hfajhfiudshfas == == == _{--24.167.85.87 03:36, 10 April 2007 (UTC) == [[The Eocene epoch (55.8 ± 0.2 - 33.9 ± 0.1 Ma) is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in the Cenozoic era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by the emergence of the first modern mammals. The end is set at a major extinction event called Grande Coupure (the "Great Break" in continuity), which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of the epoch are well identified,^[1] though their exact dates are slightly uncertain.} A division of geologic time less than a period and greater than an age. ... Annum is a Latin noun meaning year. ... The geologic time scale is used by geologists and other scientists to describe the timing and relationships between events that have occurred during the history of the Earth. ... Palaeogene (alternatively Paleogene) period is a unit of geologic time that began 65 and ended 23 million years ago. ... In geology, a period or age is a time span of many millions of years that are assumed to have had similar characteristics. ... The Cenozoic Era (IPA pronunciation: ); sometimes Caenozoic Era (in the United Kingdom), meaning new life (Greek (kainos), new, and (zoe), life), is the most recent of the three classic geological eras. ... The Paleocene, early dawn of the recent, is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... Subclasses Allotheria* Order Multituberculata (extinct) Order Volaticotheria (extinct) Order Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Order Triconodonta (extinct) Prototheria Order Monotremata Theria Infraclass Marsupialia Infraclass Eutheria The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in females for the nourishment of young, from mammary glands present on most species... For the Big Finish Productions audio play, see The Extinction Event. ... The term bolide (from the Greek βολις, bolis, missile) can refer to either an extraterrestrial body that collides with the Earth, or to an exceptionally bright, fireball-like meteor regardless of whether it ultimately impacts the surface. ... Popigai crater The Popigai crater in Siberia, Russia is tied with Manicouagan Reservoir as the 4th largest impact crater on Earth. ... The Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater was formed by the impact of an extraterrestrial bolide that hit about 35. ... In geology, a period or age is a time span of many millions of years that are assumed to have had similar characteristics. ... Goldenville Strata exposed at a quarry in Bedford, Canada. ...

_{The name Eocene comes from the Greek eos (dawn) and ceno (new) and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') mammalian fauna that appeared during the epoch.}

Paleogene (alternatively Palaeogene) period is a unit of geologic time that began 65 and ended 23 million years ago. ... The Paleocene, early dawn of the recent, is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65. ... The Oligocene epoch is a geologic period of time that extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present. ... The Danian (also known as the Montian) is the first stage of the Paleocene Epoch. ... Selandian is a stage of the middle Paleocene Epoch. ... The Thanetian (also known as the Landenian or the Heersian) is the last stage of the Paleocene Epoch. ... The Ypresian is the first stage of the Eocene Epoch. ... The Lutetian is a stage of the middle Eocene Epoch. ... In the geologic timescale, the Bartonian is the age of the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period of the Cenozoic era of the Fanerozoic eon that is comprehended between 40 million 400 thousand and 37 million 200 thousand years ago, approximatedly. ... The Priabonian (also known as Jacksonian or Runangan) is the final stage of the Eocene Epoch. ... The Rupelian (also known as Stampian, Tongrian, Latdorfian, or Vicksburgian) is the first of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch. ... The Chattian (also known as Chickasawhayan) is the second and final of two stages of the Oligocene Epoch. ...

_Subdivisions

_{The Eocene epoch is usually broken into Early and Late, or - more usually - Early, Middle, and Late subdivisions. The corresponding rocks are referred to as Lower, Middle, and Upper Eocene. The Faunal stages from youngest to oldest are:} Faunal stages are a subdivision of geologic time used primarily by paleontologists who study fossils rather than by geologists who study rock formations. ...

_{The Ypresian and occasionally the Lutetian constitute the Lower, the Priabonian and sometimes the Bartonian the Upper subsection; alternatively, the Lutetian and Bartonian are united as the Middle Eocene.} The Priabonian (also known as Jacksonian or Runangan) is the final stage of the Eocene Epoch. ... Annum is a Latin noun meaning year. ... In the geologic timescale, the Bartonian is the age of the Eocene epoch of the Paleogene period of the Cenozoic era of the Fanerozoic eon that is comprehended between 40 million 400 thousand and 37 million 200 thousand years ago, approximatedly. ... The Lutetian is a stage of the middle Eocene Epoch. ... The Ypresian is the first stage of the Eocene Epoch. ...

_Climate

_{Marking the start of the Eocene, the planet heated up in one of the most rapid (in geologic terms) and extreme global warming events recorded in geologic history, called the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum or Initial Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM or IETM). This was an episode of rapid and intense warming (up to 7°C at high latitudes) that lasted less than 100,000 years [1]. The Thermal Maximum provoked a sharp extinction event that distinguishes Eocene fauna from the ecosystems of the Paleocene.} Climate change during the last 65 million years. ... Fauna is a collective term for animal life. ...

_{The Eocene global climate was perhaps the most homogeneous of the Cenozoic; the temperature gradient from equator to pole was only half that of today's, and deep ocean currents were exceptionally warm.[2] The polar regions were much warmer than today, perhaps as mild as the modern-day Pacific Northwest; temperate forests extended right to the poles, while rainy tropical climates extended as far north as 45 degrees latitude. The difference was greatest in the temperate latitudes; the climate in the tropics however, was probably similar to today's.(Stanley, 508)} World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and Príncipe. ... An ocean current is any more or less permanent or continuous, directed movement of ocean water that flows in one of the Earths oceans. ... The Pacific Northwest from space This page is about the region that includes parts of Canada and the US. For the US only region, see Northwestern United States The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ...

_{Climates remained warm through the rest of the Eocene, although slow global cooling, which eventually led to the Pleistocene glaciations, started around the end of the epoch as ocean currents around Antarctica cooled.} The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... A glaciation (a created composite term meaning Glacial Period, referring to the Period or Era of, as well as the process of High Glacial Activity), often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ...

_{Paleogeography}

_{During the Eocene, the continents continued to drift toward their present positions.} Color-coded regions of the world based on the seven commonly reckoned continents Dymaxion map by Buckminster Fuller shows land masses with minimal distortion as nearly one continuous continent A continent is one of several large landmasses on Earth. ... Bridge across the Álfagjá rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary of the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ...

_{At the beginning of the period, Australia and Antarctica remained connected, and warm equatorial currents mixed with colder Antarctic waters, distributing the heat around the world and keeping global temperatures high. But when Australia split from the southern continent around 45 mya, the warm equatorial currents were deflected away from Antarctica, and an isolated cold water channel developed between the two continents. The Antarctic region cooled down, and the ocean surrounding Antarctica began to freeze, sending cold water and icefloes north, reinforcing the cooling.} World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and Príncipe. ...

_{The northern supercontinent of Laurasia began to break up, as Europe, Greenland and North America drifted apart.} In geology, a supercontinent is a land mass comprising more than one continental core, or craton. ... Laurasia was a supercontinent that most recently existed as a part of the split of the Pangaean supercontinent in the late Mesozoic era. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ...

_{In western North America, mountain building started in the Eocene, and huge lakes formed in the high flat basins among uplifts.} // Orogeny (Greek for mountain generating) is the process of mountain building, and may be studied as a tectonic structural event, as a geographical event and a chronological event, in that orogenic events cause distinctive structural phenomena and related tectonic activity, affect certain regions of rocks and crust and happen within...

_{In Europe, the Tethys Sea finally vanished, while the uplift of the Alps isolated its final remnant, the Mediterranean, and created another shallow sea with island archipelagos to the north. Though the North Atlantic was opening, a land connection appears to have remained between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar.} The Tethys Sea was a shallow inland body of water that existed between Laurasia and Gondwana, the geological ancestor of the modern Black, Caspian and Aral Seas. ... The west face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... The Mergui Archipelago An archipelago is a landform which consists of a chain or cluster of islands. ... “Atlantic” redirects here. ...

_{India continued its journey away from Africa and began]] ==} == For other uses, see Africa (disambiguation). ...

 == == its collision with Asia, folding the Himalayas into existence. 

It is hypothesized that the Eocene hothouse world was caused by runaway global warming from released methane clathrates deep in the oceans. The clathrates were buried beneath mud that was disturbed as the oceans warmed. Methane (CH₄) has ten to twenty times the greenhouse gas effect of carbon dioxide (CO₂). World map showing the location of Asia. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Burning ice. Methane, released by heating, burns; water drips (USGS). ...

Flora

At the beginning of the Eocene, the high temperatures and warm oceans created a moist, balmy environment, with forests spreading throughout the earth from pole to pole. Apart from the driest deserts, Earth must have been entirely covered in forests.

Polar forests were quite extensive. Fossils and even preserved remains of trees such as swamp cypress and dawn redwood from the Eocene have been found in Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic. The preserved remains found in the Canadian Arctic are not fossils, but actual pieces preserved in oxygen-poor water in the swampy forests of the time and then buried before they had the chance to decompose. Even at that time, Ellesmere Island was only a few degrees in latitude further south than it is today. Fossils of subtropical and even tropical trees and plants from the Eocene have also been found in Greenland and Alaska. Tropical rainforests grew as far north as the Pacific Northwest and Europe. Species Taxodium ascendens - Pond Cypress Conservation status: Secure Taxodium distichum - Bald Cypress Conservation status: Secure Taxodium mucronatum - Montezuma Cypress Conservation status: Data Deficient Taxodium is a genus of one to three species (depending on taxonomic opinion) of extremely flood-tolerant conifers in the cypress family, Cupressaceae, one of several genera... Binomial name Metasequoia glyptostroboides The Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides) is a fast growing tree in the conifer family Cupressaceae native to the Sichuan-Hubei region of China. ... Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area  Ranked 1st  - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,855 km²)  - Width 808 miles (1,300 km)  - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km)  - % water 13. ... Amazon river rainforest in Brazil Tropical rainforests are rainforests which are generally found near the equator. ... The Pacific Northwest from space This page is about the region that includes parts of Canada and the US. For the US only region, see Northwestern United States The Pacific Northwest, abbreviated PNW, or PacNW is a region in the northwest of North America. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ...

Palm trees were growing as far north as Alaska and northern Europe during the early Eocene, although they became less abundant as the climate cooled. Dawn redwoods were far more extensive as well. Genera Many; see list of Arecaceae genera Arecaceae (also known as Palmae or Palmaceae), the palm family, is a family of flowering plants, belonging to the monocot order Arecales. ...

Cooling began mid-period, and by the end of the Eocene continental interiors had begun to dry out, with forests thinning out considerably in some areas. The newly-evolved grasses were still confined to river banks and lake edges and had not yet expanded into plains and savannas. Genera See: List of Poaceae genera The true grasses are monocot (class Liliopsida) plants of the family Poaceae (formerly Graminae). ... == Headline text == Plains is the name of several places in the [[United usyduisaydashdsdsjdn Plains, North Lanarkshire, Scotland There are also The Plains, Ohio; Plainsboro, New Jersey; and Plainville, Kansas You might also be looking for the geographical feature plain; or the Plains Indians. ... Savanna at Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. ...

The cooling also brought seasonal changes. Deciduous trees, better able to cope with large temperature changes, began to overtake evergreen tropical species. By the end of the period, deciduous forests covered large parts of the northern continents, including North America, Eurasia and the Arctic, and rainforests held on only in equatorial South America, Africa, India and Australia. Deciduous means temporary or tending to fall off (deriving from the Latin word decidere, to fall off). ... A Silver Fir shoot showing three successive years of retained leaves In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant which retains its leaves year-round, with each leaf persisting for more than 12 months. ... The red line indicates the 10°C isotherm in July, commonly used to define the Arctic region border Satellite image of the Arctic surface The Arctic is the region around the Earths North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... For other uses, see Africa (disambiguation). ...

Antarctica, which began the Eocene fringed with a warm temperate to sub-tropical rainforest, became much colder as the period progressed; the heat-loving tropical flora was wiped out, and by the beginning of the Oligocene, the continent hosted deciduous forests and vast stretches of tundra. In Botany a Flora (or Floræ) is a collective term for plant life and can also refer to a descriptive catalogue of the plants of any geographical area, geological period, etc. ... In physical geography, tundra is an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. ...

Fauna

Mesonyx, a carnivorous ungulate

The oldest known fossils of most of the modern mammal orders appear within a brief period during the early Eocene. At the beginning of the Eocene, several new mammal groups arrived in North America. These modern mammals, like artiodactyls, perissodactyls and primates, had features like long, thin legs, feet and hands capable of grasping, as well as differentiated teeth adapted for chewing. Dwarf forms reigned. All the members of the new mammal orders were small, under 10 kg; based on comparisons of tooth size, Eocene mammals were only 60% of the size of the primitive Paleocene mammals that had preceded them. They were also smaller than the mammals that followed them. It is assumed that the hot Eocene temperatures favored smaller animals that were better able to manage heat. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Species Mesonyx obtusidens Mesonyx (middle nail) was a member of the Mesonychia, the best known family of the Acreodi - which may have been ancestral to cetaceans. ... Three small ammonite fossils, each approximately 1. ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ... Families 15, See classification A primate (L. prima, first) is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ... Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ...

Both groups of modern ungulates (hoofed animals) became prevalent because of a major radiation between Europe and North America; along with carnivourous ungulates like Mesonyx. Early forms of many other modern mammalian orders appeared, including bats, proboscidians, primates, rodents and marsupials. Older primitive forms of mammals declined in variety and importance. Important Eocene land fauna fossil remains have been found in western North America, Europe, Patagonia, Egypt and southeast Asia. Marine fauna are best known from South Asia and the southeast United States. Llamas such as this, which have two toes, are artiodactylas -- even toed ungulates Ungulates (meaning roughly hoofed or hoofed animal) make up several orders of mammals, of which six to eight survive. ... Species Mesonyx obtusidens Mesonyx (middle nail) was a member of the Mesonychia, the best known family of the Acreodi - which may have been ancestral to cetaceans. ... Suborders Megachiroptera Microchiroptera See text for families. ... Groups Jozaria (extinct) Anthracobunidae (extinct) Moeritheriidae (extinct) Euproboscidea Numidotheriidae (extinct) Barytheriidae (extinct) Deinotheriidae (extinct) Elephantiformes Phiomiidae (extinct) Palaeomastodontidae (extinct) Hemimastodontidae (extinct) Euelephantoidea Choerolophodontidae (extinct) Amebelodontidae (extinct) Gnathabelodontidae (extinct) Gomphotheriidae (extinct) Elephantidae Mammutidae (extinct) Proboscidea is an order containing only one family of living animals, Elephantidae, the elephants, with three species... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents. ... Orders Superorder Ameridelphia Didelphimorphia Paucituberculata Superorder Australidelphia Microbiotheria Dasyuromorphia Peramelemorphia Notoryctemorphia Diprotodontia Marsupials are mammals in which the female typically has a pouch (called the marsupium, from which the name Marsupial derives) in which it rears its young through early infancy. ... In orange the area most commonly defined as Patagonia. ... This article is about the geopolitical region in Asia. ... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...

Reptile fossils were abundant such as python fossils and turtle fossils.

During the Eocene, plants and marine faunas became quite modern. Many modern bird orders first appeared in the Eocene. For other meanings of bird, see bird (disambiguation). ...

Oceans

The Eocene oceans were warm and teeming with fish and other sea life. The first Carcharinid sharks appeared, as did early marine mammals, including Basilosaurus, an early species of whale that is thought to be descended from land animals, the hoofed predators called mesonychids, of which Mesonyx was a member. The first sirenians, relatives of the elephants, also appeared at this time. A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ... Families Scyliorhinidae (cat sharks) Proscyllidae (finback cat sharks) Pseudotriakidae (false cat sharks) Leptochariidae (barbeled houndshark) Triakidae (hound sharks) Hemigaleidae (weasel sharks) Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks) The ground sharks, order Carcharhiniformes, are the largest order of sharks, with over 270 species, and includes a number of common types, such as the blue... Species Basilosaurus cetoides Basilosaurus drazindai Basilosaurus isis Basilosaurus was a genus of cetacean that lived from 40 to 37 million years ago in the Eocene. ... A Fin Whale The term whale is ambiguous: it can refer to all cetaceans, to just the larger ones, or only to members of particular families within the order Cetacea. ... Mesonychids are an extinct order of even-toed carnivorous ungulates (hoofed animals) which looked like wolves, and were scavengers for carrion and hunters of fish. ... Species Mesonyx obtusidens Mesonyx (middle nail) was a member of the Mesonychia, the best known family of the Acreodi - which may have been ancestral to cetaceans. ... Families Dugongidae Trichechidae For information about the Gothic Metal band, see Sirenia (band) Sirenia are herbivorous mammals of coastal waters. ...

Grande Coupure

The "end Eocene" event.

The Grande Coupure, or "great break" in continuity,^[2] with a major European turnover in mammalian fauna about 33.5 Ma, marks the end of the last phase of Eocene assemblages, the Priabonian, and the arrival in Europe of Asian immigrants. The Grande Coupure is characterized by widespread extinctions and allopatric speciation in small isolated relict populations.^[3] It was given its name in 1910 by the Swiss palaeontologist Hans Georg Stehlin,^[4] to characterise the dramatic turnover of European mammalian fauna, which he placed at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. A comparable turnover in Asian fauna has since been called the "Mongolian Remodelling". Image File history File links Description Total Phanerozoic biodiversity during the same interval. ... Image File history File links Description Total Phanerozoic biodiversity during the same interval. ... The Priabonian (also known as Jacksonian or Runangan) is the final stage of the Eocene Epoch. ... Allopatric speciation, also known as geographic speciation, occurs when populations physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation such that if the barrier between the populations breaks down, individuals of the two populations can no longer interbreed. ... The term relict is used to refer to surviving remnants of natural phenomena. ... Paleontology, palaeontology or palæontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. ...

The Grande Coupure marks a break between endemic European faunas before the break and mixed faunas with a strong Asian component afterwards. J.J. Hooker and his team summarized the break: Endemic, in a broad sense, can mean belonging or native to, characteristic of, or prevalent in a particular geography, race, field, area, or environment; Native to an area or scope. ...

"Pre-Grande Coupure faunas are dominated by the perissodactyl family Palaeotheriidae (distant horse relatives), six families of artiodactyls (cloven-hoofed mammals) (Anoplotheriidae, Xiphodontidae, Choeropotamidae, Cebochoeridae, Dichobunidae and Amphimerycidae), the rodent family Pseudosciuridae, the primate families Omomyidae and Adapidae, and the archontan family Nyctitheriidae.

"Post-Grande Coupure faunas include the true rhinos (family Rhinocerotidae), three artiodactyl families (Entelodontidae, Anthracotheriidae and Gelocidae) related respectively to pigs, hippos and ruminants, the rodent families Eomyidae, Cricetidae (hamsters) and Castoridae (beavers), and the lipotyphlan family Erinaceidae (hedgehogs). The speciose genus Palaeotherium plus Anoplotherium and the families Xiphodontidae and Amphimerycidae were observed to disappear completely.

"Only the marsupial family Herpetotheriidae, the artiodactyl family Cainotheriidae, and the rodent families Theridomyidae and Gliridae (dormice) crossed the faunal divide undiminished." (Hooker et al. 2004)

Whether this abrupt change was caused by climate change associated with the earliest polar glaciations^[5] and a major fall in sea levels, or by competition with taxa dispersing from Asia, few argue for an isolated single cause. More spectacular causes are related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater. Improved correlation of northwest European successions to global events (Hooker et al. 2004) confirms the Grande Coupure as occurring in the earliest Oligocene, with a hiatus of about 350 ka prior to the first record of post-Grande Coupure Asian immigrant taxa. Families Equidae Tapiridae Rhinocerotidae The odd-toed ungulates or Perissodactyla are large to very large browsing and grazing mammals with relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe. ... Families Suidae Hippopotamidae Tayassuidae Camelidae Tragulidae Moschidae Cervidae Giraffidae Antilocapridae Bovidae The even-toed ungulates form the mammal order Artiodactyla. ... The Rhinoceros is a large land animal. ... This article is about the pig genus. ... Hippo can mean: Short for hippopotamus. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Suborders Sciuromorpha Castorimorpha Myomorpha Anomaluromorpha Hystricomorpha Rodentia is an order of mammals also known as rodents. ... Species C. canadensis C. fiber Beavers are semi-aquatic rodents native to North America and Europe. ... Genera Atelerix Erinaceus Hemiechinus Mesechinus Paraechinus A hedgehog is any of the small spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. ... Binomial name Cainotherium commune Bravard, 1828 Cainotherium commune was a small, rabbit-like, hoofed herbivore that lived in Europe during the Oligocene. ... Dormice are a type of rodent indigenous to the eastern hemisphere comprising the family Gliridae. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The term bolide (from the Greek βολις, bolis, missile) can refer to either an extraterrestrial body that collides with the Earth, or to an exceptionally bright, fireball-like meteor regardless of whether it ultimately impacts the surface. ... Siberian Federal District (darker red) and the broadest definition of Siberia (red) arctic northeast Siberia Udachnaya pipe Siberia (Russian: , Sibir; Tatar: ) is a vast region of Russia constituting almost all of Northern Asia and comprising a large part of the Euro-Asian Steppe. ... The Chesapeake Bay Impact Crater was formed by the impact of an extraterrestrial bolide that hit about 35. ...

An element of the paradigm of the Grande Coupure was the apparent extinction of all European primates at the Coupure: the recent discovery^[6] of a mouse-sized early Oligocene omomyid, reflecting the better survival chances of small mammals, further undercut the Grand Coupure paradigm. Genera None extant Omomyids, the ancestor’s form of the known Tarsier like animal. ...

See also

• Green River Formation in western North America
• List of fossil sites (with link directory)
• London Clay
• Messel Pit in Germany

The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a series of intermontane lakes. ... List of fossil sites: // Elliot Formation, South Africa (Triassic) Fayum Formation, Egypt (Eocene) Karoo Desert, South Africa (Permian-Triassic) Lothagam, Kenya (Miocene) Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania (Pliocene) Rusinga Island, Kenya (Miocene) Tendaguru, Tanzania (Jurassic) López de Bertodano Formation (Cretaceous) Mount Kirkpatrick (Jurassic) Barun Goyot Formation, Mongolia (Cretaceous) Bissekty Formation, Uzbekistan... The London Clay is a marine deposit which is well known for the fossils it contains. ... The Messel Pit is a disused quarry in which bituminous shale was mined. ...

Notes

Orders Allogromiida Carterinida Fusulinida - extinct Globigerinida Involutinida - extinct Lagenida Miliolida Robertinida Rotaliida Silicoloculinida Spirillinida Textulariida incertae sedis    Xenophyophorea    Reticulomyxa The Foraminifera, or forams for short, are a large group of amoeboid protists with reticulating pseudopods, fine strands that branch and merge to form a dynamic net. ... Country Italy Region Marche Province Province of Ascoli Piceno (AP) Mayor Elevation m Area 16. ... Umbria is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany to the west, the Marche to the east and Lazio to the south. ... A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, abbreviated GSSP, is an internationally agreed upon stratigraphic section which serves as the reference section for a particular boundary on the geologic timescale. ...

References

• Ogg, Jim; June, 2004, Overview of Global Boundary Stratotype Sections and Points (GSSP's) http://www.stratigraphy.org/gssp.htm Accessed April 30, 2006.
• Stanley, Steven M. Earth System History. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company, 1999. ISBN 0-7167-2882-6
• J.J. Hooker M.E. Collinson and N.P. Sille, 2004. "Eocene–Oligocene mammalian faunal turnover in the Hampshire Basin, UK: calibration to the global time scale and the major cooling event" in Journal of the Geological Society 161.2, pp 161-172 (on-line text)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Eocene

• PaleoMap Project
• Paleos Eocene page
• PBS Deep Time: Eocene
• Eocene Fossils
• Eocene and Oligocene Fossils
• Eocene Primate, Carnegie Museum of Natural History
• The UPenn Fossil Forest Project, focusing on the Eocene polar forests in Ellesmere Island, Canada
• Basilosaurus Primitive Eocene Whales
• Eocene Whale Origins
• Detailed maps of Tertiary Western North America
• Map of Eocene Earth