage device. ...
Diagram of the TVA pumped storage facility at Racoon Mountain Pumped storage hydroelectricity is a method of storing and producing electricity to supply high peak demands. ...
Helical or coil springs designed for tension A spring is a flexible elastic object used to store mechanical energy. ...
Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ...
Molten salt may refer to: Molten salt battery, a class of primary cell and secondary cell high temperature electric battery that use molten salts as an electrolyte Molten salt reactor, a type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a molten salt Solar thermal energy power plants that use...
A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ...
A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ...
A Solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
A Steam accumulator is an insulated steel drum containing hot water and steam under pressure. ...
Preserved Porter Locomotive Company No. ...
Hydrogen There is a widely held misconception that hydrogen is an alternative energy source. Hydrogen is a chemical energy carrier, just like gasoline, ethanol or natural gas. The unique characteristic of hydrogen is that it is the only carbon-free or zero-emission chemical energy carrier. Hydrogen is a widely used industrial chemical that can be produced from any primary energy source. Most of the world's production is by the thermal reformation of natural gas (methane) into hydrogen that is used immediately to refine petroleum into gasoline, diesel fuel and other petrochemicals. The carbon dioxide produced by the reforming process is either captured and processed into liquid carbon dioxide or vented to the atmosphere. General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ...
Hydrogen can be used to fuel all types of internal and external combustion heat engines, including ubiqitous, highly reliable and inexpensive reciprocating engines and turbines. In addition to being a zero-emission fuel, hydrogen fueled heat engines can be optimized by the manufacturer to operate at much higher thermal efficiencies than heat engines powered with traditional hydrocarbon fuels. Although engineers have demonstrated the superior performance and environmental benefits of hydrogen fueled piston engines, engine manufacturers do not mass produce hydrogen engines for consumer markets.
Pure hydrogen can also be used to power electrochemical engines, such as the much publicized proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. Hydrogen powered fuel cells hold the promise of being even more efficient in electrical output than hydrogen fueled heat engines and much more efficient and cleaner than hydrocarbon fuel heat engines. Massive investments have been made by several companies to develop reliable, inexpensive PEM fuel cells. However, these devices are not mass produced and the limited quantities available for purchase are hand made and much more expensive than conventional heat engines.
Just like gasoline, diesel fuel, ethanol or biodiesel, there are no uncombined hydrogen reserves on Earth that could be tapped directly to provide energy. Just like any other hydrocarbon fuel, hydrogen must be manufactured from a primary energy source, like natural gas, crude oil, coal, biomass, solar energy or uranium. Uncombined hydrogen can be produced from any and all of these primary energy sources. Hydrogen is the only chemical energy carrier that can be produced from any primary energy source, including renewable energy sources, and converted into useful work without producing pollution. Because hydrogen is produced and distributed in such huge quantities, the technology needed to build infrastructure to serve wholesale and retail energy markets is proven, reliable and commercially available.
The environmental and efficiency benefits of hydrogen fuels are not yet fully recognized by energy markets. hydrogen is the only chemical energy carrier that has the potential to be produced, distributed and used without discharging carbon to the atmosphere. When the cost of greenhouse gas pollution is fully incorporated into the market price of traditional hydrocarbon fuels, then hydrogen fuels will begin to play an important role in development of highly efficient, distributed energy systems that supply clean, efficient power for our homes, businesses and vehicles.
Biofuels Various biofuels such as biodiesel, straight vegetable oil, alcohol fuels, or biomass can be broken down into transportation fuel. Various chemical processes can convert the carbon and hydrogen in coal, natural gas, plant and animal biomass, and organic wastes into short hydrocarbons suitable as transportation fuels. Examples of such fuels are Fischer-Tropsch diesel, methanol, dimethyl ether, or syngas. Such diesel was used extensively in World War II by the Germans, who had limited access to crude oil supplies. Today South Africa produces most of country's diesel from coal.[1] A long term oil price above 35 USD may make such liquid fuels economical on a large scale (See coal). Some of the energy in the original source will be lost in the conversion process. Historically coal itself has been used directly for transportation purposes in vehicles and boats using steam engines. Compressed natural gas can itself be used as a transportation fuel. Biofuel is any fuel that derives from biomass _ recently living organisms or their metabolic byproducts, such as manure from cows. ...
In some countries, filling stations sell biodiesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ...
Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) is a fuel for diesel engines that can be either pure new vegetable oil or waste vegetable oil that has been cleaned, although this is normally referred to as WVO. Vegetable oil used as fuel in a compression ignition or diesel engine is also referred to...
Gasoline on the left, alcohol on the right at a filling station in Brazil Rising energy prices and global warming have led to increased interest in alternative fuels. ...
Fuel imports in 2005 Fuel is any material that is capable of releasing energy when its chemical or physical structure is altered. ...
See biomass (ecology) for the use of the term in ecology, where it refers to the cumulation of living matter Switchgrass, a tough plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ...
Fischer-Tropsch Process for Synthetic Diesel Fuel The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and methane are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. ...
Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naptha or wood spirits, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a distinctive odor that is somewhat milder and sweeter than ethanol (ethyl alcohol). ...
Dimethyl ether, also known as methoxymethane, oxybismethane, methyl ether, wood ether, and DME, is a colorless gaseous ether with an ethereal odor. ...
It has been suggested that Town gas be merged into this article or section. ...
Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...
A steam engine is a heat engine that makes use of the thermal energy that exists in steam, converting it to mechanical work. ...
Typical North America vehicles carry this diamond shape symbol, meaning it is running on compressed natural gas fuel. ...
Synthetic hydrocarbon fuel Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be converted into hydrocarbon fuel with the help of energy from another source. The energy can come from sunlight using future artificial photosynthesis technology.[2][3] Another alternative for the energy is electricity or heat from solar energy or nuclear power.[4][5] Compared to hydrogen, many hydrocarbons fuels have the advantage of reusing existing engine technology and existing fuel distribution infrastructure. Manufacturing synthetic hydrocarbon fuel reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere until the fuel is burned, when the same amount of carbon dioxide returns to the atmosphere. In order to meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article requires cleanup. ...
Artificial photosynthesis is a research field that attempts to replicate the natural process of photosynthesis, converting sunlight, water and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen. ...
Boron, silicon, and zinc Boron,[6] silicon,[7] and zinc[8] have been proposed as energy storage solutions. General Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p Appearance black/brown Standard atomic weight 10. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p Appearance as coarse powder, dark grey with bluish tinge Standard atomic weight 28. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ...
Mechanical storage Energy can be stored as water pumped to a higher elevation, compressed air, and spinning flywheels, but mechanical methods of storing energy have limited capacity or efficiency. Several companies are proposing vehicles using compressed air for power.[9][10] NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. ...
Compressed air is used to refer to: Pneumatics, the use of pressurized gases to do work, as used in the Air car Breathing gas, often used in scuba diving, also to inflate buoyancy devices Compressed air can also be used for cooling using a vortex tube. ...
Intermittent power Many renewable energy systems produce intermittent power. Other generators on the grid can be throttled to match varying production from renewable sources, but most of this throttling capacity is already committed to handling variations in load. Further development of intermittent renewable power will require some combination of grid energy storage, demand response, and spot pricing. Intermittent energy sources may be limited to at most 20-30% of the electricity produced for the grid without such measures. If electricity distribution loss and costs are managed, then intermittent power production from many different sources would increase the overall reliability of the grid. Ffestiniog pumped storage power station upper reservoir Grid energy storage lets energy producers send excess electricity over the electricity transmission grid to temporary electricity storage sites that become energy producers when electricity demand is greater. ...
Explanation of demand response effects on a quantity (Q) - price (P) graph. ...
The spot price of a commodity or a security or a currency is the price that is quoted for settlement (payment and delivery) of the transaction immediately. ...
Renewables that are not intermittent include hydroelectric power, geothermal power, tidal power, Energy tower, ocean thermal energy conversion, high altitude airborne wind turbines, biofuel, and solar power satellites. Solar photovoltaics, although technically intermittent, produces electricity during peak periods, and hence does reduce the need for peak power plants. Demand response programs, which send market pricing signals to consumers, can be a very effective way of managing variations in electricity production; for example, hydrogen production can increase when excess electricity is being produced, and conversely, hot water heaters can be automatically set to a lower temperature when production is lower. Sharav Sluice Energy Tower An energy tower is a method for producing electrical power for consumer consumption, the brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, which has been expanded upon by Professor Dan Zaslavsky. ...
For articles on specific fuels used in vehicles, see Biogas, Bioethanol, Biobutanol, Biodiesel, and Straight vegetable oil. ...
An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ...
Peak power is the maximum level of work or energy output that is measured during an observation period. ...
See also Image File history File links Portal. ...
Ffestiniog pumped storage power station upper reservoir Grid energy storage lets energy producers send excess electricity over the electricity transmission grid to temporary electricity storage sites that become energy producers when electricity demand is greater. ...
Energy portal This is a list of energy topics which identifies articles and categories that relate to energy in general. ...
Energy density is the amount of energy stored in a given system or region of space per unit volume or per unit mass, depending on the context. ...
Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ...
Power transmission is the movement of energy from its place of generation to a location where it is applied to performing useful work. ...
External links | Sustainability and Energy development | | Future | 2000 Watt society · Hubbert peak · Peak oil | | Transportation | Air car · Alternative fuel · Alternative propulsion · Battery electric vehicle · Bicycle · Bioalcohol · Biodiesel · Bioethanol · Biogas · Biomass to liquid · Bus rapid transit · Ecodriving · Electric power-assist system · Electric vehicle · Hybrid electric vehicle · Hydrogen station · Hydrogen vehicle · Low-energy vehicle · Plug-in hybrid · Production battery electric vehicle · Public transport · Pyrolysis · Trolleybus · TWIKE · utility cycling · Vegetable oil used as fuel | | Energy Conversion | Electricity generation · Distributed generation · Microgeneration · Sustainable community energy system · Environmental concerns with electricity generation
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Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
By the mid 20th century humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the surface of the Earth for the first time and explore space. ...
For the song by 311, see Grassroots Applied science is the exact science of applying knowledge from one or more natural scientific fields to practical problems. ...
Garry Kasparov playing against Deep Blue, the first machine to win a chess game against a reigning world champion. ...
Ceramic engineering is the technology of manufacturing and usage of ceramic materials. ...
A processors core Computing is a very broad topic that has become pandemic to modern uses of technology. ...
Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. ...
Engineering physics (EP) is an academic degree, usually at the level of Bachelor of Science. ...
Environmental technology or green technology is the application of the environmental sciences to conserve the natural environment and resources, and by curbing the negative impacts of human involvement. ...
The Materials Science Tetrahedron, which often also includes Characterization at the center Materials science is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. ...
Microtechnology is technology with features near one micrometre (one millionth of a metre, or 10-6 metre, or 1μm). ...
Buckminsterfullerene C60, also known as the buckyball, is the simplest of the carbon structures known as fullerenes. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Optical engineering is the field of study which focuses on applications of optics. ...
The ASCII codes for the word Wikipedia represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information. ...
Communication is a process that allows beings - in particular humans - to exchange information by several methods. ...
Communication is a process that allows beings - in particular humans - to exchange information by several methods. ...
This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...
Music Technology is a term that refers to all forms of technology involved with the musical arts, in particular the use of electronic devices and computer software to facilitate playback, recording, composition, storage, performance, search and retrieval. ...
Speech recognition (in many contexts also known as automatic speech recognition, computer speech recognition or erroneously as Voice Recognition) is the process of converting a speech signal to a sequence of words, by means of an algorithm implemented as a computer program. ...
Visual technology is the engineering discipline dealing with visual representation. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Computational finance (also known as financial engineering) is a cross-disciplinary field which relies on mathematical finance, numerical methods and computer simulations to make trading, hedging and investment decisions, as well as facilitating the risk management of those decisions. ...
Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, making by hand) is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale. ...
Wind turbines The scientific definition of a machine is any device that transmits or modifies energy. ...
Chuquicamata, the second largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ...
The Massive Ordnance Air Blast (MOAB) bomb produced in the United States. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Boxes of ammunition clog a warehouse in Baghdad Ammunition is a generic military term meaning (the assembly of) a projectile and its propellant. ...
This article lists military technology items, devices and methods. ...
Marine Engineers are the officers of a ship which operate and maintain the propulsion and electrical generation systems onboard a ship. ...
Look up home in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A major appliance is a large machine which accomplishes some routine housekeeping task, which includes purposes such as cooking, food preservation, or cleaning, whether in a household, institutional, commercial or industrial setting. ...
Domestic technology is the incorporation of applied science into the home. ...
Educational technology is the use of technology in education to improve learning and teaching. ...
The food technology room at Marling School in Stroud, Gloucestershire. ...
Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ...
Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering that concerns aircraft, spacecraft, and related topics. ...
An architectural engineer applies the skills of many engineering disciplines to the design, construction, operation, maintenance, and renovation of buildings while paying attention to their impacts on the surrounding environment. ...
Biological engineering (also biosystems engineering and bioengineering) is a broad-based engineering discipline that deals with bio-molecular and molecular processes, product design, sustainability and analysis of biological systems. ...
Unser Nachbar hat ein neues Auto. ...
The AbioCor artificial heart, an example of a biomedical engineering application of mechanical engineering with biocompatible materials for Cardiothoracic Surgery using an artificial organ. ...
Ceramic engineering is the technology of manufacturing and usage of ceramic materials. ...
Chemical engineering is the branch of engineering that deals with the application of physical science (e. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Computer engineering (also called electronic and computer engineering) is a discipline that combines elements of both electrical engineering and computer science. ...
Construction engineering concerns the planning and management of the construction of structures such as highways, bridges, airports, railroads, buildings, dams, and reservoirs. ...
Cryogenics is a branch of physics (or engineering) that studies the production of very low temperatures (below –150 °C, –238 °F or 123 K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. ...
Electrical Engineers design power systems… … and complex electronic circuits. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Environmental engineering[1][2] is the application of science and engineering principles to improve the environment (air, water, and/or land resources), to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to remediate polluted sites. ...
Materials engineering is a discipline related to materials science which focusses on materials design, processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc. ...
Mechanical engineering is an engineering discipline that involves the application of principles of physics for analysis, design, manufacturing, and maintenance of mechanical systems. ...
Mechatronics is the synergistic combination of mechanical engineering (mecha for mechanisms, i. ...
Metallurgical engineering- Designing, creating, or producing metals by various methods, for various applications, from metallic elements described on the Chemical Periodic Table of the Elements. ...
Mining Engineering is a field that involves many of the other engineering disciplines as applied to extracting and processing minerals from a naturally occurring environment. ...
Steamer New York in c. ...
Nuclear engineering is the practical application of the atomic nucleus gleaned from principles of nuclear physics and the interaction and maintenance of nuclear fission systems and components, specifically, nuclear reactors, nuclear power plants and/or nuclear weapons. ...
Petroleum Engineering is involved in the exploration and production activities of petroleum as an upstream end of the energy sector. ...
Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. ...
Taipei 101, the worlds tallest building as of 2004. ...
Systems engineering techniques are used in complex projects: from spacecrafts to chip design, from robotics to creating large software products to building bridges, Systems engineering uses a host of tools that include modeling & simulation, requirements analysis, and scheduling to manage complexity Systems Engineering (SE) is an interdisciplinary approach and means...
This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
Tissue engineering is the use of a combination of cells, engineering or tissue-matrix materials, and suitable biochemical factors to improve or replace biological functions. ...
Warning signs, such as this one, can improve safety awareness. ...
The AbioCor artificial heart, an example of a biomedical engineering application of mechanical engineering with biocompatible materials for Cardiothoracic Surgery using an artificial organ. ...
Map of the human X chromosome (from the NCBI website). ...
The structure of insulin Biological technology is technology based on biology, especially when used in agriculture, food science, and medicine. ...
Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics and chemical informatics) is the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry. ...
Fire protection is the prevention and reduction of the hazards associated with fires. ...
Health Sciences are the group of disciplines of applied science dealing with human and animal health. ...
Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmakon (φάÏμακον) meaning drug, and lego (λÎγω) to tell (about)) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ...
Safety engineering is an applied science strongly related to systems engineering. ...
Sanitary engineering is the application of scientific or mathematical principles with to the field of sanitation, especially in regards to its affect on public health. ...
Look up aerospace in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering that concerns aircraft, spacecraft, and related topics. ...
The Engine room of Argonaute, a French supply vessel. ...
Space technology is a term that is often treated as a category. ...
Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
It has been suggested that future energy development be merged into this article or section. ...
Future energy development, providing for the worlds future energy needs, currently faces great challenges. ...
The 2000 Watt society is a vision, originated by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology at the end of the 1998, in which each person in the developed world would cut their energy use to an average of no more than 2,000 Watts by the year 2050, without lowering...
It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Peak oil and Hubbert peak theory, accessible from a disambiguation page. ...
As first expressed in Hubbert peak theory, Peak Oil is the point or timeframe at which the maximum global petroleum production rate is reached. ...
For other uses, see Air car (disambiguation). ...
The definition of Alternative Fuel varies according to the context of its usage. ...
Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ...
The Toyota RAV4 EV was powered by twenty-four 12 volt batteries, with an operational cost equivalent of over 165 miles per gallon at 2005 US gasoline prices. ...
“Velo†redirects here. ...
Bioalcohol is alcohol obtained from biological sources, not from petroleum. ...
In some countries, filling stations sell biodiesel more cheaply than conventional diesel. ...
The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
Biogas-bus in Bern, Switzerland Biogas typically refers to a (biofuel) gas produced by the anaerobic digestion or fermentation of organic matter including manure, sewage sludge, municipal solid waste, biodegradable waste or any other biodegradable feedstock, under anaerobic conditions. ...
Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs. ...
Busways redirects here. ...
Ecodriving is a term used in Europe to name initiative which support energy efficient use of vehicles. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Power-assisted cycle. ...
A streetcar drawing current from a single overhead wire, returning current through the rails and ground An electric locomotive, taking power through a pantograph An electric vehicle, or EV, is a vehicle with one or more electric motors for propulsion. ...
A Toyota Prius, one example of a hybrid electric vehicle. ...
A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. ...
Sequel, a fuel cell-powered vehicle from General Motors A Hydrogen vehicle is a vehicle, such as an automobile, aircraft, or any other kind of vehicle that uses hydrogen as its primary source of power for locomotion. ...
A low-energy vehicle is any type of vehicle that uses less energy than a regular vehicle. ...
Hybrids Plus PHEV Toyota Prius conversion with PHEV-30 (30 mile all-electric range) battery packs A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a hybrid vehicle with batteries that can be recharged by connecting a plug to an electrical power source. ...
// Production battery electric vehicles (BEVs) like the GM EV1 and Chevrolet S10 EV, Chrysler TEVan, Honda EV Plus, Ford Ranger EV, Nissan Altra, Toyota RAV4 EV, and Solectria Force have been made available to the consumer market in very limited quantities and locations. ...
Skytrain Bangkok. ...
Simple sketch of pyrolysis chemistry Pyrolysis usually means the chemical decomposition of organic materials by heating in the absence of oxygen or any other reagents, except possibly steam. ...
A Polish Solaris trolleybus in Landskrona, Sweden. ...
The Twike (TWin bIKE) is a Light Electric Vehicle (LEV) with hybrid human power as an option. ...
Ugandan bicycle taxi or bodaboda Cargo-bicycle and Trike for rent Bremen. ...
Waste Vegetable Oil which has been filtered. ...
In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ...
Electricity generation is the first process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. ...
Distributed generation is a new trend in the generation of heat and electrical power. ...
It has been suggested that Wind turbines (UK domestic) be merged into this article or section. ...
A sustainable community energy system is an integrated approach to supplying a local community with its energy requirements from renewable energy or high-efficiency co-generation energy sources. ...
Modern technology uses large amounts of electrical power. ...
In thermodynamics, biological thermodynamics (Greek: bios = life and logikos = reason + Greek: thermos = heat and dynamics = power) or bioenergetics[1] is the study of energy transformation in the biological sciences. ...
Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. ...
See biomass (ecology) for the use of the term in ecology, where it refers to the cumulation of living matter Switchgrass, a tough plant used in the biofuel industry in the United States Rice chaff. ...
Mechanical biological treatment (MBT), or mechanical biological pre-treatment is a category of waste treatment technologies that enables recovery of the resources contained in waste. ...
In chemistry, a chemical bond is the force which holds together atoms in molecules or crystals. ...
Blue energy is the energy retrieved from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water with the use of osmosis or reverse electro dialysis (RED) with ion specific membranes. ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ...
Hydrogen production is done in bulk today from hydrocarbon fossil fuels via a chemical path. ...
Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power is the use of geothermal heat to generate electricity. ...
Deep lake water cooling uses cold water pumped from the bottom of a lake as a heat sink for climate control systems. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Hydroelectricity is the worlds leading renewable energy source. ...
Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity is a type of hydroelectric generation whereby the natural flow and elevation drop of a river are used to generate electricity. ...
Tidal power, sometimes called tidal energy, is a form of hydropower that exploits the rise and fall in sea levels due to the tides, or the movement of water caused by the tidal flow. ...
Kaplan turbine and electrical generator cut-away view. ...
Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). ...
For fusion power, see Fusion power. ...
An Inertial fusion power plant is intended to industrially produce electric power by use of inertial confinement fusion techniques. ...
The deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion reaction is considered the most promising for producing fusion power. ...
Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ...
// A radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is a simple electrical generator which obtains its power from radioactive decay. ...
Solar power describes a number of methods of harnessing energy from the light of the sun. ...
Active solar is a term which refers to the use of solar energy to actively convert the energy in sunlight into other forms. ...
The Barra system, developed by Horazio Barra in Italy, is a passive solar building technology. ...
Central solar heating is the provision of central heating and hot water from solar energy by a system in which the water is heated centrally by arrays of solar thermal collectors (central solar heating plants - CSHPs) and distributed through district heating pipe networks (or block heating systems in the case...
Sharav Sluice Energy Tower An energy tower is a method for producing electrical power for consumer consumption, the brainchild of Dr. Phillip Carlson, which has been expanded upon by Professor Dan Zaslavsky. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
Solar panels are used in passive and active solar hot water systems Passive solar technologies convert sunlight into usable heat, cause air-movement for ventilation or cooling, or store heat for future use, without the assistance of other energy sources. ...
Passive solar building design involves the modeling, selection and use of appropriate passive solar technologies to maintain the building environment at a desired temperature range (usually based around human thermal comfort) throughout the suns daily and annual cycles. ...
Photovoltaic tree in Styria, Austria Photovoltaics, or PV for short, is a solar power technology that uses solar cells or solar photovoltaic arrays to convert light from the sun directly into electricity. ...
A photovoltaic module is composed of individual PV cells. ...
A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ...
A solar combisystem is a solar heating system that provides both space heating and hot water from a common array of solar thermal collectors, normally linked to an auxiliary non-solar heat source. ...
A solar heater A laundromat in California with solar hot water panels on the roof. ...
A Solar pond is large-scale solar energy collector with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. ...
An artists depiction of a solar satellite, which could send energy wirelessly to a space vessel or planetary surface. ...
The solar power tower at Solar Two in California The solar power tower (also known as Central Tower power plants or Heliostat power plants or power towers) is a type of solar furnace using a tower to receive the focused sunlight. ...
Photovoltaic solar panels on a house roof. ...
Solar Shingles (or Photovoltaic Shingles) are a new type of solar energy system that, at first glance, look like regular asphalt shingles but are actually photovoltaic cells (PV). ...
A Solar thermal collector absorbs sunlight to provide heat. ...
Solar thermal energy is a technology for harnessing solar power for practical applications from solar heating to electrical power generation. ...
A backyard installation of passive single–axis trackers, DC rated at 2340 watts. ...
Schematic of a Solar updraft tower This article is about a type of power plant. ...
Passive solar design using an unvented trombe wall and summer shading A Trombe wall is a sun-facing wall built from material that can act as a thermal mass (such as stone, concrete, adobe or water tanks), combined with an air space, insulated glazing and vents to form a large...
Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) in its strictest sense refers to any waste treatment that creates energy in the form of electricity or heat from a waste source that would have been disposed of in landfill, also called energy recovery. ...
Worldwide installed capacity and prediction 1997-2010, Source: WWEA Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into more useful forms, usually electricity, using wind turbines. ...
A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines in the same location. ...
Horizontal-axis wind turbine, the Enercon model E-66 wind energy converter, in Germany. ...
Storage · Flywheel energy storage · Grid energy storage · Hydrogen storage · Seasonal thermal store · Thermal energy storage
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Appropriate technology · Air engine · Autonomous building · Cob (building) · Composting toilet · Cool roof · Earth sheltering · Energy-efficient landscaping · Green roof · Hypermodernity · Low energy building · Passive house · Rammed earth · Sheet composting · Solar chimney · Straw-bale construction · Superinsulation · Technological singularity · Windcatcher
Sustainable agriculture · Food security · Forest gardening · Humanure · List of companion plants · List of repellent plants · Seed ball · Vermicompost · Zero energy building
Sustainable design · Environmental design · Sustainable architecture · Sustainable landscape architecture
Sustainable econonomics · Development economics · Green economics · Green Gross Domestic Product · Hydrogen economy · Liquid nitrogen economy · Low-carbon economy · Triple bottom line
Sustainable industries · Agroforestry · Ecoforestry · Exploitation of natural resources · Green building · Green chemistry · Green computing · Industrial Ecology · Natural building · Sustainable energy · Sustainable forest management · Sustainable procurement · Sustainable transport
NASA G2 flywheel Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) works by accelerating a rotor (flywheel) to a very high speed and maintaining the energy in the system as rotational energy. ...
Ffestiniog pumped storage power station upper reservoir Grid energy storage lets energy producers send excess electricity over the electricity transmission grid to temporary electricity storage sites that become energy producers when electricity demand is greater. ...
Hydrogen storage is the main technological problem of a viable hydrogen economy. ...
A seasonal thermal store (also known as a seasonal heat store or inter-seasonal thermal store) is a store designed to retain heat deposited during the hot summer months for use during colder winter weather. ...
Thermal energy storage can refer to a number of technologies that store energy in a thermal reservoir for later reuse. ...
Sustainability is an attempt to provide the best outcomes for the human and natural environments both now and into the indefinite future. ...
Humankind benefits from a multitude of resources and processes that are supplied by natural ecosystems. ...
Ecovillages are intended to be socially, economically and ecologically sustainable intentional communities. ...
For the physical concepts, see conservation of energy and energy efficiency. ...
Energy demand management is also known as demand side management (DSM). ...
Green Map of Cambridge, Massachusetts Green Maps are environmentally themed maps which are usually created as a grassroots effort with a symbol set licensed from the non-profit Green Map System. ...
Infrastructural capital refers to any physical means of production or means of protection beyond that which can be gathered or found directly in nature, i. ...
Permaculture Mandala summarising the ethics and principles of permaculture design. ...
World renewable energy in 2005 (except 2004 data for items marked* or **). Enlarge image to read exclusions. ...
Autonomy is the condition of something that does not depend on anything else. ...
Simple living (or voluntary simplicity) is a lifestyle individuals may pursue for a variety of motivations, such as spirituality, health, or ecology. ...
Sustainable development is defined as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. ...
Sustainable living might best be defined as a lifestyle that could, hypothetically, be sustained unmodified for many generations without exhausting any natural resources. ...
The Natural Step is a systematic definition of sustainability developed by Swedish scientist, Karl-Henrik Robèrt. ...
The ton of oil equivalent (TOE) is a unit for measuring energy. ...
In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ...
World power usage in terawatts (TW), 1980-2004. ...
Zoning in Permaculture design refers to a method of ensuring that elements are correctly placed. ...
Appropriate technology is technology that is appropriate to the environmental, cultural and economic situation it is intended for. ...
The air engine is an emission-free piston engine using compressed air. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Off-the-grid. ...
Cob building dated 1539 in Devon, England. ...
Composting toilets use biological processes to deal with the disposal and processing of human excrement into organic compost material. ...
The albedo of several types of roofs Cool roofs are an effective alternative to bulk attic insulation under roofs in humid tropical and subtropical climates. ...
Earth covered farm houses in Keldur, Iceland. ...
Energy-efficient landscaping is a type of landscaping designed for the purpose of conserving energy. ...
Re-creation of Viking houses in Labrador Several grass roofs can be seen in the village of Bøur in the Faroe Islands. ...
Hypermodernity is a type, mode, or stage of society that reflects a deepening or intensification of modernity. ...
A low-energy-house is any type of house that uses less energy than a regular house. ...
One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt, Germany One of the original Passive Houses at Darmstadt The term passive house (Passivhaus in German) refers to the rigorous, voluntary, Passivhaus standard for energy use in buildings. ...
Rammed earth walls form part of the entrance building for the Eden Project in Cornwall, England. ...
Sheet composting is the process of composting organic matter directly onto the soil as a mulch and letting it decay there, rather than in a heap. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solar Tower. ...
Further detailed information formerly in this article was moved to Wikibooks in May 2006 Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses straw bales as structural elements, insulation, or both. ...
Superinsulation is an approach to building design, construction and retrofitting. ...
When plotted on a logarithmic graph, 15 separate lists of paradigm shifts for key events in human history show an exponential trend. ...
A windcatcher (Badgir; بادگیر) is a traditional Persian architectural device used for many centuries to create natural ventilation in buildings. ...
It has been suggested that Small-scale agriculture be merged into this article or section. ...
Subsistence farmers with a Treadle Pump. ...
Forest gardening (also known as 3-Dimensional Gardening) is a food production and land management system based on replicating woodland ecosystems, substituting trees (such as fruit or nut trees), bushes, shrubs, herbs and vegetables which have yields directly useful to mankind. ...
Humanure is a neologism designating human waste (feces and urine) that is recycled via composting for agricultural or other purposes. ...
This is a list of companion plant relationships. ...
This is a list of repellent plants. ...
Ancient technique re-introduced by Masanobu Fukuoka. ...
Vermicompost (also called worm compost, vermicast, worm castings, worm humus or worm manure) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by some species of earthworm. ...
Similar or related terms: Near zero energy building, Zero energy house, Near zero energy house A zero energy building (ZEB) can be described as structure with a net energy consumption of zero over a typical year. ...
It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ...
Environmental design is the process of addressing environmental parameters when devising plans, programs, policies, buildings, or products. ...
Sustainable architecture applies techniques of sustainable design to architecture. ...
Sustainable landscape architecture is a category of sustainable design concerned with the planning and design of outdoor space. ...
Ecological economics is a transdisciplinary field of academic research that addresses the dynamic and spatial interdependence between human economies and natural ecosystems. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
Green economics is an approach to economics in which the economy is considered to be a component of, and dependent upon, the natural world within which it resides and of which is it considered a part. ...
Green Gross Domestic Product (Green GDP) is an index of economic growth with the environmental consequences of that growth factored in. ...
A hydrogen economy is a hypothetical economy in which energy is stored and transported as hydrogen (H2). ...
A liquid nitrogen (LN2) economy is a hypothetical proposal for a future economy in which the primary form of energy storage and transport is liquid nitrogen. ...
A low-carbon economy is an economy in which carbon dioxide emissions from the use of carbon based fuels (coal, oil and gas) are significantly reduced. ...
The triple bottom line, a. ...
The earliest mention of the phrase sustainable industries appeared in 1990 in a story about a Japanese group reforesting a tropical forest to help create sustainable industries for the local populace. ...
Parkland in Burkina Faso: Sorghum grown under Faidherbia albida and Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso Agroforestry combines agriculture and forestry technologies to create more integrated, diverse, productive, profitable, healthy and sustainable land-use systems. ...
Ecoforestry is forestry that emphasizes holistic practices which strive to protect and restore ecosystems1 instead of traditional forestry that maximizes economic productivity. ...
Timber Exploitation of natural resources is an essential condition of the human existence. ...
Green building is the practice of increasing the efficiency of buildings and their use of energy, water, and materials, and reducing building impacts on human health and the environment, through better siting, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and removal — the complete building life cycle. ...
Green chemistry is a chemical philosophy encouraging the design of products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use and generation of hazardous substances. ...
Green Computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. ...
Industrial ecology is the shifting of industrial process from open loop systems, in which resource and capital investments move through the system to become waste, to a closed loop system where wastes become inputs for new processes. ...
Natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. ...
This article is about a concept related to renewable energy, of which sustainable energy is a superset. ...
Sustainable forest management (SFM) is the management of forests according to the principles of sustainable development. ...
Sustainable procurement is a spending and investment process typically associated with public policy, although it is equally applicable to the private sector. ...
Girl on a bicycle in a car free area in Frankfurt Sustainable transport is a phrase which was coined in the late 20th century to describe all forms of transport which minimise emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. ...
Sustainable waste · Living machines · Mycoremediation
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