Note: the description "Engelbert I of Berg" can refer either to Count Engelbert I of Berg or to his son, Count Engelbert II of Berg, if referred to by his ecclesiastical office, when the form "Engelbert I of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne" sometimes occurs besides the more usual "Engelbert I of Cologne". Count Engelbert I of Berg (d July 1189 in Serbia) ruled the County of Berg from 1160 to 1189. ...

Count Engelbert II of Berg; also known as Engelbert I, Archbishop of Cologne: Engelbert I of Berg, Archbishop of Cologne: or Engelbert of Cologne; and as Saint Engelbert (b 1185 or 1186 in Burg an der Wupper; d 7 November 1225 near Gevelsberg). ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events April 25 - Genpei War - Naval battle of Dan-no-ura leads to Minamoto victory in Japan Templars settle in London and begin the building of New Temple Church End of the Heian Period and beginning of the Kamakura period in Japan. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Jump to: navigation, search November 7 is the 311st day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... Gevelsberg is a North Rhine-Westphalian (German) municipality in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr. ...

Early Life

Engelbert was born in 1185 or 1186, younger son of Count Engelbert I of Berg (d 1189) and his wife Margarete of Guelders at Schloss Burg, Burg an der Wupper. He was educated at the Cathedral School in Cologne. From 1198 (at the age of 12 or 13) he held the office of Provost of St George in Cologne and from 1199 to 1216 he also held the office of cathedral provost at Cologne Cathedral. He further acquired at various times a number of other provostships: in St Severin in Cologne, Aachen, Deventer and Zutphen. Although in 1203 he was elected Bishop of Münster he declined, because of his age. Jump to: navigation, search Events April 25 - Genpei War - Naval battle of Dan-no-ura leads to Minamoto victory in Japan Templars settle in London and begin the building of New Temple Church End of the Heian Period and beginning of the Kamakura period in Japan. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events John the Chanter becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Count Engelbert I of Berg (d July 1189 in Serbia) ruled the County of Berg from 1160 to 1189. ... Events January 21 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade September 3- Richard I of England is crowned as king of England. ... For the present province also called Guelders in English, see Gelderland. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Toba of Japan Emperor Tsuchimikado ascends to the throne of Japan January 8 - Pope Innocent III ascends Papal Throne Frederick II, infant son of German King Henry VI, crowned King of Sicily Births August 24 - Alexander II of Scotland (d. ... Provost (through O. Fr. ... Jump to: navigation, search Cologne skyline at night with river Rhine in the foreground and famous Cologne Cathedral on the right. ... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... Events Prince Louis of France, the future King Louis VIII, invades England in the First Barons War Henry III becomes King of England. ... The rear of the cathedral, viewed from across the Rhine Cologne Cathedral (German: Kölner Dom) is one of the best-known architectural monuments in Germany and has been Colognes most famous landmark for centuries. ... Jump to: navigation, search Map of Germany showing Aachen Aachen (French Aix-la-Chapelle, Dutch Aken, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany... Deventer is a municipality and a city in the eastern Netherlands in the province of Overijssel on the east bank of the IJssel river. ... Jump to: navigation, search Zutphen (old alternate spelling: Zutfen) is a municipality and a town in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands on the right bank of the IJssel at the influx of the Berkel, and a junction station 29 km by rail N.N.E. of Arnhem. ... Events April 16 - Philip II of France enters Rouen, leading to the eventual unification of Normandy and France. ... Jump to: navigation, search Location - Münster in Germany Town Hall at Prinzipalmarkt Münster: Prinzipalmarkt Münster is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ...

In 1206, on account of his support for his cousin Adolf I of Altena, Archbishop of Cologne in the interests of Philip of Swabia against Otto of Brunswick, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, but on his submission in 1208 he was pardoned. In 1212, as an act of penance for his earlier rebellion, he took part in the Albigensian Crusade. He gave his allegiance to the future Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor after the Battle of Bouvines in 1214. Events Temujin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire Qutb ud-Din proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ... Adolf of Altena, Adolf of Berg or Adolf of Cologne, (b c 1157; d 15 April 1220 in Neuss) was Archbishop of Cologne from 1193 to 1205. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Philip of Swabia depicted in a medieval manuscript (about 1200) Philip of Swabia (1177-1208), German king and duke of Swabia, the rival of the emperor Otto IV, was the fifth and youngest son of the emperor Frederick I and Beatrix, daughter of Renaud III, count of Burgundy, and consequently... Innocent III, né Lotario de Conti ( 1161–June 16, 1216), was Pope from January 8, 1198 until his death. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events Philip of Swabia King of Germany and rival Holy Roman Emperor to Otto IV, assassinated June 21 in Bamberg by German Count Otto of Wittelsbach because Philip had refused to give him his daughter in marriage. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events The first Great Fire of London burns most of the city to the ground Battle of Navas de Tolosa Childrens crusade Crusaders push the Muslims out of northern Spain In Japan, Kamo no Chōmei writes the Hōjōki, one of the great... The Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229) was a brutal, 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church, to eliminate the religion practiced by the Cathars of Languedoc, which the Roman Catholic hierarchy considered heretical. ... Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right). ... Jump to: navigation, search The Battle of Bouvines, July 27, 1214, was the first great international conflict of alliances among national forces in Europe. ... Jump to: navigation, search Events Simon Apulia becomes Bishop of Exeter. ...

Archbishop of Cologne and after

Engelbert was elected Archbishop of Cologne as Engelbert I on 29 February 1216 and was consecrated on 24 September 1217, in which office he remained until his violent death. Jump to: navigation, search February 29 is the 60th day of a leap year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 306 days remaining. ... Events Prince Louis of France, the future King Louis VIII, invades England in the First Barons War Henry III becomes King of England. ... Jump to: navigation, search September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years). ... Events April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ...

Engelbert came to enjoy the trust of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, becoming imperial administrator (Reichsprovisor) in 1220 and guardian of the Emperor's son Henry (Henry (VII) of Germany), whom he crowned in Aachen in 1222 as King of the Romans at the age of 12. The archbishop remained the king's tutor and guardian until his death. The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... See: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (1194-1250, king 1211/12-1250, emperor since 1220) Frederick II of Austria (?-1246, duke of Austria 1230-1246) Frederick II of Sicily (1272-1337) - who called himself Frederick III - see the article for details. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 - 1220 - 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also: 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols... Jump to: navigation, search Guardian may refer to: A legal guardian, a person responsible for a ward. ... This article refers to the King of the Romans Henry (VII) of the House of Hohenstaufen. ... Jump to: navigation, search Map of Germany showing Aachen Aachen (French Aix-la-Chapelle, Dutch Aken, Latin Aquisgranum, Ripuarian Oche) is a spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 See also: 1222 state leaders Events Foundation of the University of Padua Completion of the Cistercian convent in Alcobaca... Jump to: navigation, search The title King of the Romans (Latin: Rex Romanorum) — not to be confused with the early, partially mythical Kings of Rome — was carried by Holy Roman Emperors after they had been confirmed as Emperor, but before they had undergone the ceremony of coronation by the Pope. ...

It is not clear to what extent Engelbert was personally involved with the important treaty Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis ("Treaty with the ecclesiastical princes"), which Frederick signed 26 April 1220, although as Administrator of the German Kingdom (Gubernator Regni Teutonici) he must have had at least some input. Clearly, however, in the increased powers it gave to all ecclesiastical princes it was of benefit also to the archbishops of Cologne, and the establishment and development of the new powers was part of Engelbert's archiepiscopal strategy. The Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis (Alliance with the Princes of the Church) of 26 April 1220 counts as one of the most important sources of law of the Holy Roman Empire on German territory. ... Jump to: navigation, search April 26 is the 116th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (117th in leap years). ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 - 1220 - 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also: 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols...

When Engelbert succeeded, the rights and territories of the archdiocese were in bad order, following a long period of civil unrest in Germany. He engaged himself at once in a series of campaigns and strategies to win them back and safeguard them, principally against the Dukes of Limburg and their allies the Dukes of Cleves. Engelbert in turn set up alliances with Brabant and Namur. The Duchy of Limburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries, located between the river Meuse and the city of Aachen. ... Map of Germany showing Cleves Cleves (in German Kleve, sometimes used in English as well; Dutch: Kleef) is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, near the Dutch border and the river Rhine, at 51°47′ N 6°11′ E. Population: 49,398 (2002), Area... Jump to: navigation, search Historically, Brabant has been the name of several administrative entities in the Low Countries with quite different geographical extent: as Carolingian shire (pagus Bracbatensis), located between the rivers Scheldt and Dijle (between 9th-11th century); as landgraviat: the part of the shire between the rivers Dender... Namur is the name of a city in Belgium, capital of Wallonia, as well as a province and a diocese named after it. ...

He had also to defend his personal inheritance against the Limburgers. In 1218 his brother Count Adolf III. von Berg died without male issue. Duke Walram III. of Limburg considered himself entitled to inherit the County of Berg, as his son Heinrich (later Duke Heinrich IV of Limburg) was married to Irmgard von Berg, Count Adolf's only daughter. According to the law of the time, however, Engelbert was the heir of his brother and father. He won the dispute in two feuds. In 1220 a peace was concluded and Limburg's claim settled by the payment of a year's revenues. Jump to: navigation, search // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 - 1220 - 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also: 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols...

Engelbert granted municipal rights to many places, including Wipperfürth, Attendorn, Brilon, Siegen, Werl and Herford; Vianden, Hamm, Neuerburg and Manderscheid. ---Sidenote START--- Wipperfürth is a Northrhine-Westfalian municipality in the Oberbergischer Kreis, about 40 km north-east of Cologne, and the eldest town in the Bergischen Land. ... Brilon is a town of medium size in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, that belongs to the Hochsauerlandkreis. ... Siegen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Werl is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Map of Germany showing Herford Herford is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... Vianden, view from the castle Castle of Vianden Vianden (Luxemburgish: Veianen) is a small city in north-eastern Luxembourg with approx. ... Map of Germany showing Hamm Hamm is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. ... The welfare-climatic health resort and Kneippkurort one-the-separate with 1328 inhabitants (conditions: May 2004) on 10,06 km² lies in the Eifel in the district Bernkastel Wittlich and is seat of the convention community one-the-separates. ...

During the whole of his career as archbishop, Engelbert continued to fight for the re-establishment and security of the Archdiocese of Cologne both as an ecclesiastical authority and also as a secular territory. (It was said of him that despite his personal piety he was more of a monarch than a churchman). Not only did he constantly battle, by all means necessary, for the secular well-being of the lands of the archdiocese, of which he may be counted the de facto founder as a significant state; he also took energetic measures for the effective regulation of the City of Cologne itself; and he was a zealous champion of the religious throughout his archdiocese.

Death

Engelbert earned the respect and love of his subjects through his devotion to justice and his energy in maintaining law, and took great pains to ensure the well-being of the religious within his authority. However, his effectiveness in achieving his goals by all means necessary, including military action, his allegiance to the pope and the emperor, and his uncompromising defence of the law and the rights of religious persons and bodies, brought him into conflict with the nobility, including his own family, and this led to his death.

His cousin Count Frederick of Isenberg (also sometimes referred to as of "Isenburg") was lay administrator of a convent in Essen, and was abusing his position by defrauding the nuns. Engelbert was determined to protect their interests, and sought to bring Frederick to justice. On 7 November 1225 as they returned together from Soest, where they had attended a judicial hearing, to Cologne in a defile near the present-day Gevelsberg near Schwelm, he was killed, possibly murdered, by Frederick. Count Frederick of Isenberg (Friedrich von Isenberg) (b 1193; executed 14 November 1226 in Cologne) was the younger son of Count Arnold of Altena (d 1209). ... Isenburg was a German region in southern Hesse, Germany, located in territories north and south of Frankfurt. ... [Essen], german for Meal [essen], german for eat Essen is the name of the following places: Essen, Germany, one of the major cities of the Ruhr area Essen, Belgium Essen, Netherlands, a village in the province of Groningen German: to eat, eating, food This is a disambiguation page — a navigational... Jump to: navigation, search November 7 is the 311st day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... Soest is the name of two localities, one in the Netherlands and one in Germany: Soest, Netherlands Soest, Germany and the district around Soest, Germany is also called Soest: Soest (district) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Gevelsberg is a North Rhine-Westphalian (German) municipality in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr. ... Schwelm is a municipality in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany in the district of Ennepe-Ruhr. ...

It seems probable that behind the attack, which may have been intended to take Engelbert captive rather than kill him, was a whole group of disaffected nobility, in whose view the archbishop represented a major threat to their interests.

Engelbert's body was taken to Cologne on a dung-cart, and when examined, found to have forty-seven wounds.

Veneration

Engelbert's body was buried in Cologne Cathedral on 24 February 1226 on the order of the Cardinal Konrad von Urach, the papal legate, who declared him a martyr (because he had died in defence of nuns). He is venerated by many as a saint. His successor as archbishop, Heinrich von Müllenark, commissioned the monk Caesarius von Heisterbach to compose a biography, presumably in preparation for canonisation. The biography was duly written but for some reason the canonisation never took place. His remains are preserved today in a baroque shrine prepared on the authority of Archbishop Ferdinand von Bayern, who in 1618 also ordered the celebration of his feast on 7 November. Jump to: navigation, search February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Carmelite Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II calls Imperial Diet of Cremona Births Deaths October 3 Saint Francis of Assisi founder of the Franciscan Order and patron Saint of animals and the environment Canonized by Pope Gregory IX in 1228 November 8 King Louis VIII of France... Jump to: navigation, search The word cardinal comes from the Latin cardo for hinge and usually refers to things of fundamental importance, as in cardinal rule or cardinal sins. ... Jump to: navigation, search A Papal Legate -from the Latin, authentic Roman title Legatus- is a personal representative of the Pope to the nations, or rather to some part of the universal church. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Caesar of Heisterbach, also known as Caesarius of Heisterbach ca. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Events March 8 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion (he soon rejects the idea after some initial calculations were made but on May 15 confirms the discovery). ... Jump to: navigation, search November 7 is the 311st day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ...

Literature

• Altenberger Blätter, Ausgabe 30, Ausführliche Artikel zum Mord an Engelbert 1225 (in German)

External links

This article is in part based on a translation of the article in the German Wikipedia - see link above

(in German)

• Biographie at genealogie-mittelalter.de
• 07. November 1225 from the Exhibition NRW 2000

(in English)

• Engelbert of Cologne in the Catholic Forum Patron Saints Index

This article incorporates text from the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain. The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 - 1220 - 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 See also: 1220 state leaders The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. ... ... Jump to: navigation, search // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... Events Births Thomas Aquinas, Christian philosopher and theologian (d. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Catholic Encyclopedia is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 under the auspices of the Catholic University of America, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11, 1905... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...