This article discusses the slave and interpreter of Ferdinand Magellan. See Henry the Black (disambiguation) for other uses

Enrique of Malacca is a native of the Malay Archipelago. He had been reportedly captured by Sumatran slavers from his home islands. In 1511 he was purchased by Ferdinand Magellan in a Malaccan slave market and baptized as Enrique,^[1] (his original name is not recorded). Thereafter he worked as a personal slave and interpreter, accompanying Magellan back to Europe, and onwards on Magellan's famous search for a westward passage to the Pacific Ocean. He is simply called Enrique on the ship's muster roll, and Henrich in Pigafetta's account of the expedition. Ferdinand Magellan, see Ferdinand Magellan Railcar. ... World map depicting Malay Archipelago The Malay Archipelago is a vast archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia (Indochina) and Australia. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... 1511 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ferdinand Magellan, see Ferdinand Magellan Railcar. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob  - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History    - Malacca Sultanate 13th century   - Portuguese control 24 August 1511   - Dutch control 1641   - British control 17 March 1824   - Japanese Occupation 1942-1946... Wiktionary has related dictionary definitions, such as: slave Slave may refer to: Slavery, where people are owned by others, and live to serve their owners without pay Slave (BDSM), a form of sexual and consenual submission Slave clock, in technology, a clock or timer that synchrnonizes to a master clock... Interpreter can mean one of the following: In communication, an interpreter is a person whose role is to facilitate dialogue between two parties that do not use the same language. ... Antonio Pigafetta (ca. ...

When Magellan's fleet reached "Mazaua" -- probably in the Philippines, Enrique was able to converse with the local people, who used a dialect of the Malay Language. Shortly thereafter, Magellan died in the Battle of Mactan. Magellan had provided in his will^[2] that his Malay interpreter was to be freed upon his death, but the remaining Europeans were reluctant to let him go. According to the account of Maximilianus Transylvanus it was Juan Serrano who mistreated Enrique, thereby causing him to plot the massacre of Mactan; Pigafetta, who did not attend the banquet that served as the trap, blames Duarte Barbosa. Enrique supposedly escaped into the protection of Raja Humabon of Cebu.^[3] The Malay language, also known locally as Bahasa Melayu, is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people who reside in the Malay Peninsula, southern Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore, central eastern Sumatra, the Riau islands, and parts of the coast of Borneo. ... Combatants Spanish explorers Barangay of Mactan Commanders Ferdinand Magellan† Lapu-Lapu Strength 49 men including Magellan on shore, at least 11 others in boats 1,500+ Casualties A few, including Magellan Unknown The Battle of Mactan was fought in the Philippines on April 27, 1521. ... The first edition of Transylvanus account Maximilianus Transylvanus (Transilvanus, Transylvanianus), also Maximilianus of Transylvania and Maximilian (Maximiliaen) von Sevenborgen (ca. ... Juan Serrano was a sixteenth century navigator who sailed with Ferdinand Magellan during the first circumnavigation of the world (1517-1519). ... Mactan can refer to: Mactan Island Battle of Mactan Mactan-Cebu International Airport This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Antonio Pigafetta (ca. ...

Was Enrique the First Circumnavigator?

The neutrality of this section is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

European accounts variously state Enrique's origin as Malacca, Sumatra, Maluku Islands, and Cebu^{[citation needed]}. Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccas, Moluccan Islands or simply Maluku) are an archipelago in Indonesia, and part of the larger Malay Archipelago. ... REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES Province of Cebu Region: Central Visayas (Region VII) Capital: Cebu City Founded: April 7, 1521 and April 27, 1565 Population: 2000 census—3,356,137 (largest) Density—660 per km² (6th highest) Area: 5,088. ...

• If he was from Cebu, or its immediate environs, he probably was the first circumnavigator.
• If not, he could have completed the circumnavigation after the Europeans had left. This is quite possible, but there is no evidence for or against. In any case, he would only be first if he arrived home before the Spaniards (6 September 1522, 16 months after they parted).

• If a looser definition of circumnavigation (than returning to the exact same spot) is accepted, then Enrique has an undisputed claim. He made the first known cultural circumnavigation, travelling around the world until he reached people who spoke his language. He (and Magellan) may also have crossed every meridian -- that is he crossed every line of longitude, or circumnavigated the poles.

Meridian is: Meridian (astronomy): an imaginary circle perpendicular to the horizon. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ Bergreen, L. Over The Edge of The World
2. ^ Bergreen, L. Over The Edge of The World
3. ^ Bergreen, L. Over The Edge of The World

Bibliography

ALBO, Francisco. 1522a. Diario ó derrotero del viage de Magallanes desde el cabo de San Agustín en el Brasil, hasta el regreso a España de la nao Victoria. In: Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los Españoles des fines de siglo XV, t. IV. Martín Fernández de Navarette (ed.). 1837. Buenos Aires 1945-46. Pp. 209-47. Abbreviated CVD in citation. —1522b. Log-Book of Francisco Alvo or Alvaro. In: The First Voyage Round The World. Lord Stanley of Alderley (ed. and trans.). Ser. I, Vol. LII, London 1874. Pp. 211-236.

AYAMONTE, Martín Lopez de. 1523. A viagem de Fernão de Magalhães por uma Presencial. In: Arquivo Histórico de Portugal, vol. I, fasc. 5, 6. Lisbon.

BERGREEN, Laurence. 2003. Over The Edge of The World: Magellan’s Terrifying Circumnavigation of the Globe. New York.

BLAIR, Emma Helen and ROBERTSON, James Alexander. 1901-1907. The Philippine Islands 1493-1898, 55 vols. Cleveland. Abbreviated BR in citations.

BRAND, Donald D. 1967. “Geographical explorations by the Spaniards.” In: The Pacific Basin. A History of Its Geographical Explorations. Herman R. Friis (ed.). New York. Pp. 109-144.

BRITO, Antonio de. 1523. Carta escrita de S. João de Ternate, em 6 de Maio de 1523, a D. Manuel I. In: Alguns documentos do Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo. Lisbon 1892: Pp. 464-478. Also in CVD, Pp. 305-11.

COLECCIÓN de documentos inéditos relativos al descubrimiento conquista y organización de las antiguas posesiones Españolas de ultramar. t. II. Madrid 1886. Abbreviated CDIU in citation.

GENOESE PILOT. 1519. Navegaçam e vyagem que fez Fernando de Magalhães de Seuilha pera Maluco no anno de 1519 annos. In: Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas, que vivem nos dominios Portuguezes, ou lhes sao visinhas. Lisboa 1826. Pp. 151-176.

GUILLEMARD, Francis Henry Hill. 1890. The Life of Ferdinand Magellan and the First Circumnavigation of the Globe: 1480-1521. New York.

HERRERA, Antonio de. 1601. Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y tierrafirme del mar oceano, t. VI. Angel Gonzalez Palencia (ed.). Madrid 1947.

JOYNER, Tim. 1992. Magellan. Camden, ME.

LACH, Donald F. 1965. Asia in the making of Europe. 3 vols. Chicago.

LAGÔA, Visconde de. 1938. Fernão de Magalhãis (A Sua Vida e a Sua Viagem). Lisboa.

MAFRA, Ginés de. 1543. Libro que trata del descubrimiento y principio del Estrecho que se llama de Magallanes. Antonio Blazquez y Delgado Aguilera (eds.) Madrid 1920. Pp. 179-212.

MAXIMILIAN Transylvanus. 1523. De Moluccis insulis. In: The First Voyage...Filipiniana Book Guild. Manila 1969: Pp. 103-130.

MEDINA, José Toribio. 1890. El descubrimiento de Océano Pacifico: Vasco Nuñez Balboa, Hernando de Magallanes y sus compañeros. Chile, 1920.

MORISON, Samuel Eliot. 1974. The European Discovery of America: The Southern Voyages. New York.

PARR, Charles McKew. 1953. So Noble a Captain: The Life and Times of Ferdinand Magellan. New York.

PIGAFETTA, Antonio. 1524. Various editions and translations: —1524a. Magellan’s Voyage, Vol. II. Facsimile edition of Nancy-Libri-Phillipps-Beinecke-Yale codex. New Haven 1969.

—1524b. Primo viaggio intorno al globo terracqueo, ossia ragguaglio della navigazione...fatta dal cavaliere Antonio Pigafetta...ora publicato per la prima volta, tratto da un codice MS. Della biblioteca Ambrosiana di Milano e corredato di note da Carlo Amoretti. Milan 1800.

—1524c. Il primo viaggio intorno al globo di Antonio Pigafetta. In: Raccolta di Documenti e Studi Publicati dalla. Commissione Colombiana. Andrea da Mosto (ed. and tr.). Rome 1894.

—1524d. Le premier tour du monde de Magellan. Léonce Peillard (ed. and transcription of Ms. fr. 5650). France 1991.

—1524e. Magellan’s Voyage, 3 vols. James Alexander Robertson (ed. and tr. of Ambrosian). Cleveland 1906.

—1524f. Magellan’s Voyage: A Narrative Account of the First Circumnavigation. R.A. Skelton (ed. and tr. of Yale ms.). New Haven 1969.

—1524g. The First Voyage Round the World by Magellan. Lord Stanley of Alderley (ed. & tr. of Ms. fr. 5650 and Ambrosian ms.). London 1874.

—1523h. The Voyage of Magellan: The Journal of Antonio Pigafetta. Paula Spurlin Paige (tr. of Colínes edition). New Jersey 1969.

—1524i. Il Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo Con Il Trattato della Sfera. Facsimile edition of Ambrosian ms. Vicenza 1994.

—1524j. The First Voyage Around the World (1519-1522). Theodore J. Cachey Jr. (ed. Based on Robertson’s tr.) New York 1995.

—1524k. Pigafetta: Relation du premier voyage autour du monde...Edition du texte fraçais d’après les manuscripts de Paris et de Cheltenhan. Jean Denucé (text transcribed from Ms. 5650, collating Mss. Ambrosiana, Nancy-Yale and 24224 in notes.) Anvers 1923.

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SCAMMEL, G.V. 1981. The World Encompassed. The first European maritime empires c. 800-1650. Los Angeles.

THOMAS, Hugh. 2004. Rivers of Gold: The Rise of the Spanish Empire, from Columbus to Magellan. New York.

TORODASH, Martin. 1971. “Magellan Historiography.” In: Hispanic American Historical Review, LI, Pp. 313-335.

ZWEIG, Stefan. 1938. Conqueror of the Seas: The Story of Magellan. New York.

Reference

Acknowledgements to Mr. Nestor Enriquez for information.

The above article is a rewrite from an e-mail account from Mr. Nestor Enriquez and based on Pigafetta's account.

See also

• Henry (Enrique) interpreter of Magellan
• Battle of Mactan
• De Moluccis Insulis

Ferdinand Magellan, see Ferdinand Magellan Railcar. ... Combatants Spanish explorers Barangay of Mactan Commanders Ferdinand Magellan† Lapu-Lapu Strength 49 men including Magellan on shore, at least 11 others in boats 1,500+ Casualties A few, including Magellan Unknown The Battle of Mactan was fought in the Philippines on April 27, 1521. ... The first edition of Transylvanus account Maximilianus Transylvanus (Transilvanus, Transylvanianus), also Maximilianus of Transylvania and Maximilian (Maximiliaen) von Sevenborgen (ca. ...

External links

• Yale notes on Pigaffetta
• Notes on Mazaua
• Notes on Pigafetta, Mazua, Ginés de Mafra another seaman of Magellan
• Enrique
• Translations of Pigafetta
• First circumnavigator
• Spanish PDV Enrique de Malacca
• Magellan may have known about the Philippines from a previous trip to the Moluccas
• ^†Malayan words recorded by Antonio Pigafetta in Cebu in 1521