Energy Transformation in Energy Systems Language

In physics and engineering, poop Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Energy Systems Language was developed by H.T.Odum and colleagues for depicting the flows of energy through ecological systems. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... Engineering is the discipline of acquiring and applying knowledge of design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ...

 transformation or energy conversion, is any process of transforming one form of energy to another. Energy of fossil fuels, solar radiation, or nuclear fuels can be converted into other energy forms such as electrical, propulsive, or heating that are more useful to us. Often, machines are used to transform energy. The efficiency of a machine characterizes how well (how efficiently) it can produce a useful output (such as work for example) through such a conversion. Energy transformations are important in the application of the energy concept in various natural sciences including biology, chemistry, geology and cosmology. 

Energy may be transformed so that it may be used by other natural processes or machines, or else to provide some service to society (such as heat, light, or motion). For example, an internal combustion engine converts the potential chemical energy in gasoline and oxygen into the propulsive energy that moves a vehicle. A solar cell converts solar radiation into electrical energy that can then be used to light a bulb or power a computer. The generic name for a device which converts energy from one form to another is transducer. This article is about devices that perform tasks. ... Look up work in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The term natural science as the way in which different fields of study are defined is determined as much by historical convention as by the present day meaning of the words. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... It is proposed that this article be deleted. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The phenomona of stars, nova, supernova, quasars and gamma ray bursts are the universes highest-output energy transformations of matter. ... A colorized automobile engine The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... This article is about transducers in engineering. ...

Example: heat engines

The steam engine illustrates the energy conversion process. In a steam engine, burning coal heats water (the working fluid), which expands as a gas (steam) and moves a piston. The steam is then cooled in a radiator and once again brought near the hot coals in a cycle that keeps the steam engine moving. The steam engine uses the temperature difference between the hot coal and the radiator to move the piston. The operation of the steam engine is described from an energy perspective by the machine cycles of thermodynamics, from the fluid flow perspective by fluid mechanics, and from the heat flow perspective by the science of heat transfer. // The term steam engine may also refer to an entire railroad steam locomotive. ... Thermodynamics (from the Greek θερμη, therme, meaning heat and δυναμις, dynamis, meaning power) is a branch of physics that studies the effects of changes in temperature, pressure, and volume on physical systems at the macroscopic scale by analyzing the collective motion of their particles using statistics. ... This box:      Fluid mechanics is the study of how fluids move and the forces on them. ... In thermal physics, heat transfer is the passage of thermal energy from a hot to a colder body. ...

In a steam turbine, steam is used to turn the blades of the turbine, which may then be used to turn a generator to produce electricity. This process also requires that the steam be cooled at some point in the process, because this cooling causes the pressure drop in one part of the system which causes the steam to move from one place to another, which causes the blades of the turbine to turn. A Siemens steam turbine with the case opened. ...

In a nuclear power plant, atoms of fissionable material such as uranium and other radioactive substances are split into fast-moving ions, and these products produce intense heat after they strike and are stopped by the materials of the fuel rods and reactor cooling fluid. This heat is then used to generate steam from water, which in turn is used very conventionally in a steam turbine to produce electricity. A nuclear power station. ...

Conversion of one form of energy to another may be done with very high or even perfect efficiency, unless the energy begins in the form of heat. The conversion of heat into other forms of energy is never perfect, and (according to the second law of thermodynamics) must always be accompanied by an increase in entropy, which is usually (though not always) accomplished simply by the further dissipation of a fraction of the heat into a colder bodies, still remaining as heat. The second law of thermodynamics is an expression of the universal law of increasing entropy. ... For other uses, see: information entropy (in information theory) and entropy (disambiguation). ...

There are a few processes in which heat is converted entirely into work or other forms of energy, and in these, the device actually grows colder as it operates. Examples are a container of gas expanding, or a concentration cell chemical cell which works by allowing a chemical to diffuse and decrease in concentration. Such processes, however, are never reversible, as they require that the gas remain in expansion (expanded into space) and the chemical remain diffused into space. In this way, entropy considerations of the second law of thermodynamics are fulfilled without having to retain a part of the heat to accomplish it. Such processes can never therefore be full engines because they cannot operate in a cycle to return to their former state. Fully reversible engines which return concentrations of matter to their initial states in the conversion of heat to other types of energy, must end by dumping a fraction of the heat into a cold reservoir. Some of the heat energy that powers a steam engine or turbine, for example, must therefore always be "lost" as unconverted heat, which must be dissipated at a lower temperature to fulfil entropy concerns, without being turned into any useful work. Specific examples: A Concentration Cell is an electrochemical cell that has two equivalent half-cells of of the same material differing only in concentrations. ...

• A human muscle's chemical energy converts to mechanical energy when moving. This can appear as kinetic energy when it appears as motion, or as potential energy when a weight is lifed against gravity or other force.
• The sun's electromagnetic radiation energy transforms one set of chemicals to another, during a plants' photosynthesis.

name:saher ghamloush

Other energy conversion machines

There are many different machines that convert one energy form into another:

• Fuel cells
• Geothermal power
• Heat engines, such as the internal combustion engine used in cars or the steam engine
• Hydroelectric dams
• Nuclear reactor
• Ocean thermal power
• Solar cells
• Solar thermal
• Thermophotovoltaics
• Steam engine
• Wave power
• Windmills
• Piezoelectrics

A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ... Krafla Geothermal Station in northeast Iceland Geothermal power (from the Greek words geo, meaning earth, and therme, meaning heat) is energy generated by heat stored beneath the Earths surface or the collection of absorbed heat in the atmosphere and oceans. ... A heat engine is a physical or theoretical device that converts thermal energy to mechanical output. ... A colorized automobile engine The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer (typically air) occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ... // The term steam engine may also refer to an entire railroad steam locomotive. ... Hydroelectric dam diagram The waters of Llyn Stwlan, the upper reservoir of the Ffestiniog Pumped-Storage Scheme in north Wales, can just be glimpsed on the right. ... Core of a small nuclear reactor used for research. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... The major applications of solar thermal energy at present are heating swimming pools, heating water for domestic use, and space heating of buildings. ... Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion is a direct conversion process from heat differentials to electricity via photons. ... // The term steam engine may also refer to an entire railroad steam locomotive. ... Wave power refers to the energy of ocean surface waves and the capture of that energy to do useful work - including electricity generation, desalination, and the pumping of water (into reservoirs). ... An example of a wind turbine. ... A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical signal. ...

See also

• Electric power conversion
• Energy development
• Energy economics,
• Energy storage,
• Renewable energy
• Exergy
• Energy quality
• Thermal science