Enigma
Directed by	Michael Apted
Produced by	Mick Jagger Lorne Michaels
Written by	Tom Stoppard (based on the novel by Robert Harris)
Starring	Dougray Scott Kate Winslet Saffron Burrows Jeremy Northam
Music by	John Barry
Cinematography	Seamus McGarvey
Editing by	Rick Shaine
Distributed by	Miramax Films
Release date(s)	January 22, 2001
Running time	119 min.
Language	English
IMDb profile

Enigma is a 2001 film set in World War II. It stars Dougray Scott and Kate Winslet and is based on a novel of the same title by Robert Harris. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Michael Apted (born February 10, 1941 in Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) is a British director, producer, writer and actor. ... Michael Phillip Mick Jagger CBE (born July 26, 1943) is an English rock musician, actor, songwriter, record and film producer and businessman. ... Lorne Michaels (born Lorne Michael Lipowitz on November 17, 1944) is an Emmy-winning Canadian-born television producer, writer and comedian best known for creating and producing Saturday Night Live and producing the various film and TV projects that spun off from it. ... Sir Tom Stoppard, OM, CBE (born as Tomáš Straussler on July 3, 1937)[1] is an Academy Award winning British playwright of more than 24 plays. ... Robert Harris is an English TV reporter and author, born in 1957 in the city of Nottingham. ... Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor best known in America for playing Ian Hainsworth in Desperate Housewives. ... Kate Elizabeth Winslet (born October 5, 1975) is a five time Academy Award-nominated Emmy Award-nominated BAFTA, Grammy and Screen Actors Guild Award winning English actress. ... Saffron Dominique Burrows (born October 22, 1972[1]) is an English actress. ... Jeremy Philip Northam (born December 1, 1961 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England) is an English actor. ... John Barry. ... Seamus McGarvey (born June 29, 1967, Armagh, Northern Ireland) is a cinematographer whose credits include Along Came Polly, High Fidelity, The Hours, Sahara, and The War Zone. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Miramax Films is a film production and distribution brand that was a Big Ten film motion picture distribution and production company headquartered in New York City before being bought out by The Walt Disney Company. ... is the 22nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... For the 1968 science-fiction film and novel, see 2001: A Space Odyssey The year 2001 in film involved some significant events. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor best known in America for playing Ian Hainsworth in Desperate Housewives. ... Kate Elizabeth Winslet (born October 5, 1975) is a five time Academy Award-nominated Emmy Award-nominated BAFTA, Grammy and Screen Actors Guild Award winning English actress. ... Enigma is a novel by Robert Harris, about a young mathematician trying to break the Germans Enigma ciphers during World War II. It was adapted to film in 2001. ... Robert Harris is an English TV reporter and author, born in 1957 in the city of Nottingham. ...

Plot

With the war at its height in March of 1943, the cryptanalysts at Bletchley Park, England, have a problem — the Nazi U-boats have improved the security of their Enigma machine ciphers, leading to a blackout in naval signals intelligence; this could spell disaster in the critical Battle of the Atlantic, on whose outcome Britain's survival depends. The British cryptanalysts have cracked the "shark" cipher before, and they need to do it again. Fortunately, British authorities have enlisted a brilliant young mathematician named Tom Jericho (played by Dougray Scott) to help with the effort. Unfortunately, the possibility of a spy within the British code-breakers' ranks looms and Tom's love, Claire (Saffron Burrows), has disappeared. To help solve the mysteries, Tom recruits Claire's roommate Hester Wallace (Kate Winslet). In investigating Claire's personal life, the pair discover personal and international betrayals. ^[1] Based on a novel by Robert Harris, it manages to link the breaking of the Enigma code and betrayal over the Katyn massacre. Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, hidden, and analýein, to loosen or to untie) is the study of methods for obtaining the meaning of encrypted information, without access to the secret information which is normally required to do so. ... During World War II, codebreakers at Bletchley Park decrypted and interpreted messages from a large number of Axis code and cipher systems, including the German Enigma machine. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem specific to England — the anthem of the United Kingdom is God Save the Queen. See also Proposed English National Anthems. ... National Socialism redirects here. ... U-boat is also a nickname for some diesel locomotives built by GE; see List of GE locomotives October 1939. ... The plugboard, keyboard, lamps, and finger-wheels of the rotors emerging from the inner lid of a three-rotor German military Enigma machine (version with labels) The Enigma machine was a cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ... This article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. ... SIGINT stands for SIGnals INTelligence, which is intelligence-gathering by interception of signals, whether by radio interception or other means. ... Combatants Royal Navy Royal Canadian Navy United States Navy Kriegsmarine Regia Marina Commanders Sir Percy Noble Sir Max K. Horton Ernest J. King Erich Raeder Karl Dönitz Casualties 30,248 merchant sailors 3,500 merchant vessels 175 warships 28,000 sailors 783 submarines The Second Battle of the Atlantic... Leonhard Euler, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all time A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of mathematics. ... Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor best known in America for playing Ian Hainsworth in Desperate Housewives. ... Saffron Dominique Burrows (born October 22, 1972[1]) is an English actress. ... Kate Elizabeth Winslet (born October 5, 1975) is a five time Academy Award-nominated Emmy Award-nominated BAFTA, Grammy and Screen Actors Guild Award winning English actress. ... Robert Harris may refer to the following people: Rob Harris (curler), a Canadian curler. ... This article is about the 1940 massacre of Polish officers. ...

Main cast

• Dougray Scott - Tom Jericho
• Kate Winslet - Hester Wallace
• Saffron Burrows - Claire Romilly
• Jeremy Northam - Mr. Wigram
• Nikolaj Coster Waldau - Jozef 'Puck' Pukowski
• Tom Hollander - Logie
• Donald Sumpter - Leveret
• Matthew Macfadyen - Cave
• Corin Redgrave - Admiral Trowbridge
• Nicholas Rowe - Villiers
• Edward Hardwicke - Heaviside

Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor best known in America for playing Ian Hainsworth in Desperate Housewives. ... Kate Elizabeth Winslet (born October 5, 1975) is a five time Academy Award-nominated Emmy Award-nominated BAFTA, Grammy and Screen Actors Guild Award winning English actress. ... Saffron Dominique Burrows (born October 22, 1972[1]) is an English actress. ... Jeremy Philip Northam (born December 1, 1961 in Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England) is an English actor. ... Danish actor born on July 27th 1970 He has appeared in the following 9 Danish movies: Nattevagten (1994) Nattens engel (1998) Vildspor (1998) Antenneforeningen (1999) Misery Habour (1999) På fremmed mark (2000) Manden bag døren (2003) Rembrandt (2003) Den gode strømer (2004) Has also had played subordinate parts... Tom Hollander (born 1967) is an English actor who has appeared in Enigma, Gosford Park, Cambridge Spies and Pride and Prejudice. ... Donald Sumpter is a British actor. ... Matthew Macfadyen Matthew Macfadyen (born 1974) is a British theatre and film actor, best known for his role as MI5 agent Tom Quinn in the BBC television drama series Spooks. ... Corin William Redgrave (born 16 July 1939) is an English actor. ... Nicholas James Sebastian Rowe (b. ... Edward Hardwicke (born August 7, 1932; sometimes credited as Edward Hardwick) is a British actor, the son of Sir Cedric Hardwicke and actress Helena Pickard. ...

Criticism as revisionism

The scaled-down model of a World War II U-boat used in the film. The model was donated to the Bletchley Park museum.

The film - and by association the book - have attracted criticism for their portrayal of the Polish role in Enigma decryption. Critics argue that in the film the fictitious traitor turns out to be Polish whilst only slight mention is made of the contributions of pre-war Polish Cipher Bureau cryptologists to Allied Enigma decryption efforts and that historically the only known traitor active at Bletchley Park was British spy John Cairncross who passed crucial secrets to the Soviet Union.^[2] ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2304x1536, 1228 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Bletchley Park Enigma (2001 film) ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2304x1536, 1228 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Bletchley Park Enigma (2001 film) ... During World War II, codebreakers at Bletchley Park decrypted and interpreted messages from a large number of Axis code and cipher systems, including the German Enigma machine. ... The plugboard, keyboard, lamps, and finger-wheels of the rotors emerging from the inner lid of a three-rotor German military Enigma machine (version with labels) The Enigma machine was a cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ... This article is about algorithms for encryption and decryption. ... The Biuro Szyfrów ( (?), Polish for Cipher Bureau) was the Polish agency concerned with cryptology between World Wars I and II. The Bureau enjoyed notable successes against Soviet cryptography during the Polish-Soviet War, helping to preserve Polands independence. ... Pre-19th century Leone Battista Alberti, polymath/universal genius, inventor of polyalphabetic substitution (see frequency analysis for the significance of this -- missed by most for a long time and dumbed down in the Vigenère cipher), and what may have been the first mechanical encryption aid. ... In general, allies are people or groups that have joined an alliance and are working together to achieve some common purpose. ... John Cairncross (July 25, 1913 – October 8, 1995) was a British intelligence officer during World War II who, along with four other men (Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess and Anthony Blunt) passed secrets to the Soviet Union during the war. ...

There is also criticism of the character of Jericho who appears to be a sanitised version of Alan Turing, a key figure at the real Bletchley Park in both the cracking of Enigma and the development of the digital computer. In the 1950s Turing was prosecuted for homosexual acts, lost his security clearance, and ultimately committed apparent suicide with an apple laced with cyanide.^[3][4] These critics feel the fictional depiction of Jericho is another example of Hollywood revisionist history and his depiction as heterosexual is an insult to the memory and the suffering of the real Turing. The real code breaking genius has a supporting character in the novel which makes it clear its plot is set during a time when Turing was in the US.^[5] Alan Mathison Turing, FRS,OBE (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... ... For other uses, see Suicide (disambiguation). ... The cyanide ion, CN−. From the top: 1. ...

Miscellaneous facts

• During the film' premiere in Edinburgh, Dougray Scott stayed for only fifteen minutes of the film – he went to a nearby pub to watch a Scottish Premier League football match between Glasgow's Rangers and his favourite team, Hibernian. And co-producer Mick Jagger stayed away altogether.^[6]
• When Tom Jericho is tapping on the desk with a pencil in the film, he is spelling out "Claire" in Morse code.
• When Hester Wallace decodes the long list of Polish names the camera zooms in on the name "Zygalski". Henryk Zygalski was a Polish mathematician who helped to break Enigma designing the "perforated sheets" also known as "Zygalski sheets".
• The Bletchley Park mansion in the film is not real Bletchley Park mansion – it was shot, instead, at Chicheley Hall. ^[7]
• Co-producer Jagger, who makes a cameo appearance, lent the film's design department a four-rotor Enigma encoding machine he owned – to ensure the historical accuracy of one of the props.

For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... Football is a ball game played between two teams of eleven players, each attempting to win by scoring more goals than their opponent. ... In general, a ranger is a keeper, guardian, or soldier that ranges over a region to protect the area or enforce law. ... Hibernian Football Club (informally known as Hibs) are a Scottish professional football club based in Leith, north Edinburgh. ... 1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals Morse code is a method for transmitting telegraphic information, using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a message. ... Henryk Zygalski, about 1930. ... The method of perforated sheets was a codebreaking technique used against the Enigma machine (see Cryptanalysis of the Enigma). ... Chicheley is a village in the county of Milton Keynes, England, though prior to the administrative boundary change in 1995 it was in Buckinghamshire. ...

See also

• U-571 (2000)
• Cryptanalysis of the Enigma
• Enigma machine
• Ultra

U-571 is a 2000 movie directed by Jonathan Mostow, and starring Matthew McConaughey, Bill Paxton, Harvey Keitel, Jon Bon Jovi, Jack Noseworthy, Will Estes, and Tom Guiry. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... The plugboard, keyboard, lamps, and finger-wheels of the rotors emerging from the inner lid of a three-rotor German military Enigma machine (version with labels) The Enigma machine was a cipher machine used to encrypt and decrypt secret messages. ... Ultra (sometimes capitalized ULTRA) was the name used by the British for intelligence resulting from decryption of German communications in World War II. The term eventually became the standard designation in both Britain and the United States for all intelligence from high-level cryptanalytic sources. ...

References

1. ^ Plot summary from IMDB.Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
2. ^ The Cambridge spy ring - BBC News, 13 September 1999.Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
3. ^ Manchester honours Alan Turing - Lester Haines, The Register retrieved 2007-08-09.
4. ^ The enigma of Alan Turing - The Guardian London, 19 June 2007 retrieved 2007-08-09.
5. ^ Hands across the Sea - The Alan Turing Internet Scrapbook retrieved 2007-08-09.
6. ^ Jagger No-show At Enigma Premiere, IMDB, 20 August 2001.Retrieved on 2007-08-09.
7. ^ Sleeve notes from DVD.

External links

• Enigma at the Internet Movie Database
• Review by Andrew Hodges