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Canberra English Electric Canberra Mk.20 Download high resolution version (951x464, 36 KB)English Electric Canberra - my own photo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Type Bomber aircraft Manufacturer English Electric Maiden flight 13 May 1949 Introduced May 1951 Retired 23 June 2006 (RAF) Primary users Royal Air Force Argentine Air Force Indian Air Force Royal Australian Air Force Number built 1,352 Variants B-57 Canberra The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet-powered light bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s. It proved to be highly adaptable, serving in such varied roles for tactical bombing, photographic, electronics, and meteorological reconnaissance. The Canberra remained in service with the Royal Air Force until 23 June 2006, 57 years after its first flight. A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ... An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing, building, testing, selling, and maintaining aircraft, aircraft parts, missiles, rockets, and/or spacecraft. ... English Electric logo English Electric was a 20th-century British industrial manufacturer, initially of electric motors, and expanding to include railway locomotives and aviation, before becoming part of GEC. // 1917: Dick, Kerr & Co. ... The Maiden flight of an aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... RAF redirects here. ... The Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the armed forces of Argentina. ... The Indian Air Force is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... The Martin B-57 Canberra was a twin-engine jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft which entered service in the 1950s. ... A light bomber is a military bomber aircraft which, when compared to other bombers, is relatively small and fast; such aircraft will probably not carry more than one ton of ordnance. ... A tactical bomber is a relatively small aircraft used in the battle zone to attack troops and military equipment for tactical bombing. ... Lens and mounting of a large format camera Photography is the technique of recording and generating permanent images, by the capturing and preservation of physical stimulus-patterns on a layer of photosensitive material. ... Surface mount electronic components Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures and vacuum tubes. ... Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. ... Mixed reconnaissance patrol of the Polish Home Army and the Soviet Red Army during Operation Tempest, 1944 Reconnaissance is the military term for the active gathering of information about an enemy, or other conditions, by physical observation. ... RAF redirects here. ... is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Contents 1 Design and development 1.1 Basic design 1.2 Prototypes and first flights 1.3 Other manufacturers 2 Operational history 2.1 Closure 2.2 Flight records set by Canberras 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Specifications (Canberra B.Mk.6) 5.1 General characteristics 5.2 Performance 5.3 Armament 6 See also 7 References 7.1 Notes 7.2 Bibliography 8 External links [edit] Design and development The Canberra had its origins in 1944 as a replacement for the unarmed high speed, high altitude de Havilland Mosquito bomber. Several British aircraft manufacturers submitted proposals. Among the companies shortlisted to proceed with development studies was English Electric, a well-established industrial manufacturer with very little aircraft experience. A desperate need for bombers arose during the early years of World War II, when English Electric began to build the Hampden under licence. The de Havilland Mosquito[1] was a British combat aircraft that excelled in a number of roles during the Second World War. ... English Electric logo English Electric was a 20th-century British industrial manufacturer, initially of electric motors, and expanding to include railway locomotives and aviation, before becoming part of GEC. // 1917: Dick, Kerr & Co. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The Handley Page HP.52 Hampden was a twin-engine medium bomber of the Royal Air Force that was one of the main front-line bombers at the start of World War II. Along with the Whitley and Wellington bombers, the Hampden bore the brunt of the early bombing war... The new English Electric design team was headed by former Westland chief designer W. E. W. Petter. The aircraft was named Canberra after the capital of Australia by Sir George Nelson, chairman of English Electric, because Australia was the first export customer for the aircraft. [1] In May 1945 a contract was signed, but with the post-war military reductions, the prototype did not fly until May 1949. It was a simple design, looking like a scaled-up Gloster Meteor with a shoulder wing. The fuselage was circular in cross section, tapered at both ends and, cockpit aside, entirely without protrusions; the line of the large, low aspect ratio wings was broken only by the tubular engine nacelles. Westland Aircraft was a British aircraft manufacturer located in Yeovil in Somerset, formed just before the start of World War II. During the war the company produced a number of generally unsuccessful designs, but their Lysander would serve as an important liaison aircraft with the RAF. After the war the... William Edward Willoughby Petter (1908-1968) known as Teddy was an English aircraft designer. ... For other uses, see Canberra (disambiguation). ... The Gloster Meteor was the first British jet fighter and the Allies first operational jet. ... Canberra PR.9 taking off. Although jet-powered and of all-metal construction, the Canberra design philosophy was very much in the Mosquito mould, i.e. provide room for a substantial bomb load, fit two of the most powerful engines available, and wrap it in the smallest, most aerodynamic package possible. Rather than devote space and weight to defensive armament — which historically could not overcome purpose-designed fighter aircraft — the Canberra was designed to fly fast and high enough to avoid air-to-air combat entirely. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2136x1283, 154 KB) English Electric Canberra PR.9 (identifier XH135) taking off from the Royal International Air Tattoo, RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire, England. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2136x1283, 154 KB) English Electric Canberra PR.9 (identifier XH135) taking off from the Royal International Air Tattoo, RAF Fairford, Gloucestershire, England. ... An A-10 Thunderbolt II, F-86 Sabre, P-38 Lightning and P-51 Mustang fly in formation during an air show at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. ... [edit] Basic design The Canberra is an all-metal aircraft. The fuselage is of semi-monocoque construction with a pressurized nose compartment. Each crew member has a Martin-Baker ejection seat, except for the B(I)8 and export versions of the B(I)8, where the navigator has to rely on a conventional escape hatch and parachute. The fuselage contains two bomb bays with conventional clamshell doors (a rotating door was implemented on the Martin-built B-57 Canberra). The wing is of single-spar construction with the spar passing through the fuselage. Outside of the engine nacelles, the wing has a leading edge sweep of 4° and trailing edge sweep of -14°. Controls are conventional with ailerons, four-section flaps, and airbrakes on top and bottom surfaces of the wings. Monocoque (French for single shell) is a construction technique that uses the external skin of an object to support some or most of the load on the structure. ... Martin-Baker Aircraft is a manufacturer of aircraft seats and is the oldest existing maker of ejector seats. ... The Martin B-57 Canberra was a twin-engine jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft which entered service in the 1950s. ... In airplanes, the nacelle is a covered housing separated from the main structure that usually holds engines, fuel, or equipment. ... For the band with a similar name, see The Ailerons Ailerons are hinged control surfaces attached to the trailing edge of the wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. ... In aeronautics air brakes are a type of flight control used on aircraft to reduce speed during landing. ... It is designed for a crew of two, under a fighter-style canopy, but delays in the development of the intended automatic radar bombsight resulted in the addition of a bomb aimer's position in the nose. Wingspan and length were almost identical at just under 20 metres, maximum takeoff weight a little under 25 tonnes. Thrust was provided by a pair of 30 kN axial flow Rolls-Royce Avon turbojets. The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... [edit] Prototypes and first flights In the autumn of 1945, Air Ministry specification B.3/45 requested production of four prototypes. Although construction began in early 1946, the first aircraft flew only on 13 May 1949. In the interim, the Air Ministry had already ordered 132 production aircraft in bomber, reconnaissance, and training variants. The prototype proved vice-free and required only a few modifications. A new glazed nose had to be fitted to accommodate a bombardier because the advanced bombing avionics were not ready for production, the engines were upgraded to more powerful Avon R.A.3s, and the distinctive teardrop-shaped fuel tanks were fitted under the wingtips. This is a partial list of the British Air Ministry specifications for aircraft. ... is the 133rd day of the year (134th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The resultant Canberra B.2 first flew on 21 April 1950, and entered squadron service with Royal Air Force (RAF) 101 Sqn in May 1951. In a testament to the aircraft's benign handling characteristics, the transition program consisted of only 20 hours in the Gloster Meteor and three hours in the dual-control Canberra trainer. With a maximum speed of 470 kt (871 km/h), a standard service ceiling of 48,000 ft (14,600 m), and the ability to carry a 3.6 tonne payload, the Canberra was an instant success. It was built in 27 versions which equipped 35 RAF squadrons, and were exported to Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, Peru, Rhodesia, South Africa, Sweden, Venezuela and West Germany. is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... RAF redirects here. ... No. ... The Gloster Meteor was the first British jet fighter and the Allies first operational jet. ... This article is about the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... [edit] Other manufacturers Martin EB-57B In the United States where the US Air Force needed to replace the B-26 Invader, 406 Canberras were manufactured under licence by Martin as the B-57 Canberra in several versions. While these were initially almost exactly the same as the English Electric pattern aircraft, later models had a series of substantial modifications. In Australia, the Government Aircraft Factory (GAF) built 48 for the Royal Australian Air Force, broadly similar to the British B.2 but with a modified leading edge, increased fuel capacity and room for three starter cartridges (although in practice, all three cartridges would sometimes fire, leading to the triple starter units being loaded singly.[2] Seal of the Air Force. ... First flying in 1942, the Douglas A-26 Invader (after 1948, the B-26, and after 1966, the A-26A) was a twin-engined light attack bomber aircraft built during World War II and seeing service in both the Korean and Vietnam wars. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The Martin B-57 Canberra was a twin-engine jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft which entered service in the 1950s. ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... The Coffman engine starter was a device used mostly in early piston propeller aircraft for starting the engine(s) from inside the cockpit. ... In the United Kingdom, the demand for Canberras exceeded English Electric's ability to supply airframes, and so Handley Page and Short Brothers manufactured them under licence.[3] Total worldwide Canberra production was 1,352. The Handley Page Aircraft Company was founded by Frederick Handley Page in 1909. ... Short Brothers plc is a British aerospace company, abbreviated Shorts and is now based in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Founded in 1908, Shorts was the first true aviation company in the world, and was a manufacturer of flying boats during the 1920s and 1930s and throughout the Second World War. ... [edit] Operational history A GAF Canberra photographed at Avalon (near Melbourne) in early 2003. The Temora Aviation Museum's Canberra photographed at Nowra Air Show 6 May 2007. RAF photo-reconnaissance Canberra PR.9; the pilot is standing by the plane's nose below the offset "fighter" style canopy. Canberras remained in front-line service with major air forces throughout the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s, and continued to serve as bombers and reconnaissance aircraft with minor air forces through the 1980s and 1990s. In the UK, the PR9 variant remained in service with 39 (1PRU) Squadron until July 2006 for tactical reconnaissance and photographic mapping, seeing service in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and, as recently as June 2006, in Afghanistan. The only Canberras remaining in active service are two American-built B-57s operated by NASA for high altitude research. English Electric Canberra - front view, my own photo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... English Electric Canberra - front view, my own photo File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Government Aircraft Factory (GAF) was an aircraft manufacturer owned by the Government of Australia based at Fishermans Bend, a suburb of Melbourne in Victoria. ... Avalon is a locality in the State of Australia. ... This article is about the Australian city; the name may also refer to City of Melbourne or Melbourne city centre (also known as The CBD). ... Nowra shops (Junction Street) Marriot Park Nowra is a city in the South Coast region of New South Wales. ... RAF photo-reconnaissance Canberra XH168 photographed at the Classic Jet Air Show, Kemble, England, in June 2003. ... RAF photo-reconnaissance Canberra XH168 photographed at the Classic Jet Air Show, Kemble, England, in June 2003. ... No. ... This article is about the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ... The Martin B-57 Canberra was a twin-engine jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft which entered service in the 1950s. ... For other uses, see NASA (disambiguation). ... The Canberra played a part in many conflicts, being employed as a bomber by the RAF during the Suez Crisis; by the UK, New Zealand, and Australia in the Malayan Emergency; by the United States and Australia in Vietnam; by Ethiopia against Eritrea and then Somalia during the 1970s; by both Rhodesia and South Africa in their respective Bush Wars and by Argentina in the Falklands War. Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Hakim Amer Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA[1... Combatants United Kingdom Australia New Zealand British colonies Federation of Malaya Rhodesia Fiji various British East African colonies Malayan Communist Party Malayan Races Liberation Army Commanders Harold Briggs Henry Gurney † Gerald Templer Henry Wells Chin Peng Strength 250,000 Malayan Home Guard troops 40,000 regular Commonwealth personnel 37,000... This article is about the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... Combatants Rhodesia ZANLA ZIPRA Government of Botswana Government of Tanzania Government of Zambia Mozambican Liberation Front [1] Commanders Ian Smith P. K. van der Byl Peter Walls ZANU: Robert Mugabe ZAPU: Joshua Nkomo Casualties unknown unknown Civilians killed = Around 30,000 The Rhodesian Bush War —­ as it was known at... Belligerents Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties and losses 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner... The Canberra was the backbone of the Indian Air Force for bombing raids and photo reconnaissance. It was first used in 1962 by the IAF as part of the UN campaign against the breakaway Katanga republic in Africa. During the Indo-Pakistani Wars of the 1960s and 1970s, the Canberra was used by both sides. The most audacious use of the bomber was in the "Raid on Badin" during the Second Kashmir War, when the Indian Air Force sent in the Canberra to bomb a vital Pakistani radar post in West Pakistan. The raid was a complete failure and hardly damaged the radars in Badin.[4][verification needed] In the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 they flew a very important sortie hitting the Karachi oil tanks, helping the Indian Navy to carry out their missile boat attacks.[5] On 21 May 1999, prior to the commencement of the Kargil War, the Air HQ of the Indian Air Force assigned a Canberra PR57 aircraft on a photographic mission near the LOC (Line of Control), where it took a severe blow from a FIM-92 Stinger infrared homing missile on the starboard engine and with only one operational engine left it still managed to return to base. The Canberras were finally retired by the IAF after 50 years of service on 11 May 2007.[6] The Indian Air Force is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... Capital Lubumbashi Created June 1960 Dissolved January 1963 Demonym Katangan Currency Katanga franc Katanga is the southern province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, regional capital Lubumbashi (formerly Elizabethville). ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Since both nations achieved independence in August 1947, there have been three major wars and one minor war between India and Pakistan. ... The 1965 war between India and Pakistan, also known as the Second Kashmir War, was the culmination of a series of skirmishes that occurred between April 1965 and September 1965. ... The Indian Air Force is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... West Pakistan was the popular and sometimes official (1955–1970) name of the western wing of Pakistan until 1971, when the eastern wing (East Pakistan) became independent as Bangladesh. ... Belligerents India Pakistan Commanders Sam Manekshaw J.S. Aurora G.G Bewoor K. P. Candeth Gul Hassan Khan Abdul Hamid Khan Tikka Khan A. A. K. Niazi # Strength 500,000+ troops 100,000 Mukti BahiniRebels 400,000+ troops Casualties and losses 3,843 killed[1] 9,851 wounded[1] Unknown... Sortie is a term for deployment of one military aircraft or a ship for the purposes of a specific mission, whether alone, or with other aircraft or vessels. ... The Indian Navy is the naval branch of the armed forces of India. ... Missile Boat, see Missile Boat (disambiguation) Missile boat FNS Hamina of the Finnish Navy. ... is the 141st day of the year (142nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Combatants  India  Pakistan, Kashmiri secessionists, Islamic militants (Foreign Fighters) Strength 30,000 5,000 Casualties Indian Official Figures: 527 killed,[1][2][3] 1,363 wounded[4] 1 POW Pakistani Estimates: 357-500 killed[5][6] (Pakistan troops) 665+ soldiers wounded[5] 8 POW.[7] The Kargil War, also known... The Indian Air Force is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani control. ... The FIM-92 Stinger is a personal portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile developed in the United States and used by all the U.S. armed services, with whom it entered service in 1981. ... A modern German Luftwaffe IRIS-T infrared homing air-to-air missile Infrared homing refers to a passive missile guidance system which uses the emission from a target of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared part of the spectrum to track it. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... During the Vietnam War, GAF Canberras from 2 Squadron, Royal Australian Air Force were valued because of their optical bombsights; these meant they could carry out bombing raids from higher altitudes, often with total surprise. More modern bombers and attack aircraft either used less-accurate electronic targeting equipment and/or dive bombing tactics, which risked greater losses to Viet Cong and North Vietnamese anti-aircraft fire. Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... A Wedgetail from No. ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... Junkers Ju-87 Stuka dive bombers A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy and limit the exposure to and effectiveness of anti-aircraft fire. ... A Viet Cong soldier, heavily guarded, awaits interrogation following capture in the attacks on Saigon during the festive Tet holiday period of 1968. ... Anthem Tiến Quân Ca (Army March) Location of North Vietnam Capital Hanoi Language(s) Vietnamese Government Socialist republic First president Ho Chi Minh Historical era Cold War  - Independence proclaimed (from Japan) September 2, 1945  - Recognized 1954  - Disestablished July 2, 1976 Area 157,880 km² Population  -  est. ... The Argentine Air Force received 10 B.62 and 2 T.64 trainers at the beginning of the 1970s. During the 1982 Falklands War, eight of them were deployed to Trelew, (a distance of 670 mi (1,080 km) from the islands) to avoid congestion on the closer southern airfields. From May 1 to June 14, they made 35 sorties, 25 of them at night against ground troops. Two aircraft were lost to the ship-launched Sea Dart missile. The Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the armed forces of Argentina. ... Belligerents Argentina United Kingdom Commanders President Leopoldo Galtieri Vice-Admiral Juan Lombardo Brigadier-General Ernesto Crespo Brigade-General Mario Menéndez Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher Admiral Sir John Fieldhouse Rear-Admiral John “Sandy” Woodward Major-General Jeremy Moore Casualties and losses 649 killed 1,068 wounded 11,313 taken prisoner... Welsh Peoples Museum, Trelew Avenida Road in Fontana National Bank at night Trelew is a city in the province of Chubut, in the Argentine Patagonia, with a population of about 102,000 as per the 2001 census [INDEC]. The city has a small commercial center, several neighborhoods, and some... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 165th day of the year (166th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Type surface-to-air, surface-to-surface Nationality UK Era Cold War Launch platform ship Target aircraft or ship History Builder British Aerospace Date of design Production period Service duration 1973 Operators UK (Royal Navy), Argentina Variants ? Number built 2,000+ Specifications Type Diameter 0. ... The Canberra could fly at a higher altitude than any other bomber right through the 1950s and set a world altitude record of 70,310 ft (21,430 m) in 1957. The RAF's three-seat trainer Canberra T4s flew their last flights at RAF Marham in September 2005 because of the retirement of the photo-reconnaissance Canberras on 23 June 2006. In the twilight of their service these had been operational over Afghanistan. Sources indicate that there is no prospective replacement for the Canberra for future reconnaissance work such as that over Afghanistan. RAF Marham is a Royal Air Force station in Norfolk, England. ... [edit] Closure A ceremony to mark the closure of No. 39 (PRU) Sqn took place at RAF Marham on Friday 28 July 2006. The ceremony included a flypast by a Canberra PR9 on its last ever sortie. RAF Canberras made their final flights on 31 July when three were delivered to their new home with Delta Jets at Kemble. They have been purchased by private agencies and will be kept serviceable pending developments which might include contract work. is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 212th day of the year (213th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... After the Canberra left RAF service, the other full-time military operator, the Indian Air Force, announced the withdrawal of the Canberra from combat service from March 2007. The last Canberras operated by the Indian Air Force have retired after a 50 year career. Other Canberras are retained by the Air Force of Peru and several ex-RAF machines and RB-57s are flying in the US for research and mapping work. About ten airworthy Canberras are in private hands today, and are a popular feature at flying displays. [edit] Flight records set by Canberras 1951 - first non-stop transatlantic crossing by a jet.[7] 1952 - first double transatlantic crossing by a jet. 1953 - height record - 63,668 ft (19,406 m) 1955 - height record - 65,889 ft (20,083 m)[8] 1957 - height record - 70,310 ft (21,430 m)[9] Canberra B.2 (WK163) with a Napier Double Scorpion rocket motor in August Transatlantic flight is any flight of an aircraft, whether fixed-wing aircraft, balloon or other device, which involves crossing the Atlantic Ocean -- with a starting point in North America or South America and ending in Europe or Africa, or vice versa. ... A serial number is a unique number that is one of a series assigned for identification which varies from its successor or predecessor by a fixed discrete integer value. ... Napier & Son were one of the most important English aircraft engine manufacturers in the early to mid 20th Century. ... [edit] Variants See B-57 Canberra article for the US-built variants. English Electric A.1 The first Canberra prototype. Canberra B.1 Pre-production prototype, 4 built. Canberra B.2 First production version, crew increased to 3, Avon R.A.3 engines with 6,500 lbf (28.91 kN) of thrust, wingtip fuel tanks. Built by English Electric, Avro, Handley Page and Short Brothers & Harland [10] Canberra B.5 Prototype of second-generation Canberra with fuel tanks in the wings and Avon R.A.7 engines with 7,490 lbf (33.32 kN) of thrust Canberra B.6 Production version based on B.5. 1 ft (0.3 m) fuselage stretch, could be fitted with a belly pack with 4x 20 mm Hispano cannons for strafing. Canberra B.6RC RC= Radio Countermeasures - Specialist ELINT version only 4 produced. Extended nose. Canberra B(I).6 Interim bomber version for the RAF. Canberra B(I).8 Third-generation Canberra derived from B.6. Teardrop canopy on the port site of the fuselage, crew reduced to 2 (pilot and navigator-bombardier), provision for a belly pack with 4 x 20 mm British-Hispano cannons, one external hardpoint under each wing for up to 1,000 lb (454 kg) of bombs or unguided rockets, LABS (Low-Altitude Bombing System) for delivery of nuclear bombs. First flight 23 July 1954, 73 built. Canberra B(I).12 Canberra B(I).8 bomber built for New Zealand and South Africa. Canberra B.15 Upgraded B.6 with underwing hardpoints for 1,000 lb (454 kg) bombs or rockets. Canberra B.16 Similar to B.15. Canberra B.20 B.2 with additional fuel tanks in the wings license-built in Australia, 48 built. Canberra B(I).58 Tropicalized B(I).8 built by Boulton-Paul for India. Canberra PR.3 Photo-reconnaissance version of B.2 Canberra PR.7 Photo-reconnaissance version based on B.6 Canberra PR.9 Photo-reconnaissance version based on B(I).8 with fuselage stretched to 68 ft (27.72 m), wingspan increased by 4 ft (1.22 m), and Avon R.A.27 engines with 10,030 lbf (44.6 kN) of thrust. 22 built. 3 transferred to Chile after the Falklands War Canberra PR.57 Tropicalized PR.7 built by Boulton-Paul for India. Canberra T.4 First trainer variant with dual controls. Canberra T.11 Radar trainer for weapon systems operators of all-weather interceptors. Canberra T.13 Training version of the T.4 for the RNZAF, 1 built. Canberra T.17 Electronic warfare training aircraft used to train surface-based radar and missile operators and airborne fighter and Airborne Early Warning crews in handling jamming (including chaff dropping) aircraft. Canberra T.17A Updated version of the T.17 with improved navigation aids, a spectrum analyser in place of the previously-fitted AN/APR 20, and a powerful communications jammer. Canberra TT.18 Target tug. Canberra T.19 T.11 with radar removed as silent target. Canberra T.21 Trainers converted from B.2 and B.20 Canberra T.22 Conversion of the PR.7 for Royal Navy's Fleet and Air Direction Unit. Used for training Buccaneer navigators. Canberra U.10 Remote-controlled target drones converted from B.2, later redesignated D.10. Canberra U.14 Remote-controlled target drones converted from the U.10, later designated D.14. Canberra Mk.52 4 refurbished B.2 bombers sold to Ethiopia. Canberra Mk.56 10 refurbished B(I).6 bombers sold to Peru. Canberra Mk.62 10 refurbished B.2 bombers sold to Argentina. Canberra Mk.64 2 refurbished T.4 trainers sold to Argentina. Canberra Mk.66 10 refurbished B(I).6 bombers sold to India. Canberra Mk.67 2 refurbished PR.7s sold to India. Canberra Mk.68 1 refurbished B(I).8 bomber sold to Peru. Short SC.9 1 Canberra PR.9 rebuilt by Shorts fitted with an AI.23 radar, plus IR installation in the nose for Red Top air-to-air missile trials. Continued in use for radar missile development work. [11] The Martin B-57 Canberra was a twin-engine jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft which entered service in the 1950s. ... Avro 504K. Avro was a British aircraft manufacturer, well known for planes such as the Avro Lancaster which served in World War II. One of the worlds first aircraft builders, A.V.Roe and Company was established at Brownsfield Mills, Manchester, England by Alliot Verdon Roe and his brother... The Handley Page Aircraft Company was founded by Frederick Handley Page in 1909. ... Short Brothers plc is a British aerospace company now based in Belfast. ... The Hispano-Suiza HS.404 20 mm autocannon was one of the most widely used aircraft weapons of the 20th century, used by British, American, French, and many other military services. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1954 (MCMLIV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar). ... Boulton Paul Defiant Boulton Paul Aircraft Ltd was a British aircraft manufacturer that operated between 1914 and 1961. ... The Royal New Zealand Air Force or RNZAF is the air operations arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. ... Short Brothers plc is a British aerospace company, abbreviated Shorts and is now based in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK. Founded in 1908, Shorts was the first true aviation company in the world, and was a manufacturer of flying boats during the 1920s and 1930s and throughout the Second World War. ... Hawker Siddeley Red Top missile mounted on a English Electric Lightning at the RAF Museum at Hendon, London. ... [edit] Operators Canberra (dark blue) and B-57 (light blue) operators[12] One of two Canberras in service with the Luftwaffe at the museum at Gatow Airport SAAF Canberra B12 with inertial navigation and special sensors package over Transvaal. Wreckage of a crashed Indian Air Force Canberra in Agra, India on 19 December 2005. The entire IAF Canberra fleet was grounded and then retired following this crash.  Argentina Argentine Air Force  Australia Royal Australian Air Force  Chile Chilean Air Force  Ecuador Ecuadorian Air Force  Ethiopia Ethiopian Air Force  France French Air Force Centre d'Essais en Vol Centre du Tir et de Bombardment[12]  Germany Luftwaffe  India Indian Air Force  New Zealand Royal New Zealand Air Force No. 14 Squadron RNZAF No. 75 Squadron RNZAF  Peru Peruvian Air Force  Rhodesia Royal Rhodesian Air Force  South Africa South African Air Force  United Kingdom Royal Air Force No. 3 Squadron RAF No. 6 Squadron RAF No. 7 Squadron RAF No. 9 Squadron RAF No. 10 Squadron RAF No. 12 Squadron RAF No. 13 Squadron RAF No. 14 Squadron RAF No. 15 Squadron RAF No. 16 Squadron RAF No. 17 Squadron RAF No. 18 Squadron RAF No. 21 Squadron RAF No. 27 Squadron RAF No. 31 Squadron RAF No. 32 Squadron RAF No. 35 Squadron RAF No. 39 Squadron RAF No. 40 Squadron RAF No. 45 Squadron RAF No. 50 Squadron RAF No. 51 Squadron RAF No. 57 Squadron RAF No. 58 Squadron RAF No. 59 Squadron RAF No. 61 Squadron RAF No. 69 Squadron RAF No. 73 Squadron RAF No. 76 Squadron RAF No. 80 Squadron RAF No. 81 Squadron RAF No. 82 Squadron RAF No. 85 Squadron RAF No. 88 Squadron RAF No. 90 Squadron RAF No. 97 Squadron RAF No. 98 Squadron RAF No. 100 Squadron RAF No. 101 Squadron RAF No. 102 Squadron RAF No. 103 Squadron RAF No. 104 Squadron RAF No. 109 Squadron RAF No. 115 Squadron RAF No. 139 Squadron RAF No. 149 Squadron RAF No. 151 Squadron RAF No. 192 Squadron RAF No. 199 Squadron RAF No. 207 Squadron RAF No. 213 Squadron RAF No. 245 Squadron RAF No. 249 Squadron RAF No. 360 Squadron RAF No. 361 Squadron RAF No. 527 Squadron RAF No. 540 Squadron RAF No. 542 Squadron RAF No. 617 Squadron RAF Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm Fleet and Air Direction Unit  United States United States Air Force (Two only for B-57 development)  Venezuela Venezuelan Air Force  Zimbabwe Air Force of Zimbabwe Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1425x625, 29 KB) Operators of the English Electric Canberra (dark blue) and Martin B-57 (light blue). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1425x625, 29 KB) Operators of the English Electric Canberra (dark blue) and Martin B-57 (light blue). ... The English Electric Canberra was a first-generation jet bomber manufactured in large numbers through the 1950s, and remaining in service until the early years of the 21st century. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (812x600, 206 KB) One of two English Electric Canberras operated by the West German Luftwaffe at the Luftwaffe Museum in Berlin-Gatows Gatow Airport Picture taken by Andreas Biermann (Wiki user Andreas1968) in 2004. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (812x600, 206 KB) One of two English Electric Canberras operated by the West German Luftwaffe at the Luftwaffe Museum in Berlin-Gatows Gatow Airport Picture taken by Andreas Biermann (Wiki user Andreas1968) in 2004. ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... Known for most of its operational life as RAF Gatow, this former airfield is in the district of Gatow in south-western Berlin, west of the Havel river, in the borough of Spandau. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2836x1611, 811 KB) author, author/squadron member I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2836x1611, 811 KB) author, author/squadron member I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Flag of Transvaal For the Russian theme park, see Transvaal Park. ... The Indian Air Force is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Argentina. ... The Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Argentina or FAA) is the national aviation branch of the armed forces of Argentina. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chile. ... Air Force Flag The Chilean Air Force (Fuerza Aérea de Chile, FACH) is the national Air Force or aviation branch of the armed forces of Chile. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... The Ecuadorian Air Force (Spanish: , FAE) is the Air arm of the Military of Ecuador which includes many fighter aircraft and is one of the most powerful air forces in South America with the Brazilian Air Force, Chilean Air Force, Peruvian Air Force and the Venezuela Air Force. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... The French Air Force is the air force branch of the French Armed Forces. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... The Deutsche Luftwaffe or   (German: air force, IPA: ) is the commonly used term for the German air force. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... The Indian Air Force is the air-arm of the Armed Forces of India and has the prime responsibility of conducting aerial warfare and securing the Indian airspace. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Zealand. ... The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) is the air force arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. ... 14 Squadron RNZAF is an air force squadron of the Royal New Zealand Air Force. ... Formed from a World War II RAF bomber squadron intially equipped and largely manned by New Zealanders 75 Squadron RNZAF was formed from No. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Peru. ... The Peruvian Air Force (Spanish: Fuerza Aérea del Perú, abbreviated FAP) is the branch of the Peruvian Armed Forces tasked with defending the nation and its interests through the use of air power. ... Image File history File links Flag of Rhodesia, 1965–1968. ... This article is about the former British colony of Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... The Royal Rhodesian Air Force was the air arm of the British colonial state of Rhodesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ... The South African Air Force (SAAF) (Afrikaans: Suid-Afrikaanse Lugmag) is the air force of South Africa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... RAF redirects here. ... No. ... The first Royal Air Force squadron to receive the F-4 Phantom II, No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... 45 Squadron - Royal Air Force. ... No. ... No. ... // No. ... Categories: | ... No. ... No. ... // History No. ... No. ... No. ... No. ... 151 Squadron was founded at Hainault Farm in Essex on June 12 1918, and was equipped with Sopwith Camel aircraft. ... No. ... No. ... Categories: | ... No. ... For the video game see The Dam Busters (video game) No. ... This article is about the navy of the United Kingdom. ... The Fleet Air Arm is the branch of the Royal Navy responsible for the operation of the aircraft on board their ships. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... USAF redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Venezuela_1930-2006. ... The Air Force of Venezuela, since 2006: Aviación Militar Venezolana (previously Fuerza Aérea Venezolana, FAV) is a professional armed body designed to defend Venezuelas sovereignty and airspace. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zimbabwe. ... The Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ) is the air force of Zimbabwe. ... [edit] Specifications (Canberra B.Mk.6) Canberra PR.9 general arrangement Data from Combat Aircraft Recognition[13] Image File history File links Canberra_pr9_3vw. ... General characteristics Crew: 3 Length: 65 ft 6 in (19.96 m) Wingspan: 64 ft 0 in (19.51 m) Height: 15 ft 8 in (4.77 m) Wing area: 960 ft² (89.19 m²) Empty weight: 21,650 lb (9,820 kg) Loaded weight: 46,000 lb (21,000 kg) Max takeoff weight: 55,000 lb (25,000 kg) Powerplant: 2× Rolls-Royce Avon R.A.7 Mk.109 turbojets, 7,400 lbf (36 kN) each The distance AB is the wing span of this Aer Lingus Airbus A320. ... In aviation, the Maximum Take-Off Weight (or MTOW) is the maximum weight with which an aircraft can achieve flight. ... The Rolls-Royce Avon turbojet was developed by Cyril Lovesey who had previously been in charge of Merlin development at Rolls-Royce. ... For the transportation company in southern China, see TurboJET. Turbojets are the oldest kind of general purpose jet engines. ... Performance Maximum speed: Mach 0.88 (580 mph, 933 km/h) at 40,000 ft (12,000 m) Combat radius: 810 mi (700 nm, 1,300 km) Ferry range: 3,380 mi (2,940 nm, 5,440 km) Service ceiling 48,000 ft (15,000 m) Rate of climb: 3,400 ft/min (17 m/s) Wing loading: 48 lb/ft² (234 kg/m²) Thrust/weight: 0.32 V speeds are speeds that define certain performance and limiting characteristics of an aircraft. ... In aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditons The service ceiling attempts to capture the maximum usable altitude of an aircraft. ... This page is a candidate to be moved to Wiktionary. ... In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. ... Thrust-to-weight ratio (where weight means weight at the Earths surface) is a dimensionless parameter characteristic of rocket and jet engines, and of vehicles propelled by such engines (typically space launch vehicles and jet aircraft). ... Armament Internal: 6,000 lb (2,700 kg) Guns: belly gun pack in rear bomb bay with 4×20 mm cannon, 500 rounds/gun Bombs: 9× 500 lb (230 kg) bombs, or 6× 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs, or 1× 4,000 lb (1,800 kg) bomb Note: in addition to conventional ordnance, the Canberra was also type-approved for tactical nuclear weapons delivery eg the Red Beard and B57 bombs. All nuclear weapons were carried internally. M242 Bushmaster autocannon on an M2 Bradley. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... A Red Beard weapon on its bomb trolley, fitted with a bomb-carrier prior to loading into a Canberra bomber. ... The B57 nuclear bomb was a low-yield tactical nuclear weapon used by the United States during the Cold War. ... External: 2,000 lb (900 kg) Guns: 2× 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine gun pods, or Missiles: 2× AS.30 air-to-ground missiles, or Rockets: 2× unguided rocket pods with 37× 2 in (51 mm) rockets, or Bombs: 4× 500 lb (227 kg) bombs, or 2× 1,000 lb (450 kg) bombs Air-to-ground missiles are missiles launced by military aircraft against targets on the ground. ... [edit] See also Gloster Meteor Portal:British aircraft since World War II Related development The Gloster Meteor was the first British jet fighter and the Allies first operational jet. ... B-57 Canberra Comparable aircraft The Martin B-57 Canberra was a twin-engine jet bomber and reconnaissance aircraft which entered service in the 1950s. ... Ilyushin Il-28 Martin XB-51 Sud-Ouest Vautour Related lists The Ilyushin Il-28 is a jet bomber aircraft that was originally manufactured for the Soviet Air Force and was the USSRs first such aircraft to enter large-scale production. ... The Martin XB-51 was a ground attack aircraft designed to a 1945 United States Army Air Force requirement, and originally designated XA-45. ... The Sud Aviation (SNCASO) S.O. 4050 Vautour II was a French bomber, interceptor, and attack aircraft used by the Armée de lAir (AdA) and the Israeli Heyl HaAvir. ... List of aircraft of the RAF List of aircraft of the RAAF List of bomber aircraft Many aircraft types have served in the Royal Air Force since it was formed in 1918 by the merger of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval Air Service. ... // Australian Flying Corps 1913 - 1920 Airco/De Havilland DH.5 Airco/De Havilland DH.6 Armstrong Whitworth F.K.3 Avro 504 Bleriot XI Bristol Boxkite Bristol F.2 Fighter Bristol Scout Caudron G.III Curtiss JN Jenny Deperdussin Grahame - White Boxkite Handley Page 0/400 Martinsyde S.1 Martinsyde... // 1914-1918 France Breguet 14 Germany Albatros C.III Rumpler Taube Gotha G AEG G.I AEG G.II AEG G.III AEG G.IV AEG G.V AEG N.I AEG R.I