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The English language once had an extensive declension system similar to modern German or Icelandic. Old English distinguished between the nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, and instrumental cases. Declension fell into disuse during the Middle English period, when accusative and dative pronouns merged into a single objective pronoun. Modern English no longer uses declension, except for remnants of the former system in a few pronouns. This is a list of cases as they are used by various inflectional languages that have declension. ...
In linguistics, the Abessive case is a noun case expressing the lack and absence of something. ...
For the physical process, see ablation. ...
In ergative-absolutive languages, the absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb. ...
In the Finnish language, Estonian language and Hungarian language the adessive case is the fourth of the locative cases with the basic meaning of on. For example, Estonian laud (table) and laual (on the table), Hungarian asztal and asztalon (on the table). ...
The adverbial case is a noun case in the Abkhaz language and Georgian language that has function similar to the translative and essive cases. ...
In the Finnish language, the Allative case is the fifth of the locative cases, with the basic meaning of onto. Its ending is -lle, for example pöytä (table) and pöydälle (onto the top of the table). ...
The benefactive case is a case used where English would use for, for the benefit of, or intended for. ...
This case in Hungarian language combines the Causal case and the Final case: it can express the cause of emotions (eg. ...
The Comitative case is used where English would use in company with or together with. It, and many other cases, are found in the Finnish language, the Hungarian language, and the Estonian language. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The dedative case is a grammatical case invented by J. R. R. Tolkien in his constructed language Quenya. ...
The delative case in the Hungarian language can originally express the movement from the surface of something (eg. ...
The disjunctive case is a grammatical case in French, where (like other cases) it has a distinct form only for pronouns. ...
This case in Hungarian language can express the manner when something happens to each member of a set one by one (eg. ...
This case in Hungarian language can express how often something happens (eg. ...
Elative is a locative case with the basic meaning out of. In Finnish elative is typically formed by adding sta/stä, in Estonian - st to the genitive stem. ...
The essive or similaris case carries the meaning of a temporary state of being, often equivalent to the English as a. ...
In Hungarian language this case combines the Essive case and the Formal case, and it can express the position, task, state (eg. ...
This case in Hungarian language can express the state, capacity, task in which somebody is or which somebody has (Essive case, eg. ...
The excessive case is a grammatical case, which denotes a transition away from a state. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Illative case in the Finno-Ugric languages Illative is, in the Finnish language, Estonian language and the Hungarian language, the third of the locative cases with the basic meaning of into (the inside of). An example from Hungarian would be a házba (into the house). ...
Inessive case is a locative grammatical case. ...
In the Finnish language, the instructive case has the basic meaning of by means of. It is a comparatively rarely used case, though it is found in some commonly used expressions, such as omin silmin -> with my own eyes. In modern Finnish, many of its instrumental uses are being superseded...
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...
Lative is a case which indicates motion to a location. ...
Locative is a case which indicates a location. ...
In linguistics (or generally in the linguistic sciences), an oblique case (Lat. ...
An objective pronoun functions as the target of a verb, as distinguished from a subjective pronoun, which is the initiator of a verb. ...
The basic meaning of the Partitive case is partialness, without result or without specifying identity. In the Finnish language, its used to express unknown identities and irresultative actions. ...
Possessive case is a case that exists in some languages used for possession. ...
In a passive sentence, when we want to say when or where something happens, we use a phrase that asks for details about the action. ...
Prepositional case is a grammatical case that marks prepositions. ...
The prolative case is a declension of a noun or pronoun that has the basic meaning of by way of. The prolative is alive and well in Estonian but in the Finnish language is only found in a few fossilized forms. ...
The prosecutive case is a declension found in Tundra Nenets language. ...
This case in Hungarian language can express the person in whose company (cf. ...
This case in Hungarian language can express the destination of the movement, originally to the surface of something (eg. ...
The Superessive case is a grammatical declension indicating location on top of something. ...
The temporal case in morphology is used to indicate a time. ...
In morphology, the terminative case is a case that indicates to what point; where something ends. ...
This declension (case) indicates a change in state of a noun, with the general sense of becoming X or change to X. In the Finnish language, this is the counterpart of the Essive case, with the basic meaning of a change of state. ...
The vialis case is found in Eskimo languages. ...
The vocative case is the case used for a noun identifying the person being addressed, found in Latin among other languages. ...
In linguistics, morphosyntactic alignment is the system used to distinguish between the arguments of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs. ...
In ergative-absolutive languages, the absolutive case is used to mark the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
In ergative-absolutive languages, the ergative case identifies the subject of a transitive verb. ...
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...
This case in Hungarian language contains the Instrumental case and the Comitative case at the same time. ...
The tone of this article is inappropriate for an encyclopedia article. ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
In linguistics, declension is a feature of inflected languages: generally, the alteration of a noun to indicate its grammatical role. ...
The English language once had an extensive declension system similar to modern German or Icelandic. ...
Latin is an inflected language, and as such its nouns, pronouns, and adjectives must be declined in order to serve a grammatical function. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
In linguistics, declension is a feature of inflected languages: generally, the alteration of a noun to indicate its grammatical role. ...
Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
An objective pronoun functions as the target of a verb, as distinguished from a subjective pronoun, which is the initiator of a verb. ...
In linguistics and grammar, a pronoun is a pro-form that substitutes a noun or noun phrase with or without a determiner, such as you and they in English. ...
"Who" and "whom", "he" and "him", "she" and "her", etc. are remnants of both the old nominative vs. accusative and also of nominative vs. dative. In other words, "whom" serves as both the dative and accusative version of the nominative pronoun "who". In Old English (and in modern German, Icelandic, etc.), these cases had distinct pronouns. The word "whom" itself began falling into widespread disuse in the 20th century, and is being replaced by merely "who". Look up who in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
(19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
This collapse of the separate case pronouns into the same word is one of the reasons grammarians consider the dative and accusative cases to be extinct in English — neither is an ideal term for the role played by "whom". Instead, the term objective is often used; that is, "whom" is a generic objective pronoun which can describe either a direct or an indirect object. The nominative case, "who", is called simply the subjective. The information formerly conveyed by having distinct case forms is now mostly provided by prepositions and word order. An objective pronoun functions as the target of a verb, as distinguished from a subjective pronoun, which is the initiator of a verb. ...
The subjective pronouns are pronouns used as the subject of a sentence; in other words, the initiator or instigator of a verb. ...
In grammar, a preposition is a type of adposition, a grammatical particle that establishes a relationship between an object (usually a noun phrase) and some other part of the sentence, often expressing a location in place or time. ...
Modern English morphologically distinguishes only one case, the possessive case — which some linguists argue is not a case at all, but a clitic (see the entry for genitive case for more information). With only a few pronominal exceptions, the objective and subjective always have the same form. Morphology is the following: In linguistics, morphology is the study of the structure of word forms. ...
Possessive case is a case that exists in some languages used for possession. ...
In linguistics, a clitic is a word that syntactically functions as a free morpheme, but phonetically appears as a bound morpheme; it is always pronounced with a following or preceding word. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Evolution of English declension
Interrogative pronouns
Old masculine/feminine to the modern person Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Old neuter to the modern thing 1 - Usually replaced by of which, except where it would produce an intolerably clumsy form. Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
In linguistics, the instrumental case indicates that a noun is the instrument or means by which the subject achieves or accomplishes an action. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
First person personal pronouns
Singular Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Plural Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Second person personal pronouns n.b. þ is a letter from Old English, roughly corresponding to th. Þþ The letter Þ (miniscule: þ), which is also known as thorn or þorn is a letter in the Anglo-Saxon and Icelandic alphabets. ...
Old and Middle English singular to the Modern English archaic informal Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Old and Middle English plural to the archaic formal to the modern general You in the nominative case was used in Middle English only as a formal but not as a plural pronoun. So there was a difference between You are (singular formal) and Ye are (plural informal). Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Third person personal pronouns
Feminine singular Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Masculine singular Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Neuter singular Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
Plural Old English (also called Anglo-Saxon) is an early form of the English language that was spoken in parts of what is now England and southern Scotland between the mid-fifth century and the mid-twelfth century. ...
Middle English is the name given by historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion in 1066 and the mid-to-late 15th century, when the Chancery Standard, a form of London-based English, began to become widespread, a process aided by the...
For the 80s pop band, see Modern English (band). ...
The nominative case is a grammatical case for a noun. ...
The accusative case of a noun is the grammatical case used to mark the direct object of a verb. ...
The dative case is a grammatical case generally used to indicate the noun to whom something is given. ...
The genitive case is a grammatical case that indicates a relationship, primarily one of possession, between the noun in the genitive case and another noun. ...
External link - The Magic Sheet, one page color PDF summarizing Old English declension
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