Ephrath or Ephratah is the Biblical name of the ancient city in the Judean Hills, south of Bethlehem, now called Efrat in the West Bank. It is the urban center of Gush Etzion. Its chief rabbi is Shlomo Riskin, a well-known American rabbi originally from New York City. It is an ancient place: on the road between Ephrath and Bethel, Rachel died giving birth to Benjamin (Genesis, xxxv:19).
A short distance from Ephrath was the small town of Bethlehem, which has assumed greater importance as the birthplace of Jesus of Nazareth.
The birth of Jesus in Bethlehem has always been accounted by Christians a fulfillment of the prophecy in Micah (5:2):
"But thou, Bethlehem Ephratah, though thou be little among the thousands of Judah, yet out of thee shall he come forth unto me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth have been from of old, from everlasting." (King James Version).
As Beth-lehem-Judah (1 Samuel 17:12) is in the territory of Judah, so Beth-lehem Ephratah is in the territory of Ephrath. Ephrath is sometimes confused with Bethlehem itself: even the Jewish Encyclopedia (1908) lists Ephrath as "another name for Bethlehem (Genesis xxxv. 19, xlviii. 7; Ruth i. 2, iv. 11; Psalms cxxxii. 6; Micah v. 1)." The interested reader will want to pursue the citations, however. Assuredly the purely traditional "tomb of Rachel" as now venerated is in a suburb of Bethlehem.
Ephrath was already a settlement in the Bronze Age. Archeology by Rivka Gonen, summarized in 1979, revealed a cemetery consisting of a tumulus built over a platform structure and some 27 Bronze Age burial caves of the shaft-tomb type, many of which had been reused over long stetches of time. These tombs were reused in the Middle Bronze Age.
Ephrath was the wife of Caleb (son of Hezron) and mother of Hur (I Chronicles ii. 19 and 50; iv. 4).
Reference
Rivka Gonen, Excavations at Efrata: A Burial Ground from the Intermediate and Middle Bronze AgesIsrael Antiquities Authority Reports, 2001
Ephratah was formed from Palatine, March 27, 1827, but a part of the town was reannexed to Palatine on the erection of Fulton county, April i8, 1838.
The adherents to this faith who lived in the neighborhood of Ephratah and Rockwood were wont to assemble on the Sabbath for worship at the dwellings of some of the members, and at different times were favored with preaching by ministers from Johns town and Gloversville.
The Reformed Church of Ephratah.-The organization of a religious society, of which the present church is an outgrowth, took place at a meeting held in the school-house of district No. 9, in the town of Palatine, March 17, 1823.
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